Location Aided Cooperative Detection of Primary User Emulation Attacks in Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks Using Nonparametric Techniques

Primary user emulation (PUE) attacks are a major security challenge to cognitive wireless sensor networks (CWSNs). In this paper, we propose two variants of the PUE attack, namely, the relay and replay attacks. Such threats are conducted by malicious nodes that replicate the transmissions of a real primary user (PU), thus making them resilient to many defensive procedures. However, we show that those PUE attacks can be effectively detected by a set of cooperating secondary users (SUs), using location information and received signal strength (RSS) measurements. Two strategies for the detection of PUE relay and replay attacks are presented in the paper: parametric and nonparametric. The parametric scheme is based on the likelihood ratio test (LRT) and requires the existence of a precise path loss model for the observed RSS values. On the contrary, the nonparametric procedure is not tied to any particular propagation model; so, it does not require any calibration process and is robust to changing environmental conditions. Simulations show that the nonparametric detection approach is comparable in performance to the LRT under moderate shadowing conditions, specially in case of replay attacks

Creación de un clúster de computación científica basado en FPGAs de bajo coste y consumo

En este trabajo se presenta la construcción de un clúster basado en FPGAs de bajo consumo energético y coste, capaz de ejecutar programas de alta complejidad, en el mismo o en menor tiempo que una estación de trabajo de mucho mayor coste y consumo. En la actualidad ya existen clústeres de este tipo, pero lo que diferencia al nuestro es que se han utilizado placas con FPGAs de bajas prestaciones y que se ha utilizado OpenCL como lenguaje de programación para acelerar la ejecución de los programas. Estas placas son las DE1-SOC de Altera y se caracterizan, aparte de por su bajo coste y consumo, por ser capaces de ejecutar un sistema operativo de base UNIX/Linux en su hard-core, un procesador ARM Cortex-A9 de dos núcleos. Sin embargo, las imágenes de UNIX/Linux disponibles tanto oficiales como no oficiales, presentan problemas de configuración o limitaciones. Debido a esto, se ha generado una imagen personalizada basada en Debian 8 y se ha instalado en ella el software necesario para poder ejecutar códigos escritos en OpenCL y compilados con el Kit de desarrollo de software de Intel para FPGAs. Se ha elegido esta distribución por ser muy utilizada, robusta y actualizada. Además, se ha realizado una comparativa de los tiempos de ejecución, coste y consumo energético resultado de ejecutar un conjunto de 5 benchmarks, que hemos implementado en C y OpenCL, entre el clúster y una estación de trabajo o Workstation de altas prestaciones. Aunque en algunos casos los tiempos de ejecución de la Workstation han sido menores que los del clúster, el bajo consumo y coste de este último hace que su eficiencia energética sea mucho mejor que la de la Workstation y, por lo tanto, que sea una mejor opción

Location Aided Cooperative Detection of Primary User Emulation Attacks in Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks Using Nonparametric Techniques

Primary user emulation (PUE) attacks are a major security challenge to cognitive wireless sensor networks (CWSNs). In this paper, we propose two variants of the PUE attack, namely, the relay and replay attacks. Such threats are conducted by malicious nodes that replicate the transmissions of a real primary user (PU), thus making them resilient to many defensive procedures. However, we show that those PUE attacks can be effectively detected by a set of cooperating secondary users (SUs), using location information and received signal strength (RSS) measurements. Two strategies for the detection of PUE relay and replay attacks are presented in the paper: parametric and nonparametric. The parametric scheme is based on the likelihood ratio test (LRT) and requires the existence of a precise path loss model for the observed RSS values. On the contrary, the nonparametric procedure is not tied to any particular propagation model; so, it does not require any calibration process and is robust to changing environmental conditions. Simulations show that the nonparametric detection approach is comparable in performance to the LRT under moderate shadowing conditions, specially in case of replay attacks

