A multi-patch use of the habitat: testing the First-Passage Time analysis on roe deer paths

A heterogeneous environment includes several levels of resource aggregation. Individuals do not respond in the same way to this heterogeneity depending on the scale at which they perceive it, and develop different foraging tactics accordingly. The development of methods to analyse animal movements has enabled the study of foraging tactics at several scales. Nevertheless, applied to large vertebrates, these methods have generally been used at large scales, such as for migration trips or the study of marine patches several kilometres large. In this study, we applied a recent method, the First-Passage Time analysis, based on a measure of the foraging effort along the path, to a much finer scale, i.e. under 500 meters. We used 30 daily paths of highly sedentary roe deer females. We modified the initial method, developed by Fauchald and Tveraa (2003), to detect a multi-patch use of the habitat. First-Passage Time analysis results showed that most of the female roe deer exploited their home range as a patchy resource, ranging from 1 to 5 areas of intensive use in their home range. These areas were identified as the most attractive sites within the roe deer female home range. Moreover, this method allowed us to rank the attractive areas according to the time spent in each area. Coupled with habitat selection analysis to identify what makes these areas attractive, the First-Passage Time analysis should offer a suitable tool for landscape ecology and management

Peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and infants: NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe: A prospective European multicentre observational study

BACKGROUND: Little is known about current clinical practice concerning peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and small infants. Guidelines suggest transfusions based on haemoglobin thresholds ranging from 8.5 to 12 g dl-1, distinguishing between children from birth to day 7 (week 1), from day 8 to day 14 (week 2) or from day 15 (≥week 3) onwards. OBJECTIVE: To observe peri-operative red blood cell transfusion practice according to guidelines in relation to patient outcome. DESIGN: A multicentre observational study. SETTING: The NEonate-Children sTudy of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) trial recruited patients up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017. PATIENTS: The data included 5609 patients undergoing 6542 procedures. Inclusion criteria was a peri-operative red blood cell transfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the haemoglobin level triggering a transfusion for neonates in week 1, week 2 and week 3. Secondary endpoints were transfusion volumes, 'delta haemoglobin' (preprocedure - transfusion-triggering) and 30-day and 90-day morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Peri-operative red blood cell transfusions were recorded during 447 procedures (6.9%). The median haemoglobin levels triggering a transfusion were 9.6 [IQR 8.7 to 10.9] g dl-1 for neonates in week 1, 9.6 [7.7 to 10.4] g dl-1 in week 2 and 8.0 [7.3 to 9.0] g dl-1 in week 3. The median transfusion volume was 17.1 [11.1 to 26.4] ml kg-1 with a median delta haemoglobin of 1.8 [0.0 to 3.6] g dl-1. Thirty-day morbidity was 47.8% with an overall mortality of 11.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate lower transfusion-triggering haemoglobin thresholds in clinical practice than suggested by current guidelines. The high morbidity and mortality of this NECTARINE sub-cohort calls for investigative action and evidence-based guidelines addressing peri-operative red blood cell transfusions strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02350348

Synthesis of monophosphonic acid ligands with a phenanthroline core

International audienc

Assessment of forage availability in ecological studies

International audienceIn this study we describe and calibrate a quantitative index method to estimate leaf biomass and forage availability for browsers at different feeding heights. The method is based on an index relating leaf biomass to a number of leaf contacts with a vertical, three-dimensional (25×25×165 cm) metallic quadrat with a central rod and takes into account the characteristics of leaves (shape, size, and thickness) to define plant categories and then produce general allometric equations per category. We then discuss the use of this biomass index to evaluate the quality of habitats for browsers in terms of food resources

Hybrid Cyclic Dimers of Divacant Heteropolyanions: Synthesis, Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF and ESI-MS) and NMR Multinuclear Characterisation

International audienc

Chronique de jurisprudence 2010 de la Cour de justice de l'Union européenne (2e partie)

National audienc

Method and device for the processing of data packets

Method of configuring a Trie-type associative memory for the processing of data packets on the basis of a set of rules, the Trie memory being used for the analysis of binary strings situated at defined locations in each data packet, each rule assigning an action (110-114) to a packet on the basis of the values of the said binary strings, the Trie memory including registers made up of a defined number of individual cells for receiving respective references, the method comprising the following stages:a-for each of the said locations, consecutive elementary intervals are defined covering binary-string values possibly appearing at the said location...(extract of claims

Insight into the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involving in PAHs impact on the AMF development and the establishment of a functional symbiosis

Insight into the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involving in PAHs impact on the AMF development and the establishment of a functional symbiosi