Evaluación del índice de geoacumulación de algunos metales pesados en suelos de cultivo de hortalizas en la ribera del río Bogotá

O aumento da população e, consequentemente, a alta demanda nos processos de industrialização dediferentes complexidades, causaram diversos problemas ambientais, como o aumento da concentraçãode metais pesados, que causam diversos efeitos na saúde, em diferentes matrizes ambientais,principalmente a água que Geralmente é o primeiro destino para o despejo, a água que, particularmenteno caso colombiano, é usada para irrigação em solos cultivados. Nesse sentido, neste estudo, foramanalisados solos cultivados nos municípios de Sibaté, Tenjo, Mosquera, Facatativá, Siberia, nodepartamento de Cundinamarca, e na cidade de Bosa, na cidade de Bogotá, Colômbia, influenciadapelo leito do rio. do rio Bogotá, medindo as concentrações de cromo, cádmio, chumbo e níquel porespectrofotometria de absorção atômica com forno de grafite. Para avaliar o grau de contaminação,calculou-se o índice de geoacumulação, constatando que os solos são classificados como moderados eextremamente contaminados, principalmente no teor de cromo em todas as áreas amostradas e chumboe cádmio na área de Sibaté. Recomenda-se analisar o conteúdo em vegetais para avaliar o efeito nascadeias alimentares.O aumento da população e, consequentemente, a alta demanda nos processos de industrialização de diferentes complexidades, causaram diversos problemas ambientais, como o aumento da concentração de metais pesados, que causam diversos efeitos na saúde, em diferentes matrizes ambientais, principalmente a água que Geralmente é o primeiro destino para o despejo, a água que, particularmente no caso colombiano, é usada para irrigação em solos cultivados. Nesse sentido, neste estudo, foram analisados ​​solos cultivados nos municípios de Sibaté, Tenjo, Mosquera, Facatativá Siberia, no departamento de Cundinamarca, e na cidade de Bosa, na cidade de Bogotá, Colômbia, influenciada pelo leito do rio. do rio Bogotá, medindo as concentrações de cromo, cádmio, chumbo e níquel por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica com forno de grafite. Para avaliar o grau de contaminação, calculou-se o índice de geoacumulação, constatando que os solos são classificados como moderados e extremamente contaminados, principalmente no teor de cromo em todas as áreas amostradas e chumbo e cádmio na área de Sibaté. Recomenda-se analisar o conteúdo em vegetais para avaliar o efeito nas cadeias alimentares.El aumento poblacional y consecuentemente la alta demanda en los procesos de industrialización de diferentes complejidades, ha causado diversas problemáticas de carácter ambiental como el aumento en la concentración de metales pesados, que causan variados efectos sobre la salud, en diferentes matrices ambientales, particularmente agua que constituye por lo general el primer destino de vertimientos, agua que particularmente en el caso colombiano es usada para riego en suelos de cultivo. De acuerdo a esto, en el presente estudio se analizaron suelos de cultivo de los municipios de Sibaté, Tenjo, Mosquera, Facatativá, Siberia, en el departamento de Cundinamarca, y la localidad de Bosa de la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia, influenciados por el cauce del río Bogotá, midiendo las concentraciones de cromo, cadmio, plomo y níquel por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica con horno de grafito. Para evaluar el grado de contaminación se calculó el índice de geoacumulación, encontrando que los suelos están clasificados como moderada y extremadamente contaminados, particularmente en contenidos de cromo en todas las zonas de muestreo estudiadas, y de plomo y cadmio en la zona de Sibaté. Se recomienda analizar los contenidos en vegetales para evaluar el efecto en las cadenas tróficas

Techno functional characterization of green-extracted soluble fibre from orange by-product

[EN] This work studies the techno-functional properties of the spray dried water-soluble extracts from orange pomace, obtained from different green extraction technologies. Orange pomace, a by-product from the juice production industry, was used for soluble fibre extraction. Starting from pomace, four extraction procedures were assayed: hot water, extrusion + hot water, jet cooker and jet cooker + hot water. After treatments, the supernatant was spray dried with whey protein isolate to obtain soluble fibre enriched powders. Microstructure by field emission scanning electron microscopy, color, particle size, moisture content, hydration properties, foaming capacity and stability, rheology, and glass transition temperatures were assayed. All powders exhibited an orange shade. In microstructure, particle size, and glass transition temperature, the powder obtained from extrusion + hot water presented a different behavior from the other powders: less caking and agglomeration, and smaller particles. Also, this powder showed the highest foaming stability and viscosity, as well as glass transition temperature, properties that make it interesting for the food industry. Through valorization of orange pomace fiber-enriched powders could be obtained; these powders can be used as ingredients in the industry to address the fibre gap and provide technological functionalities.This work was supported by the National Research and Innovation Agency (ANII) , Uruguay, under code POS_EXT_2018_1_154449.Perez-Pirotto, C.; Moraga Ballesteros, G.; Quiles Chuliá, MD.; Hernando Hernando, MI.; Cozzano, S.; Arcia, P. (2022). Techno functional characterization of green-extracted soluble fibre from orange by-product. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 166:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2022.1137651816

