Incidence of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and defense mechanisms in Gerbera hybrida

The existence of natural variation at different levels of whitefly infestation (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) in gerbera genotypes (Gerbera hybrida) allows the existence of different levels of resistance or susceptibility to the insect. In this investigation the natural variation of gerbera was evaluated at the incidence of T. vaporariorum. In a randomized complete block design, ten gerbera genotypes were analyzed in different phenological stages without incidence (SI) and with incidence (CI) of whitefly. Nymphs were counted, in a cm2 at the center of the underside of the leaves and total adults per leaf. The relative content of chlorophyll (USPAD), the content of phenolic compounds (Cf), the enzymatic activity of peroxidases (AePOX) and the antioxidant capacity DPPH (Caox) were measured. Gerbera genotypes showed significant differences in the incidence of whiteflies (p≤ 0.01), as well as in Cf, AePOX and Caox, both in SI and CI (p≤ 0.01), which suggests differences in insect preference a its host and the ability of genotypes to respond to whiteflies. In CI with respect to SI, they increased the content of Cf (1.4 times), AePOX (4 times) and Caox (12 times). USPAD decreased in the genotype with the highest incidence of the insect (-4%). The significant correlations between the number of insects (nymphs) with Cf (-0.71**) and AePOX (-0.65**) and Caox with Cf (-0.73**) and AePOX (-0.76**), showed that the feeding of the insect interferes with the metabolism of its hosts and triggers integral responses in the defense mechanism of plants, with differences in resistance that can be used in genetic improvement

Implementación de un control no lineal para el seguimiento robot-humano con un sensor 3D

At present more adult persons need of mechatronic devices that facilitate and help them in his daily activities. The mobile robots turned into a good alternative due to the fact that nowadays the technology has allowed that they can recognize and make the tracking of a person. In this work, is used the Robotics platform Pionner 3-AT® and a sensor of depth Kinect® to making the tracking of a person. Sequences of images of depth and an algorithm of recognition of skeletons, supplied by the Kinect®, it allows to know and to estimate the coordinates and speed of a person, that to be introduced to the non-linear control based on linearization by feedback, it generates the command of linear and angular speed that will made that the robot keep an orientation and distance wished to a person. Finally, we introduce and argue the results achieved after carry out the validation of the algorithm with a series of experimental tests.En la actualidad más personas adultas requieren de dispositivos mecatrónicos que faciliten y ayuden en sus actividades diarias. Los robots móviles se convirtieron en una buena alternativa debido a que actualmente la tecnología, permite que puedan reconocer y realizar el seguimiento de una persona. En este trabajo, se emplea la plataforma robótica Pionner 3-AT® y un sensor de profundidad Kinect® para realizar el seguimiento de una persona. Secuencias de imágenes de profundidad y un algoritmo de reconocimiento de esqueletos, suministrados por el Kinect®, permite conocer y estimar las coordenadas y velocidad de una persona, que al ser introducidas al control no lineal basado en linealización por realimentación, genera los comandos de velocidad lineal y angular que hacen que el robot mantenga una orientación y distancia deseadas a la persona. Finalmente, se presenta y discute los resultados obtenidos después de realizar la validación del algoritmo con una serie de pruebas experimentales

Vimentin and heat shock protein expression are induced in the kidney by angiotensin and by nitric oxide inhibition

