2,787 research outputs found

    Improving water network management by efficient division into supply clusters

    Full text link
    El agua es un recurso escaso que, como tal, debe ser gestionado de manera eficiente. Así, uno de los propósitos de dicha gestión debiera ser la reducción de pérdidas de agua y la mejora del funcionamiento del abastecimiento. Para ello, es necesario crear un marco de trabajo basado en un conocimiento profundo de la redes de distribución. En los casos reales, llegar a este conocimiento es una tarea compleja debido a que estos sistemas pueden estar formados por miles de nodos de consumo, interconectados entre sí también por miles de tuberías y sus correspondientes elementos de alimentación. La mayoría de las veces, esas redes no son el producto de un solo proceso de diseño, sino la consecuencia de años de historia que han dado respuesta a demandas de agua continuamente crecientes con el tiempo. La división de la red en lo que denominaremos clusters de abastecimiento, permite la obtención del conocimiento hidráulico adecuado para planificar y operar las tareas de gestión oportunas, que garanticen el abastecimiento al consumidor final. Esta partición divide las redes de distribución en pequeñas sub-redes, que son virtualmente independientes y están alimentadas por un número prefijado de fuentes. Esta tesis propone un marco de trabajo adecuado en el establecimiento de vías eficientes tanto para dividir la red de abastecimiento en sectores, como para desarrollar nuevas actividades de gestión, aprovechando esta estructura dividida. La propuesta de desarrollo de cada una de estas tareas será mediante el uso de métodos kernel y sistemas multi-agente. El spectral clustering y el aprendizaje semi-supervisado se mostrarán como métodos con buen comportamiento en el paradigma de encontrar una red sectorizada que necesite usar el número mínimo de válvulas de corte. No obstante, sus algoritmos se vuelven lentos (a veces infactibles) dividiendo una red de abastecimiento grande.Herrera Fernández, AM. (2011). Improving water network management by efficient division into supply clusters [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/11233Palanci

    Reacciones de expansión homoalílica de anillo

    Get PDF
    Tesis Univ. Complutense de Madrid, 1978.ProQuestFac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEpu

    Co-creación de semiconductores

    Get PDF
    El mercado de los semiconductores está saturado de productos similares y de distribuidores con una propuesta de servicios similar. Los procesos de Co-Creación en los que el cliente colabora en la definición y desarrollo del producto y proporciona información sobre su utilidad, prestaciones y valor percibido, con el resultado de un producto que soluciona sus necesidades reales, se están convirtiendo en un paso adelante en la diferenciación y expansión de la cadena de valor. El proceso de diseño y fabricación de semiconductores es bastante complejo, requiere inversiones cada vez mayores y demanda soluciones completas. Se requiere un ecosistema que soporte el desarrollo de los equipos electrónicos basados en dichos semiconductores. La facilidad para el diálogo y compartir información que proporciona internet, las herramientas basadas en web 2.0 y los servicios y aplicaciones en la nube; favorecen la generación de ideas, el desarrollo y evaluación de productos y posibilita la interacción entre diversos co-creadores. Para iniciar un proceso de co-creación se requiere métodos y herramientas adecuados para interactuar con los participantes e intercambiar experiencias, procesos para integrar la co-creación dentro de la operativa de la empresa, y desarrollar una organización y cultura que soporten y fomenten dicho proceso. Entre los métodos más efectivos están la Netnografía que estudia las conversaciones de las comunidades en internet; colaboración con usuarios pioneros que van por delante del Mercado y esperan un gran beneficio de la satisfacción de sus necesidades o deseos; los estudios de innovación que permiten al usuario definir y a menudo crear su propia solución y la externalización a la multitud, que mediante una convocatoria abierta plantea a la comunidad retos a resolver a cambio de algún tipo de recompensa. La especialización de empresas subcontratistas en el desarrollo y fabricación de semiconductores; facilita la innovación abierta colaborando con diversas entidades en las diversas fases del desarrollo del semiconductor y su ecosistema. La co-creación se emplea actualmente en el sector de los semiconductores para detectar ideas de diseños y aplicaciones, a menudo mediante concursos de innovación. El servicio de soporte técnico y la evaluación de los semiconductores con frecuencia es fruto de la colaboración entre los miembros de la comunidad fomentada y soportada por los fabricantes del producto. Con el programa EBVchips se posibilita el acceso a empresas pequeñas y medianas a la co-creación de semiconductores con los fabricantes en un proceso coordinado y patrocinado por el distribuidor EBV. Los semiconductores configurables como las FPGAs constituyen otro ejemplo de co-creación mediante el cual el fabricante proporciona el circuito integrado y el entorno de desarrollo y los clientes crean el producto final definiendo sus características y funcionalidades. Este proceso se enriquece con bloques funcionales de diseño, IP-cores, que a menudo son creados por la comunidad de usuarios. ABSTRACT. The semiconductor market is saturated of similar products and distributors with a similar proposal for services. The processes of co-creation in which the customer collaborates in the definition and development of the product and provides information about its utility, performance and perceived value, resulting in a product that solves their real needs, are becoming a step forward in the differentiation and expansion of the value chain. The design and semiconductor manufacturing process is quite complex, requires increasingly higher investments and demands complete solutions. It requires an ecosystem that supports the development of electronic equipments based on such semiconductors. The ease of dialogue and sharing information that provides internet, web 2.0-based tools and services and applications in the cloud; favor the generation of ideas, the development and evaluation of products and allows the interaction between various co-creators. To start a process of co-creation adequate methods and tools are required to interact with the participants and exchange experiences, processes to integrate the co-creation within the operations of the company, and developing an organization and culture that support and promote such process. Among the most effective methods are the Netnography that studies the conversations of the communities on the internet; collaboration with Lead Users who are ahead of the market and expect a great benefit from the satisfaction of their needs or desires; Innovation studies that allow the user to define and often create their own solution and Crowdsourcing, an open call to the community to solve challenges in exchange for some kind of reward. The specialization of subcontractors in the development and manufacture of semiconductors; facilitates open innovation in the context of collaboration with different entities working in the different phases of the development of the semiconductor and its ecosystem. Co-creation is used currently in the semiconductor sector to detect ideas of designs and applications, often through innovation’s contests. Technical support and evaluation of semiconductors frequently is the result of collaboration between members of the community fostered and supported by the manufacturers of the product. The EBVchips program provides access to small and medium-sized companies to the co-creation of semiconductors with manufacturers in a process coordinated and sponsored by the Distributor EBV. Configurable semiconductors like FPGAs are another example of co-creation whereby the manufacturer provides the integrated circuit and the development environment and customers create the final product by defining their features and functionality. This process is enriched with IP-cores, designs blocks that are often created by the user community

    Stress Increases Vulnerability to Inflammation in the Rat Prefrontal Cortex

    Get PDF
    Inflammation could be involved in some neurodegenerative disorders that accompany signs of inflammation. However, because sensitivity to inflammation is not equal in all brain structures, a direct relationship is not clear. Our aim was to test whether some physiological circumstances, such as stress, could enhance susceptibility to inflammation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which shows a relative resistance to inflammation. PFC is important in many brain functions and is a target for some neurodegenerative diseases. We induced an inflammatory process by a single intracortical injection of 2 μg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent proinflammogen, in nonstressed and stressed rats. We evaluated the effect of our treatment on inflammatory markers, neuronal populations, BDNF expression, and behavior of several mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein. Stress strengthens the changes induced by LPS injection: microglial activation and proliferation with an increase in the levels of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α; loss of cells such as astroglia, seen as loss of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity, and neurons, studied by neuronal-specific nuclear protein immunohistochemistry and GAD67 and NMDA receptor 1A mRNAs expression by in situ hybridization. A significant increase in the BDNF mRNA expression and modifications in the levels of MAP kinase phosphorylation were also found. In addition, we observed a protective effect from RU486 [mifepristone (11β-[p-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-17β-hydroxy-17-(1-propynyl)estra-4,9-dien-3-one)], a potent inhibitor of the glucocorticoid receptor activation. All of these data show a synergistic effect between inflammation and stress, which could explain the relationship described between stress and some neurodegenerative pathologies.España,Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia Grants SAF2002-01952 and SAF2004-0660

