RECURSOS GENÉTICOS DE ANONÁCEAS (Annonaceae) EN MÉXICO: SITUACIÓN ACTUAL Y PERSPECTIVAS

Sweetsops (Annonaceae) are found within the most primitive plants among angiosperms, their origin is tropical with distribution in both hemispheres. In México, they are found in the Central, Gulf and Pacific states, and their uses for food, therapy, agroecosystem conservation and insecticide are recognized. The Annona L. genus presents 15 species and greater agronomic potential in México. Through the Annonaceae Mexican Network, certain species have been collected, conserved and characterized, such as A. muricata, A. cherimola, A. diversifolia, and A. squamosa, which are cultivated and conserved in commercial and backyard gardens, and protected natural areas. There is a collection of more than 381 accessions distributed in banks from the Salvador Sánchez Colín Foundation in Coatepec Harinas, Estado de México, the Instituto Tecnológico de Cd. Altamirano in Guerrero, the Experimental Field in Santiago Ixcuintla and Cotaxtla in Nayarit and Veracruz, respectively, and Universidad Veracruzana in Actopan, Veracruz. Annonaceae in México have been scarcely explored, however, because of their diversity of uses, they are placed as alternative crops to fruit trees that have lost economic profitability.Las anonáceas (Annonaceae) se ubican dentro las plantas más primitivas de las angiospermas, su origen es tropical con distribución en ambos hemisferios. En México se localizan en los estados del Centro, Golfo y Pacifico y se reconocen usos alimenticios, terapéuticos, conservación de agroecosistemas e insecticidas. El género Annona L., presenta 15 especies y mayor potencial agronómico en México. A través de la Red Mexicana de Anonáceas, se han recolectado, conservado y caracterizado especies tales como, A. muricata, A. cherimola, A. diversifolia, y A. squamosa las cuales se cultivan y conservan en huertos comerciales, traspatio y áreas naturales protegidas. Se tiene una colección de más de 381 accesiones distribuidas en bancos de la Fundación Salvador Sánchez Colín en Coatepec Harinas, Estado de México, el Instituto Tecnológico de Cd. Altamirano en Guerrero, Campo Experimental Santiago Ixcuintla y Cotaxtla en Nayarit y Veracruz, respectivamente, y Universidad Veracruzana en Actopan, Veracruz. Las anonáceas en México han sido poco exploradas, sin embargo, por su diversidad de usos se ubican como cultivos alternos a frutales que han perdido rentabilidad económica

TOXICIDAD DE INSECTICIDAS EN ESCAMA BLANCA (Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) DEL MANGO (Mangifera indica L.).

White scale (Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead) has become a serious problem in mango cultivation (Mangifera indica L.), provoking a reduction in photosynthesis and cosmetic damage on the fruit which affects its exports. The toxicity of different insecticides was evaluated, to have more chemical alternatives in this insect’s control. A completely random design with four repetitions under laboratory conditions was used. Two toxicity evaluations were performed against females at 3 and 24 h after application, and in males it was evaluated at 3 h after application. The doses of propylene glycol monolaurate (1175.4 and 2357.9 mg kg-1) and mineral oil (2940 and 3920 mg kg-1) caused mortality in females of 100 % and 98 %, respectively. The CL50 of cypermethrin (23.49 mg kg-1) and mineral oil (368.6 mg kg-1) in females was lower than the doses evaluated in the study. The mineral oil with a dose of 3920 mg kg-1 controlled 60 % in males with CL50 of 1418 mg kg-1. The best products both for males and females were mineral oil and propylene glycol monolaurate.La escama blanca (Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead) se ha convertido en un problema serio en el cultivo del mango (Mangifera indica L.), provocando reducción en la fotosíntesis y daño cosmético a la fruta afectando su exportación. Se evaluó la toxicidad de diferentes insecticidas para contar con mayores alternativas químicas en el control de este insecto. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Se realizaron dos evaluaciones de toxicidad contra hembras a las 3 y 24 h después de la aplicación, en machos se evaluó a las 3 h de la aplicación. Las dosis de monolaurato de propilenglicol (1175.4 y 2357.9 mg kg-1) y aceite mineral (2940 y 3920 mg kg-1) causaron mortalidad en hembras de 100% y 98%, respectivamente. La CL50 de cipermetrina (23.49 mg kg-1) y aceite mineral (368.6 mg kg-1) en hembras fue inferior a las dosis evaluadas en el estudio. El aceite mineral con dosis de 3920 mg kg-1 controló 60% en machos con CL50 de 1418 mg kg-1. Los mejores productos tanto para machos como hembras fueron el aceite mineral y monolaurato de propilenglicol

Early life risk factors and their cumulative effects as predictors of overweight in Spanish children

