Patrones de consumo de frutas y hortalizas en la población urbana de Venezuela

Introduction: Studying the food consumption patterns of a population is important given the relationships between diet-disease, especially the consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) which are essential because they provide vitamins, minerals, fiber and bioactive compounds that contribute to achieve a state of integral health. The objective wasto identify and characterize the most important patterns of fruit and vegetable consumption in Venezuelans between ages 15 and 65 years residing in urban areas during 2015.Material and methods: This research was carried out with data belonging to Venezuela from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS), a descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out by a random, multi-stage quota sampling in its last phase (Clinical Trials registry: NCT02226627), with the purpose of collecting information on consumption of food and drinks through two 24-hour records. The representative sample for Venezuela was 1,132 subjects. A descriptive analysis of the consumption variables and a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) followed by a cluster analysis was performed.Results: the majority of the population does not consume an adequate amount of F&V per day (231.8 g), they prefer yellow-orange fruits over vegetables with stems and green leaves. Six consumption patterns were identified, as follow: low in vegetables (25.5%), rich in vegetables (13.4%), traditional (31.4%), rich in fruit (23.5%), non-consumers of fruits (2.9%) and non-consumers of vegetables (3.3%).Conclusions: The findings categorized the different patterns of consumption of F&V among Venezuelans living in urban areas, based on key variables such as the type of food, the amount consumed and, the shape and color of the fruit or vegetable. In addition, none of the patterns was characterized by meeting the F&V consumption recommendations, being insufficient in variety and quantity.Introducción: Estudiar los patrones de consumo alimentario de una población es importante dadas las relaciones existentes entre dieta y enfermedad, en especial el consumo de frutas y hortalizas (FyH) cuyo aporte de vitaminas, minerales, fibra y compuestos bioactivos contribuye a un estado de salud integral.El objetivo fue identificar y caracterizar los patrones de consumo de frutas y hortalizas predominantes en venezolanos de 15 a 65 años y residentes en las zonas urbanas, durante el año 2015.Material y métodos: Esta investigación ha sido desarrollada con los datos del Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y Salud (ELANS) correspondientes a Venezuela, un estudio descriptivo y transversal realizado mediante un muestreo aleatorio, polietápico por cuotas en su última fase (registro del protocolo del estudio en Clinical Trials: NCT02226627), con el propósito de recopilar información sobre consumo de alimentos y bebidas a través de 2 recordatorios de 24 horas. La muestra representativa para Venezuela fue de 1.132 sujetos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables de consumo y un análisis de interasociaciones mediante el uso del análisis de correspondencias múltiples (ACM), seguido de un análisis de conglomerados.Resultados: La mayoría de la población no consume diariamente cantidades adecuadas de FyH (231,8 g), prefieren frutos amarillo-naranja antes que las hortalizas de tallos y hojas verdes. Se lograron identificar 6 patrones de consumo que se han denominado “los aliñeros” (25,5%), “los ensaladeros” (13,4%), “los tradicionales” (31,4%), “los fruteros” (23,5%), “los no consumidores de frutas” (2,9%) y “los no consumidores de hortalizas” (3,3%).Conclusiones: Los hallazgos clasifican los distintos patrones de consumo de FyH encontrados, según algunas variables relevantes como tipo de alimento, cantidad consumida y color y forma de la fruta u hortaliza. Adicionalmente, ningún patrón se caracterizó por cumplir con las recomendaciones de consumo de FyH, siendo insuficientes en variedad y cantidad

Co‐occurrence and clustering of sedentary behaviors, diet, sugar‐sweetened beverages, and alcohol intake among adolescents and adults: The latin american nutrition and health study (elans)