    Consolidation of an EV Project Based Learning program integrated within a complete Bachelor Engineering Degree

    Get PDF
    Proyecto docente para el aprendizaje de competencias fundamentales de la ingeniería a través del aprendizaje basado en un proyecto multianual y multidisciplinar coordinado sobre las asignaturas troncales de este tipo de grados. Los resultados obtenidos son del tipo docente, funcionales y científicos que han permitido fabricar varios modelos de vehículos eléctricos ligeros con los que se ha acudido a competiciones internacionales.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

    Improving the performance of fuzzy rule-based classification systems with interval-valued fuzzy sets and genetic amplitude tuning

    Get PDF
    Among the computational intelligence techniques employed to solve classification problems, Fuzzy Rule-Based Classification Systems (FRBCSs) are a popular tool because of their interpretable models based on linguistic variables, which are easier to understand for the experts or end-users. The aim of this paper is to enhance the performance of FRBCSs by extending the Knowledge Base with the application of the concept of Interval-Valued Fuzzy Sets (IVFSs). We consider a post-processing genetic tuning step that adjusts the amplitude of the upper bound of the IVFS to contextualize the fuzzy partitions and to obtain a most accurate solution to the problem. We analyze the goodness of this approach using two basic and well-known fuzzy rule learning algorithms, the Chi et al.’s method and the fuzzy hybrid genetics-based machine learning algorithm. We show the improvement achieved by this model through an extensive empirical study with a large collection of data-sets.This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology under projects TIN2008-06681-C06-01 and TIN2007-65981

    Advanced Hydroinformatic Techniques for the Simulation and Analysis of Water Supply and Distribution Systems

    Full text link
    [EN] This document is intended to be a presentation of the Special Issue "Advanced Hydroinformatic Techniques for the Simulation and Analysis of Water Supply and Distribution Systems". The final aim of this Special Issue is to propose a suitable framework supporting insightful hydraulic mechanisms to aid the decision-making processes of water utility managers and practitioners. Its 18 peer-reviewed articles present as varied topics as: water distribution system design, optimization of network performance assessment, monitoring and diagnosis of pressure pipe systems, optimal water quality management, and modelling and forecasting water demand. Overall, these articles explore new research avenues on urban hydraulics and hydroinformatics, showing to be of great value for both Academia and those water utility stakeholders.Herrera Fernández, AM.; Meniconi, S.; Alvisi, S.; Izquierdo Sebastián, J. (2018). Advanced Hydroinformatic Techniques for the Simulation and Analysis of Water Supply and Distribution Systems. Water. 10(4):1-7. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10040440S1710

    IVTURS: A linguistic fuzzy rule-based classification system based on a new interval-valued fuzzy reasoning method with tuning and rule selection

    Get PDF
    Interval-valued fuzzy sets have been shown to be a useful tool for dealing with the ignorance related to the definition of the linguistic labels. Specifically, they have been successfully applied to solve classification problems, performing simple modifications on the fuzzy reasoning method to work with this representation and making the classification based on a single number. In this paper we present IVTURS, a new linguistic fuzzy rule-based classification method based on a new completely interval-valued fuzzy reasoning method. This inference process uses interval-valued restricted equivalence functions to increase the relevance of the rules in which the equivalence of the interval membership degrees of the patterns and the ideal membership degrees is greater, which is a desirable behaviour. Furthermore, their parametrized construction allows the computation of the optimal function for each variable to be performed, which could involve a potential improvement in the system’s behaviour. Additionally, we combine this tuning of the equivalence with rule selection in order to decrease the complexity of the system. In this paper we name our method IVTURS-FARC, since we use the FARC-HD method to accomplish the fuzzy rule learning process. The experimental study is developed in three steps in order to ascertain the quality of our new proposal. First, we determine both the essential role that interval-valued fuzzy sets play in the method and the need for the rule selection process. Next, we show the improvements achieved by IVTURS-FARC with respect to the tuning of the degree of ignorance when it is applied in both an isolated way and when combined with the tuning of the equivalence. Finally, the significance of IVTURS-FARC is further depicted by means of a comparison by which it is proved to outperform the results of FARC-HD and FURIA, which are two high performing fuzzy classification algorithms.This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology under projects TIN2011-28488 and TIN2010-15055 and the Andalusian Research Plan P10-TIC-6858 and P11-TIC-7765