Multivariable relationships between autonomic nervous system related indices in hyperbaric environments

The main aim of this work is to model the relationships between parameters extracted from the heart rate variability (HRV) signal, which is derived from the electrocardiogram (ECG), at different stages of a simulated immersion in a hyperbaric chamber. The response of the Autonomic Nervous System is known to be affected by changes in atmospheric pressure, reflected in changes in the HRV signal. A dataset consisting of ECG signals from 17 subjects exposed to a controlled hyperbaric environment, simulating depths from 0 m to 40 m, was used. Both linear and nonlinear dependences of HRV parameters were analysed using linear regression and Mutual Information (entropy-based) techniques. Furthermore, relationships between parameters of the HRV signals, biophysical variables of the subjects, and atmospheric pressure changes were characterized by artificial neural networks. In particular, self-organizing maps (SOM) were trained for modelling and clustering all the data. In the mid-term, these models could be the basis to create predictive models of HRV parameters at high depths in order to increase the safety for divers by warning them if some abnormal body response could be expected just by processing the ECG signal at sea level before immersion

Electrical Response Analysis of a Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Power Source Based on Electromechanical Parameters

A piezoelectric energy harvester generator is a device capable of transforming environmental mechanical energy into electrical energy. The piezoelectric electromechanical parameters determine the maximum electrical power which is able to be transferred to an electric load. In this research work, an exhaustive study of the electromechanical parameters related to the piezoelectric material is carried out, modeling them as components of an electrical circuit, in order to analyze their influence on the transmitted power. On the other hand, some electrical loads are simulated to determine different matrix scenarios for a model developed by state-space equations in the Laplace transform domain. The results obtained have allowed to know how the piezoelectric material properties and mechanical characteristics influence the electrical power output of the energy harvester generator and the energy transmission behavior for different electric loads. The conclusions show how the different electromechanical parameters are related to each other, and how their combination transforms the mechanical environmental energy into the required electrical energy. The novelty of this research is the presentation of a model capable of obtaining the optimized working point of the harvester, taking into account not only the electric loads and current demands but also the piezoelectric material parameters.This research was funded by the European Commission, grant number 869884-RECLAIM

Manejo en bancos de germoplasma: estrategia para la ruptura de dormición de semillas de leguminosas

La gestión de los bancos de germoplasma mediante la conservación de semillas se encuentra en ocasiones con dificultades técnicas que pueden llegar a hacer su tarea poco eficiente. Una de esas dificultades puede ser el llevar a cabo los ensayos de viabilidad de las semillas de forma que los resultados se acerquen lo más posible a la verdadera situación de los lotes estudiados. Este aspecto tiene especial importancia en aquellos casos en los que las semillas presentan dormición. Una característica de las semillas de especies de la familia Fabaceae es presentar cubiertas duras. En estos casos la estrategia a aplicar se basa en utilizar tratamientos de escarificación. Sin embargo, en ocasiones, la variabilidad dentro de un lote de semillas y entre lotes (por ejemplo distintas poblaciones de una misma especie) puede ser muy elevada. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la variabilidad de la dureza de las cubiertas seminales entre cuatro poblaciones de cada una de estas especies: Medicago polymorpha, Trifolium glomeratum y T. subterraneum. Estas especies presentan además semillas de muy pequeño tamaño que dificultan los tratamientos de escarificación. Se utilizaron diversos tratamientos de escarificación que incluían el lijado de las semillas y tratamientos térmicos (frío, calor o cambios bruscos de temperatura). Los mejores tratamientos variaron con las especies y se pudo determinar aquellos que dieron los mejores resultados en las cuatro poblaciones estudiadas, de forma que la germinación aumentó desde un 0-10 % de las semillas control a 84-100 % en las escarificadas. Mediante el equipo Texture Analyzer TAXTPLUS se midió la dureza de las semillas, en relación a su resistencia a la rotura. Se observó una gran variabilidad dentro de cada población y entre poblaciones. La contribución en la reducción de la dureza de las cubiertas del mejor tratamiento de escarificación varió entre especies y entre poblaciones. Se discute la utilidad del estudio previo de la dureza de las semillas para determinar el mejor tratamiento a emplear. Agradecimientos: Proyecto RF2012-00014-C02-0