Objectives: To explore early life risk factors of overweight/obesity at age 6 years and their cumulative effects on overweight/obesity at ages 2, 4 and 6 years. Methods: Altogether 1031 Spanish children were evaluated at birth and during a 6-year follow-up. Early life risk factors included: parental overweight/obesity, parental origin/ethnicity, maternal smoking during pregnancy, gestational weight gain, gestational age, birth weight, caesarean section, breastfeeding practices and rapid infant weight gain collected via hospital records. Cumulative effects were assessed by adding up those early risk factors that significantly increased the risk of overweight/obesity. We conducted binary logistic regression models. Results: Rapid infant weight gain (OR 2.29, 99% CI 1.54–3.42), maternal overweight/obesity (OR 1.93, 99% CI 1.27–2.92), paternal overweight/obesity (OR 2.17, 99% CI 1.44–3.28), Latin American/Roma origin (OR 3.20, 99% CI 1.60–6.39) and smoking during pregnancy (OR 1.61, 99% CI 1.01–2.59) remained significant after adjusting for confounders. A higher number of early life risk factors accumulated was associated with overweight/obesity at age 6 years but not at age 2 and 4 years. Conclusions: Rapid infant weight gain, parental overweight/obesity, maternal smoking and origin/ethnicity predict childhood overweight/obesity and present cumulative effects. Monitoring children with rapid weight gain and supporting a healthy parental weight are important for childhood obesity prevention

RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true

Seguimiento de las guías españolas para el manejo del asma por el médico de atención primaria: un estudio observacional ambispectivo

Objetivo Evaluar el grado de seguimiento de las recomendaciones de las versiones de la Guía española para el manejo del asma (GEMA 2009 y 2015) y su repercusión en el control de la enfermedad. Material y métodos Estudio observacional y ambispectivo realizado entre septiembre del 2015 y abril del 2016, en el que participaron 314 médicos de atención primaria y 2.864 pacientes. Resultados Utilizando datos retrospectivos, 81 de los 314 médicos (25, 8% [IC del 95%, 21, 3 a 30, 9]) comunicaron seguir las recomendaciones de la GEMA 2009. Al inicio del estudio, 88 de los 314 médicos (28, 0% [IC del 95%, 23, 4 a 33, 2]) seguían las recomendaciones de la GEMA 2015. El tener un asma mal controlada (OR 0, 19, IC del 95%, 0, 13 a 0, 28) y presentar un asma persistente grave al inicio del estudio (OR 0, 20, IC del 95%, 0, 12 a 0, 34) se asociaron negativamente con tener un asma bien controlada al final del seguimiento. Por el contrario, el seguimiento de las recomendaciones de la GEMA 2015 se asoció de manera positiva con una mayor posibilidad de que el paciente tuviera un asma bien controlada al final del periodo de seguimiento (OR 1, 70, IC del 95%, 1, 40 a 2, 06). Conclusiones El escaso seguimiento de las guías clínicas para el manejo del asma constituye un problema común entre los médicos de atención primaria. Un seguimiento de estas guías se asocia con un control mejor del asma. Existe la necesidad de actuaciones que puedan mejorar el seguimiento por parte de los médicos de atención primaria de las guías para el manejo del asma. Objective: To assess the degree of compliance with the recommendations of the 2009 and 2015 versions of the Spanish guidelines for managing asthma (Guía Española para el Manejo del Asma [GEMA]) and the effect of this compliance on controlling the disease. Material and methods: We conducted an observational ambispective study between September 2015 and April 2016 in which 314 primary care physicians and 2864 patients participated. Results: Using retrospective data, we found that 81 of the 314 physicians (25.8%; 95% CI 21.3–30.9) stated that they complied with the GEMA2009 recommendations. At the start of the study, 88 of the 314 physicians (28.0%; 95% CI 23.4–33.2) complied with the GEMA2015 recommendations. Poorly controlled asthma (OR, 0.19; 95% CI 0.13–0.28) and persistent severe asthma at the start of the study (OR, 0.20; 95% CI 0.12–0.34) were negatively associated with having well-controlled asthma by the end of the follow-up. In contrast, compliance with the GEMA2015 recommendations was positively associated with a greater likelihood that the patient would have well-controlled asthma by the end of the follow-up (OR, 1.70; 95% CI 1.40–2.06). Conclusions: Low compliance with the clinical guidelines for managing asthma is a common problem among primary care physicians. Compliance with these guidelines is associated with better asthma control. Actions need to be taken to improve primary care physician compliance with the asthma management guidelines

Gaia Early Data Release 3: acceleration of the solar system from Gaia astrometry

Stars and planetary system

Gaia early data release 3: summary of the contents and survey properties (Corrigendum)

ERRATUMThis article is an erratum for:[https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039657]​​​​​​​Instrumentatio

Gaia Early Data Release 3: the Gaia catalogue of nearby stars

Stars and planetary system

Gaia early data release 3: structure and properties of the Magellanic Clouds

Galaxie

Gaia Early Data Release 3: the Galactic anticentre

Stars and planetary system