La clase dominante como determinante de la forma de Quito

La presente investigación propone aportar al estudio sobre la in uencia de las clases dominantes en la conformación de las ciudades, tomando a Quito como ejemplo. Este trabajo se concentra en identi car, mediante entrevistas y el estudio de fuentes secundarias, los motivos que llevaron a las clases dominantes a colonizar nuevos barrios y abandonar otros. Se destacan entre las causas el deseo de evitar la coexistencia con nuevos grupos sociales, el aumento de la densidad, la necesidad de un mayor contacto con la naturaleza y la falta de plani cación urbana. El resultado de lo anterior es una ciudad dispersa con espacios potenciales para desarrollar, fruto de los barrios que fueron ocupando las clases dominantes, y que de nen los retos de los arquitectos y urbanistas en la ciudad.This research tries to identify, through interviews and the revision of secondary sources, the motives of the ruling class in Quito to colonize new areas that expanded the city and de ned its shape throughout its history. The main causes were avoiding the coexistence with other economic groups, rising population density, the search for a major touch with nature and the lack of town planning. The result is a dispersed city with potential spaces to developing product of the districts that ruling class were occupied, which define the challenges of the architects and town planners in the city.A presente investigação pretende contribuir ao estudo na in uência das classes dominantes na conformação das cidades, tomada Quito como exemplo. Este trabalho concentra em identi car, por meio de entrevistas e o estudo de fontes secundárias, as razões que levaram às classes dominantes colonizar bairros novos e abandonar outros. Eles se salientam entre as causas o desejo para evitar a coexistência com grupos novos sociais, o aumento da densidade, a necessidade de um contato maior com a natureza e a falta de planejamento urbano. O o supracitado resultado é uma cidade espalhada com espaços potenciais desenvolver, fruta dos bairros que estavam ocupando as classes dominantes que de nem os desa os dos arquitetos e urbanistas na cidade

Is PRP useful in alveolar cleft reconstruction? Platelet-rich plasma in secondary alveoloplasty

Objective: Cleft lip and palate is a congenital facial malformation with an established treatment protocol. Mixed dentition period is the best moment for correct maxillary bone defect with an alveoloplasty. The aim of this surgical procedure is to facilitate dental eruption, re-establish maxillary arch, close any oro-nasal communication, give support to nasal ala, and in some cases allow dental rehabilitation with osteointegrated implants. Study design: Twenty cleft patients who underwent secondary alveoloplasty were included. In 10 of them autogenous bone graft were used and in other 10 autogenous bone and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) obtained from autogenous blood. Bone formation was compared by digital orthopantomography made on immediate post-operatory and 3 and 6 months after the surgery. Results: No significant differences were found between both therapeutic groups on bone regeneration. Conclusion: We do not find justified the use of PRP for alveoloplasty in cleft patients? treatment protocol

La clase dominante como determinante de la forma de Quito

La presente investigación propone aportar al estudio sobre la in uencia de las clases dominantes en la conformación de las ciudades, tomando a Quito como ejemplo. Este trabajo se concentra en identi car, mediante entrevistas y el estudio de fuentes secundarias, los motivos que llevaron a las clases dominantes a colonizar nuevos barrios y abandonar otros. Se destacan entre las causas el deseo de evitar la coexistencia con nuevos grupos sociales, el aumento de la densidad, la necesidad de un mayor contacto con la naturaleza y la falta de plani cación urbana. El resultado de lo anterior es una ciudad dispersa con espacios potenciales para desarrollar, fruto de los barrios que fueron ocupando las clases dominantes, y que de nen los retos de los arquitectos y urbanistas en la ciudad.

La clase dominante como determinante de la forma de Quito

This research tries to identify, through interviews and the revision of secondary sources, the motives of the ruling class in Quito to colonize new areas that expanded the city and de ned its shape throughout its history. The main causes were avoiding the coexistence with other economic groups, rising population density, the search for a major touch with nature and the lack of town planning. The result is a dispersed city with potential spaces to developing product of the districts that ruling class were occupied, which define the challenges of the architects and town planners in the city. A presente investigação pretende contribuir ao estudo na in uência das classes dominantes na conformação das cidades, tomada Quito como exemplo. Este trabalho concentra em identi car, por meio de entrevistas e o estudo de fontes secundárias, as razões que levaram às classes dominantes colonizar bairros novos e abandonar outros. Eles se salientam entre as causas o desejo para evitar a coexistência com grupos novos sociais, o aumento da densidade, a necessidade de um contato maior com a natureza e a falta de planejamento urbano. O o supracitado resultado é uma cidade espalhada com espaços potenciais desenvolver, fruta dos bairros que estavam ocupando as classes dominantes que de nem os desa os dos arquitetos e urbanistas na cidade. La presente investigación propone aportar al estudio sobre la in uencia de las clases dominantes en la conformación de las ciudades, tomando a Quito como ejemplo. Este trabajo se concentra en identi car, mediante entrevistas y el estudio de fuentes secundarias, los motivos que llevaron a las clases dominantes a colonizar nuevos barrios y abandonar otros. Se destacan entre las causas el deseo de evitar la coexistencia con nuevos grupos sociales, el aumento de la densidad, la necesidad de un mayor contacto con la naturaleza y la falta de plani cación urbana. El resultado de lo anterior es una ciudad dispersa con espacios potenciales para desarrollar, fruto de los barrios que fueron ocupando las clases dominantes, y que de nen los retos de los arquitectos y urbanistas en la ciudad.

Monkeypox virus genomic accordion strategies

The 2023 monkeypox (mpox) epidemic was caused by a subclade IIb descendant of a monkeypox virus (MPXV) lineage traced back to Nigeria in 1971. Person-to-person transmission appears higher than for clade I or subclade IIa MPXV, possibly caused by genomic changes in subclade IIb MPXV. Key genomic changes could occur in the genome's low-complexity regions (LCRs), which are challenging to sequence and are often dismissed as uninformative. Here, using a combination of highly sensitive techniques, we determine a high-quality MPXV genome sequence of a representative of the current epidemic with LCRs resolved at unprecedented accuracy. This reveals significant variation in short tandem repeats within LCRs. We demonstrate that LCR entropy in the MPXV genome is significantly higher than that of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and that LCRs are not randomly distributed. In silico analyses indicate that expression, translation, stability, or function of MPXV orthologous poxvirus genes (OPGs), including OPG153, OPG204, and OPG208, could be affected in a manner consistent with the established "genomic accordion" evolutionary strategies of orthopoxviruses. We posit that genomic studies focusing on phenotypic MPXV differences should consider LCR variability.We would like to thank the work of the Rapid Response Unit of the National Center for Microbiology, especially MªJosé Buitrago, and Cristobal Belda, ISCIII General Director. We also thank Anya Crane (Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health) for critically editing the manuscript and Jiro Wada (Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health) for helping with figure preparation. The work for this study performed at Instituto de Salud Carlos III was partially funded by Acción Estratégica “Impacto clínico y microbiológico del brote por el virus de la viruela del mono en pacientes en España (2022): proyecto multicéntrico MONKPOX-ESP22” (CIBERINFEC) (M.P.S.S.). The work for this study done at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Department of Microbiology as part of Global Health Emerging Pathogen Institute activities was funded by institutional funds (G.P.) from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Department of Microbiology in support of Global Health Emerging Pathogen Institute activities. This work was also supported in part through Laulima Govern ment Solutions, LLC, prime contract with the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC, under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the U.S. Army. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services or of the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.S