Poor diet, sedentary behaviors, sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) and alcohol intake seem to co‐exist in complex ways that are not well understood. The aim of this study was to provide an understanding of the extent to which unhealthy behaviors cluster in eight Latin America countries. A secondary aim was to identify socio‐demographic characteristics associated with these behaviors by country. Data from adolescents and adults from the “Latin American Health and Nutrition Study” was used and the prevalence of screen‐time, occupational and transportation–sedentary time, socializing with friends, poor diet, SSB and alcohol intake, alone and in combination, were identified. The eight Latin America (LA) countries added to analyses were: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between ≥2 behaviors clustering, socio‐demographics and weight status. Among 9218 individuals, the most prevalent behaviors were transportation and occupation–sedentary time, SSB and alcohol intake. Younger, female, married/living with a partner, low and middle‐income and obese individuals had higher chances for these clustering behaviors. These results provide a multi-country level of understanding of the extent to which behaviors co‐occur in the LA population.University of San FranciscoRevisión por pare

Intake of Vitamin E and C in Women of Reproductive Age: Results from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS)

Vitamin E was identified as a lipophilic compound essential to maintain rat pregnancy. Low vitamin E intake during early pregnancy associates with congenital malformations and embryonic loss in animals and with miscarriage and intrauterine growth restriction in humans. Vitamin E protects cell membranes from lipoperoxidation and exerts non-antioxidant activities. Its function can be restored by vitamin C; thus, intake and circulating levels of both micronutrients are frequently analyzed together. Although substantial vitamin E inadequacy was reported worldwide, its consumption in Latin America (LatAm) is mostly unknown. Using data from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y Salud, ELANS), we evaluated vitamin E and C intake in women of reproductive age (WRA) from eight LatAm countries and identified their main food sources. Two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls in 3704 women aged from 15 to 49 years and living in urban locations showed low average intake of vitamin E (7.9 mg/day vs. estimated average requirement (EAR) of 12 mg/day) and adequate overall vitamin C consumption (95.5 mg/day vs. EAR of 60 mg/day). The mean regional inadequacy was 89.6% for vitamin E and 36.3% for vitamin C. The primary food sources of vitamin E were fats and oils, as well as vegetables. Vitamin C intake was explained mainly by the consumption of fruit juices, fruits, and vegetables. Combined deficient intake of both vitamins was observed in 33.7% of LatAm women. Although the implications of low antioxidant vitamins' consumption in WRA are still unclear, the combined deficient intake of both vitamins observed in one-third of ELANS participants underscores the need for further research on this topic.Coca Cola Company///Estados UnidosHospital Infantil Sabará///BrazilInternational Life Science Institute//ILSI/ArgentinaUniversidad de Costa Rica//UCR/Costa RicaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile///ChilePontificia Universidad Javeriana///ColombiaUniversidad Central de Venezuela//UCV/VenezuelaUniversidad San Francisco de Quito///EcuadorInstituto de Investigación Nutricional de Perú///PerúUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Medicin

Association between built environment and physical activity in Latin American countries: a multicentre cross-sectional study

Abstract Objective: To assess the association between the physical activity level and the built environment by accessibility, microinfrastructure and security in Latin America (LA). Design: We conducted a multicentre cross-sectional study to collect physical activity and built environment data. The levels of physical activity were calculated through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire survey. Using the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale-Abbreviated, characteristics of the built environment were measured through three domains: accessibility, microinfrastructure and security. To estimate the association of the built environment and physical activity, we used mixed effects logistic regression analysis. In addition, likelihood ratio test to account for clustered effect within countries and/or cities was used. Setting: Eight countries in LA. Participants: Adults aged 15-65 years (n=9218) living in urban areas and consented to participate of the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health. Results: Most of the population in LA had access to a grocery store (97.2%), public transport stop (91.5%) and children's playground (81.6%). Metropolitan parks were more accessible in Ecuador (59.8%) and Colombia (59.2%) than in Venezuela (33.5%). Individuals located within 20 min of walking from sport facilities or children's playground areas were more likely to perform moderate-to-high physical activity OR 1.20 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.36) and OR 1.25 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.53), respectively. Only 14.5% of the population from the region considered that their neighbourhood had an adequate design for walking or cycling. Likewise, among adults living in LA, only 39.75% had the perception of living in a safe neighbourhood. Conclusions: This multicentre study shows that currently, LA built environment does not promote physical activity in the region. Our findings provide the rationale to push forward, at regional and national levels, policies and interventions that will help to achieve a safe, healthy and friendly built environment to encourage participation in active recreation and sports in leisure time.Coca Cola Company/[]//Estados UnidosHospital Infantil Sabará/[]//BrazilInternational Life Science Institute/[]/ILSI/ArgentinaUniversidad de Costa Rica/[]/UCR/Costa RicaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile/[]//ChilePontificia Universidad Javeriana/[]//ColombiaUniversidad Central de Venezuela/[]/UCV/VenezuelaUniversidad San Francisco de Quito/[]//EcuadorInstituto de Investigación Nutricional de Perú/[]//PerúUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Medicin