    La protesta campesina como protesta ambiental, siglos XVIII-XX

    Get PDF
    This article analyses peasant conflicts from an environmental perspective. First, we show a general theory about environmental conflicts making a clear differentiation among environmental conflicts making a clear differentiation among environmental, environmentalist and green movement conflicts. This differentiation is accomplished using as criterion the goals of the actors in relation to both the agroecosystems sustainability and the types of discourses used in the protests. Second, we analyse the peasant use of agroecosystems and the differences between agricultural systems based on organic energy in contrast with those based on fossil energy. Finally, we identify several types of peasant environmental conflicts between 18th and 20th centuries: environmental peasant protests in Mediterranean Europe, Latin America, Asia and Africa; conflicts produced around resources like water, common goods or against pollution, Land Reform, reactions to environmental policies or defence of indigenous territories. As these examples show, attention must be paid to the environmental dimension of the peasant protest in order to understand the conflicts, although sometimes mixed with gender and class dimensions

    «El Pacto Andaluz por la Naturaleza» (1985). La confluencia del movimiento campesino y el movimiento ecologista.

    Get PDF
    En los últimos años se ha desarrollado un importante debate en la Historia Ambiental acerca de lar elación entre campesinado y ecologismo, especialmente a partir de la propuesta de Guha y Martínez Alier (1997) de un Ecologismo Popular y de las críticas al mismo. En este artículo pretendemos profundizar en estas ideas a partir del análisis de la gestación y desarrollo de una de las primeras iniciativas del movimiento ecologista en España, e lPacto Andaluz por la Naturaleza, de 1985-1986.Esta iniciativa surgió de la confluencia de numerosas organizaciones ecologistas con el movimiento jornalero que representaba el Sindicato de Obreros del Campo (SOC) en la defensa de una gestión sostenible del bosque. Estas movilizaciones tuvieron como resultado la aprobación del Plan Forestal Andaluz en 1989 y la introducción, por la vía de la reclamación de mayor empleo, de valores ecologistas que venían a superar las concepciones conservacionistas hasta entonces asociadas con el ambientalismo. Esta es la historia de la confluencia entre un viejo movimiento en vías de extinción, el movimiento jornalero, y un nuevo movimiento social, el ecologista. El resultado es un buen ejemplo de la complejidad y capacidad de transformación del conflicto social.In recent years there has been an intensive debate on the relationship between peasantry and environmentalism in Environmental History. The starting point was the controversial definition of Popular Environmentalism by Ramachandra Guha and Martínez Alier (1997). In the present article we focus on these ideas through the analysis of a specific social movement, the «Andalusian Agreement for Nature» (Pacto Andaluz por la Naturaleza, 1985/1986), one of the first expressions of the Spanish green movement. The interesting feature lies in its origin. This green movement, claiming for a new sustainable use of forests, arose from the confluence of several environmentalist organizations and the traditional Peasant Union (Sindicato de Obreros del Campo). The struggles achieved a new Forest Policy (1989) adopted by the regional government, introducing new ecological values in the population beyond the traditional conservationist conception of environmentalism.This is the history of the confluence of an Old Social Movement, the peasant movement, and a New Social Movement, the green one. We consider this to be a good example for understanding the complexity and the auto‐transformation capacity of the social conflict
    corecore