Primer registro de digitonthophagus gazella (fabricius, 1787) para el departamento de sucre, Colombia

Lack knowledge of dung beetles of Sucre’s department is possessed, so they were carried out a series of samplings to estimate the diversity of these. They were carried out 4 collections between june and august 2008, in an area used for the cattle-raising and agriculture located in the Serranía de Coraza, Colosó – Sucre. Using two types of traps: pitfall traps and flight interception, supplemented with manual capture. 44 individuals of Digitonthophagus gazella were captured. This constitutes the first report for the department of Sucre (Colombia).Se posee poca información de la fauna de escarabajos coprófagos del departamento de Sucre, por lo que se llevaron a cabo una serie de muestreos para estimar la diversidad de estos. Se realizaron 4 colectas entre los meses de junio y agosto de 2008, en un área empleada para la ganadería y la agricultura ubicada en la serranía de Coraza, Colosó – Sucre. Se utilizaron dos tipos de trampas: de caída y de interceptación de vuelo, complementado con captura manual. Se capturaron 44 individuos de Digitonthophagus gazella, este constituye el primer reporte para el departamento de Sucre (Colombia)

Supervision of milk coagulation with scatter red LED light

For cheese production clotting time is prederteminated using a proteolytic enzyme titulation test (Chamorro and Losada 2002). Thus an expert operator decides the optimum cutting time (always delayed compared to clotting time) based on his own subjective evaluation of textural and visual properties of the curd (Castillo et al. 2000). Expert judgment usually gives acceptable results, yet variability in the optimal assessment of cutting time leads to affects further cheese processing operations (pressing and ripening). The aforementioned reasons suggest the importance of an objective and non-destructive method to determinate optimal cutting time, which would allow indeed the automatic supervision of the cheese clotting process. The goal of this work is a prospective study for the supervision of milk coagulation with scatter red LED light

A comparative analysis of costs of single and dual rapid HIV and syphilis diagnostics: results from a randomised controlled trial in Colombia.

BACKGROUND: HIV and congenital syphilis are major public health burdens contributing to substantial perinatal morbidity and mortality globally. Although studies have reported on the costs and cost-effectiveness of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for syphilis screening within antenatal care in a number of resource-constrained settings, empirical evidence on country-specific cost and estimates of single RDTs compared with dual RDTs for HIV and syphilis are limited. METHODS: A cluster randomised controlled study design was used to compare the incremental costs of two testing algorithms: (1) single RDTs for HIV and syphilis and (2) dual RDTs for HIV and syphilis, in 12 health facilities in Bogota and Cali, Colombia. The costs of single HIV and syphilis RDTs and dual HIV and syphilis RDTs were collected from each of the health facilities. The economic costs per woman tested for HIV and syphilis and costs per woman treated for syphilis defined as the total costs required to test and treat one woman for syphilis were estimated. RESULTS: A total of 2214 women were tested in the study facilities. Cost per pregnant woman tested and cost per woman treated for syphilis were US$10.26 and US$607.99, respectively in the single RDT arm. For the dual RDTs, the cost per pregnant woman tested for HIV and syphilis and cost per woman treated for syphilis were US$15.89 and US$1859.26, respectively. Overall costs per woman tested for HIV and syphilis and cost per woman treated for syphilis were lower in Cali compared with Bogota across both intervention arms. Staff costs accounted for the largest proportion of costs while treatment costs comprised <1% of the preventive programme. CONCLUSIONS: Findings show lower average costs for single RDTs compared with dual RDTs with costs sensitive to personnel costs and the scale of output at the health facilities. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02454816; results

The effect of three liquid bio-fertilizers in the production of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) and cabbage (brassica oleracea l. var. capitata

In modern agriculture, the use of agrochemicals has grown considerably, increasing production costs and causing serious problems for the environment. The use of bio-fertilizers is a viable alternative to improve the profitability of crops, particularly for agriculture on medium and small-sized farms with intensive production systems, such as vegetables. Given that bio-fertilizers can be produced on the farm and used successfully in crop production, this research focused on the effect of three bio-fertilizers on the production of lettuce and cabbage, biweekly applications were made with liquid fertilizers produced from the manure of cows (BFC), guinea pigs (BFGp) and pigs (BFPi) and compared to a commercial foliar fertilizer (CFF) and a control without an application. We observed the presence of Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces in the BFC and BFGp fertilizers and Bacillus in the BFPi fertilizer. The weight and head diameter and yield of lettuce and cabbage favored the bio-fertilizer applications compared to the control, but no statistical differences were found compared to the commercial foliar fertilizer (CFF). This behavior is attributed not only to the mineral content, but also to the presence of metabolite regulators of plant physiology, produced by the microbial action of the bio-fertilizers