Relationship between socio-demographic correlates and human development index with physical activity and sedentary time in a cross-sectional multicenter study

© The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativeco mmons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.Background: Socio-demographic correlates and human development index (HDI) are associated with self-reported physical activity, but only a few studies have focused on device-measured physical activity and sedentary time in Latin America. We examined the relationship between socio-demographic correlates and HDI with physical activity and sedentary time in a cross-sectional study. Methods: We based our analyses on 2522 (53.1% women; 18-65 years [mean age 38.3 years]) adults drawn from the eight Latin America countries. Physical activity (light, moderate, vigorous, and moderate-to-vigorous intensity and steps) and sedentary time were assessed using Actigraph GT3X + accelerometers. Sex, age, and race/ethnicity were self-reported. The HDI country information was obtained from the United Nations Development Program. Results: For the age, ethnicity, vigorous physical activity and steps/day, there were significant differences between high and very high HDI countries. Women and younger age presented lower sedentary time than men and older. In moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, we found lower duration in women (-13.4 min/week), younger age (-0.1 min/week), and white/caucasian (-2.7 min/week) than men, older ages and mixed ethnicity. Women (-1266.5 steps/week) and very high HDI (-847.3 steps/week) presented lower steps than men and high HDI. Black (2853.9 steps/week), other (1785.4 steps/week), and white/caucasian ethnicity (660.6 steps/week) showed higher steps than mixed ethnicity. Conclusions: Different socio-demographic correlates are associated with physical activity intensity; however, HDI is associated with vigorous physical activity and steps in the Latin American region, which can in turn guide policies to promote physical activity in the region.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Energy imbalance gap, anthropometric measures, lifestyle, and sociodemographic correlates in Latin American adults. Results from the ELANS study

Overweight and obesity are often explained by an imbalance between energy intake and ex penditure. This, in addition to metabolic effects, makes it difficult to assess the real state of individual energy balance. This study aims to analyze the energy gaps between intake and expenditure in the adult population of Latin America, as well as its relationships with sociodemographic variables and nutrition status, to draw an epidemiological perspective based on the trends observed. The energy imbalance gap was used to this end. The difference between energy intake and expenditure can be applied as a reference to explain whether weight equilibrium can prevent weight gain. Moreover, the energy imbalance gap allows for a better understanding of the design of public health policies. Using data from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health, the energy imbalance gap in adult population from eight Latin-American countries was assessed in 5994 subjects aged from 19–65. Usual dietary intake was measured using two non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. The sociodemographic questionnaire was supplemented by anthropometric measurements. Physical activity was measured through the long International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Energy expenditure was obtained using the basal metabolic rate. For the overall sample, the mean energy intake was 1939.1 kcal (95% CI: 1926.9; 1951.3), the mean of energy expenditure was 1915.7 kcal (95% CI: 1906.4; 1924.9), and the mean of energy imbalance gap was 23.4 kcal (95% CI: 11.9; 35.0). Results show that energy intake and expenditure were higher in men. Moreover, subjects aged 19–34, of high socioeconomic level, who completed high school, were mestizos and were of normal weight consumed the highest number of calories. Overall, a positive energy imbalance gap was observed. Overweight and obese from Argentina, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela showed a significantly lower energy imbalance gap than underweight subjects. These findings confirm the high variability of energy imbalance gap and the accompanying correlates of energy intake and expenditure. Further research is needed to specifically address interventions in low and middle-income countries such as many in Latin America, to help reduce the prevalence of obesity and eradicate undernutritionCoca Cola Company///Instituto Pensi/Hospital Infantil Sabara///BrasilInternational Life Science Institute of Argentina///ArgentinaUniversidad de Costa Rica//UCR/Costa RicaPontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile///ChilePontificia Universidad Javeriana///ColombiaUniversidad Central de Venezuela///VenezuelaUniversidad San Francisco de Quito///EcuadorInstituto de Investigación Nutricional from Perú///PerúUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Medicin