Vimentin and heat shock protein expression are induced in the kidney by angiotensin and by nitric oxide inhibition.BackgroundAngiotensin II (Ang II) infusion and nitric oxide synthesis (NOS) inhibition with Nω-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME) are experimental models of hypertension associated with renal inflammation and oxidative stress. To gain insight into the nature of the tubulointerstitial injury induced in these models, we studied lectin-binding specificities, vimentin expression, and heat shock protein (HSP) 60 and 70 in these experimental models.MethodsSprague-Dawley rats received Ang II infusion (435 ng/kg/min) for 2 weeks by subcutaneous minipumps (Ang II group, N = 5) or L-NAME in the drinking water (70 mg/100 mL) for 3 weeks (L-NAME group N = 7). The control group consisted of 10 rats. Systolic blood pressure (tail-cuff plethysmography), serum creatinine, and proteinuria were determined weekly. At the end of the treatment period, rats were sacrificed and kidneys studied. Binding specificities of fluorescein-labeled lectins were examined in frozen sections, and cellular infiltrates were identified by immunohistology and expression of vimentin and HSP 60 and 70 with immunohistochemistry and computer image analysis.ResultsTubulointerstitial accumulation of macrophages, lymphocytes, and Ang II–positive cells were present in the Ang II group and L-NAME group. Vimentin, HSP 60, and HSP 70 were increased 8 to 20 times in the cortex of the rats of the Ang II group and the L-NAME groups. Neoexpression of vimentin and HSPs was found primarily in proximal tubular cells.ConclusionAng II infusion and NOS inhibition induce tubular injury with epithelial cell transdifferentiation and expression of stress proteins. The role of these changes in the accumulation and activation of the interstitial inflammatory infiltrate merits further investigation

¿Han sido eficientes y exitosas las reformas tributarias en Colombia en el período 1990-2009?

RESUMEN: El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la eficiencia y éxito de las reformas tributarias en Colombia, considerando el contexto, contenido e impactos que generaron las mismas, teniendo en cuenta los planteamientos teóricos y normativos que hay sobre el tema. Para esto se tomarán las reformas tributarias de las últimas dos décadas, mostrando la problemática que se genera alrededor de éstas, ya que su recurrencia obedece más a la necesidad de generar ingresos para cubrir los compromisos que tiene el Estado, incluso se crean para hacer frente a situaciones momentáneas, por lo que terminan siendo coyunturales y no estructurales. Por lo tanto el análisis busca determinar si se logran los objetivos intermedios y básicos por las que fueron motivadas y aprobadasABSTRACT: The job is an analyze of the efficiency and success the tax reforms in Colombia, this through of economical theoretical considerations and stressing the importance and features that should have the tax system and taxes, too taking the context, content and the impact that it has generated in the time. We will be exploring the tax reforms through the last two decades in Colombia, showing the problems have been generated, as their recurrence are given by the need to generate income and thus meet the commitments of the State; however these reforms are created to face the momentary situations, so they end up being cyclical and does not structural solutions. Our analysis pretends to determine if the intermediate objectives and goals are achieved for which they were motivated and approved

Definición de retiros en cuencas urbanas.

Se propone en este trabajo una metodología para la definición de los retiros en cuencas urbanas altamente intervenidas, en función de elementos tales como: capacidad hidráulica del río, estabilidad de márgenes y taludes del cauce, franjas para zonas ornamentales y recreación pasiva, franjas de terreno para la extensión de redes de servicios públicos, zonas para la circulación, vías vehiculares o peatonales, zonas de amortiguación para la protección de los ecosistemas en los cauces y las riberas y acceso al cauce y a las zonas de amortiguación para su mantenimiento

Effect of sex in systemic psoriasis therapy: Differences in prescription, effectiveness and safety in the BIOBADADERM prospective cohort

The effect of sex on systemic therapy for psoriasis has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to analyse a large multicentre Spanish cohort of 2,881 patients with psoriasis (58.3% males), followed from January 2008 to November 2018, to determine whether sex influences prescription, effectiveness of therapy, and the risk of adverse events. The results show that women are more likely than men to be pre-scribed biologics. There were no differences between men and women in effectiveness of therapy, measur-ed in terms of drug survival. Women were more likely to develop adverse events, but the difference in risk was small and does not justify different management. Study limitations include residual confounding and the use of drug survival as a proxy for effectiveness.The BIOBADADERM project is promoted by the Fundación Piel Sana Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología, which receives financial support from the Spanish Medicines and Health Products Agency (Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios) and from pharmaceutical companies (Abbott/Abbvie, Pfizer, MSD, Novartis, Lilly, Janssen and Almirall)

Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum