El Protocolo como herramienta de la Comunicación Política Institucional. Formación y contexto en los másteres universitarios oficiales

Esta investigación examina el peso que alcanza la docencia de asuntos relacionados con el Protocolo, el ceremonial y la organización de eventos dentro de las materias de las titulaciones oficiales de especialización en Comunicación Política e Institucional

Targeting Protein Kinase C in Glioblastoma Treatment

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor and is associated with a poor prognosis. Despite the use of combined treatment approaches, recurrence is almost inevitable and survival longer than 14 or 15 months after diagnosis is low. It is therefore necessary to identify new therapeutic targets to fight GBM progression and recurrence. Some publications have pointed out the role of glioma stem cells (GSCs) as the origin of GBM. These cells, with characteristics of neural stem cells (NSC) present in physiological neurogenic niches, have been proposed as being responsible for the high resistance of GBM to current treatments such as temozolomide (TMZ). The protein Kinase C (PKC) family members play an essential role in transducing signals related with cell cycle entrance, differentiation and apoptosis in NSC and participate in distinct signaling cascades that determine NSC and GSC dynamics. Thus, PKC could be a suitable druggable target to treat recurrent GBM. Clinical trials have tested the efficacy of PKC beta inhibitors, and preclinical studies have focused on other PKC isozymes. Here, we discuss the idea that other PKC isozymes may also be involved in GBM progression and that the development of a new generation of effective drugs should consider the balance between the activation of different PKC subtypes

Design and evaluation of liquid crystal-based pixels for millimeter and sub-millimeter electrically addressable spatial wave modulators

During the last decades, the Liquid Crystal (LC) technology has been widely used in the near infrared and visible regions of spectrum to develop tunable devices such as displays or spatial light modulators (SLM), which is the term used in photonic to describe an aperture antenna fed by an external source in reflection or transmission mode, known as reflectarray (RA) and transmitarray (TA) in microwaves. However, the use of the LC to implement tunable devices for millimeter and sub-millimeter waves is very recent. In the particular case of RAs/TAs, some efforts have been made in the last recent years to develop LC-pixels [1]-[3] or full antennas [2]-[3] up to 100 GHz. The main difference between both an LC-pixel in these frequencies and that one developed to operate in photonic applications lies in the use of resonators, which must be included in the pixels (cells) to achieve the appropriate phase-shift (Fig 1). The use of resonators makes the performance of the cells completely different for the critical electrical parameters, which also depends on the particular characteristics of the LC mixture used (dielectric anisotropy and loss tangent) at the operating frequency

Simple electronic driver circuit for liquid crystal devices

When manufacturing a liquid crystal device of low or medium complexity (tens or hundreds of elements), the problem is often to find a way to address it electronically. In recent years, several families of microprocessors have appeared. These microprocessors are easily programmed at high level and can control electronic chips in a very simple way through I2C or SPI ports

Propagation and bend losses in low-contrast polymers for single-mode optical waveguides

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) have contributed to manipulation and routing of optical signals. PICs have been mainly based on silicon on insulator (SOI) technology, due to compatibility with conventional CMOS fabrication processes and also good performing in the near-infrared communication windows. Nevertheless, silicon is not convenient for other purposes that aim to exploit the visible spectrum