Correlation between Neck Cricumference and Other Anthropometric Measurements in Eight Latin American Countries. Results from ELANS Study

Abstract Neck circumference (NC) is being used to identify the risk of chronic diseases. There is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Latin America, and neck circumference is a simple and practical measurement to assess this, especially in primary health centers. We analyzed the correlation between the NC anthropometric indicator and other anthropometric measurements such as BMI and waist circumference (WC) in eight Latin American cities. We applied Pearson's correlation to identify the correlate NC with the other anthropometric variables stratified by sex; the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) by sex were evaluated according to the cut-off established with the Youden Index. The strongest correlations between NC and WC were found when stratified by sex (women: r = 0.71; men: r = 0.69, respectively) followed by the correlation between NC and BMI (r = 0.65, both sex). NC cut-off points of 39.0 cm in men and 32.9 cm in women identified those individuals with an increased WC and 39.8 and 33.7 cm, respectively, for a substantial increase in WC. For BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 for men, the cut-off point was 37.5 cm, and for women, it was 33.1 cm, and for BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, the cut-off points were 39.2 and 34.2 cm, for men and women, respectively. Conclusion: NC proved to be a useful, practical, and inexpensive tool that can be used to identify, evaluate, and monitor overweight and obese individuals.Coca Cola Company///Estados UnidosFerrero///ItaliaHospital Infantil Sabará///BrazilInternational Life Science Institute//ILSI/ArgentinaUniversidad de Costa Rica//UCR/Costa RicaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile///ChilePontificia Universidad Javeriana///ColombiaUniversidad Central de Venezuela//UCV/VenezuelaUniversidad San Francisco de Quito///EcuadorInstituto de Investigación Nutricional de Perú///PerúUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Medicin

Childbearing age women characteristics in Latin America. Building evidence bases for early prevention. Results from the ELANS Study

Latin American (LA) women have been exposed to demographic and epidemiologic changes that have transformed their lifestyle, with increasing sedentary and unhealthy eating behaviors. We aimed to identify characteristics of LA women to inform public policies that would benefit these women and their future children. The Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS) is a multicenter cross-sectional study of representative samples in eight Latin American countries (n = 9218) with a standardized protocol to investigate dietary intake, anthropometric variables, physical activity, and socioeconomic characteristics. Here we included the subsample of all 3254 women of childbearing age (15 to <45 years). The majority of ELANS women had a low socioeconomic status (53.5%), had a basic education level (56.4%), had a mostly sedentary lifestyle (61.1%), and were overweight or obese (58.7%). According to the logistic multiple regression model, living in Peru and Ecuador predicts twice the risk of being obese, and an increased neck circumference is associated with a 12-fold increased obesity risk. An increased obesity risk was also predicted by age <19 years (Relative Risk (RR) 19.8) and adequate consumption of vitamin D (RR 2.12) and iron (RR 1.3). In conclusion, the identification of these risk predictors of obesity among Latin American women may facilitate targeted prevention strategies focusing on high-risk groups to promote the long-term health of women and their children.Coca Cola Company/[]//Estados UnidosHospital Infantil Sabará/[]//BrazilInternational Life Science Institute/[]/ILSI/ArgentinaUniversidad de Costa Rica/[]/UCR/Costa RicaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile/[]//ChilePontificia Universidad Javeriana/[]//ColombiaUniversidad Central de Venezuela/[]/UCV/VenezuelaUniversidad San Francisco de Quito/[]//EcuadorInstituto de Investigación Nutricional de Perú/[]//PerúUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Medicin