Aprendiendo a formar a futuros profesionales

Esta memoria constituye el Trabajo de Fin de Máster del Máster Universitario en Profesorado en la especialidad de Procesos Químicos para Formación Profesional. En ella se recogen las experiencias, sensaciones, conocimientos y evolución a lo largo de este proceso de formación como docente. Para reflexionar sobre el mismo he seleccionado dos trabajos principales realizados en estos meses, el Proyecto de Innovación realizado durante el Practicum en el centro educativo y la Unidad Didáctica diseñada para varias de las asignaturas cursadas. Durante el desarrollo y a través de las distintas asignaturas del Máster he aprendido a innovar, programar y evaluar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje tanto de los alumnos como el mío propio

Desarrollo de embriones somáticos de alcornoque en biorreactores de inmersión temporal.

El sistema de inmersión temporal (SIT) se basa en el empleo de medio líquido y el establecimiento de ciclos de aporte y retirada del medio. Esto permite aprovechar las ventajas del medio líquido (favorece la absorción de nutrientes, el crecimiento del material vegetal y la dilución de los metabolitos excretados), al tiempo que reduce sus inconvenientes (suprime el contacto continuo de los explantos con el medio de cultivo, evitando los problemas de asfixia y vitrificación). Por otra parte el SIT facilita el control y el estudio de la nutrición en el cultivo in vitro y puede contribuir al desarrollo óptimo de los explantos. En este trabajo presentamos la puesta a punto de un SIT aplicado a la obtención de embriones somáticos de albaricoque

Levels and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soluble fraction of the atmospheric deposition in Cantabria (northern Spain)

The aim of this work is to assess the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soluble fraction of the bulk atmospheric deposition in four sites of a small region located in northern Spain (Cantabria). Samples were collected monthly for two years at an urban site (Santander), and for one year at an industrial (Maliaño), rural (Bárcena Mayor) and traffic (Cabezón de la Sal) sites. Samples were filtered and the filtrate was extracted, concentrated, purified and analysed for 15 PAHs: acenaphthylene (ACY), acenaphthene (ACE), fluorene (FLU), phenanthrene (PHE), anthracene (ANT), fluoranthene (FLA), pyrene (PYR), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), chrysene (CHR), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IcdP), dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DahA), and benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP). The highest deposition fluxes of PAHs were found at the industrial site (Maliaño); the total PAH fluxes at the other sites were similar. Box plots of the PAH levels found in the literature in wet and bulk deposition samples were used to compare the values observed in this work. FLA, BaA, PHE and PYR were the most abundant PAHs at the industrial site. At the urban and rural site, the profile found in the deposition samples was similar: PHE>FLA>BaA>PYR. The traffic site showed a different profile: PYR>ANT>FLU>FLA. A preliminary source identification study was made by calculating diagnostic ratios of some PAH isomers (FLA/(FLA+PYR) and BaA/(BaA+CHR)); these ratios were compared with those found for the main PAH industrial and non-industrial sources in the region.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) through the Projects CTM2010-16068 and CTM2013-43904R

Variability in prickly sow-thistle (Sonchus asper) from western Mediterranean region

We studied the morphological variability of Sonchus asper (L.) Hill in the western Mediterranean region by means of multivariate analysis. A two-step clustering method indicated that selection of a two-cluster model was optimal, with anther length and ligule length as the main characters contributing to cluster delimitation. These variables presented a general bimodal pattern of frequency distribution, denoting the presence of two floral morphotypes in the complex that, although partially sympatric, seem to show distinct geographical ranges and important differences in their reproductive systems. In addition, a preliminary karyological analysis yielded differences in chromosome morphology between the two morphs. Possible taxonomic implications of this variability are discussed. We propose the segregation of plants showing different flower morphotype as different taxa at specific level: large-flowered plants should be designated as Sonchus nymanni Tineo & Guss. in Guss., while small-flowered plants correspond to Sonchus asper (L.) Hill.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia CGL 2006-0081

Unidad hospitalaria de patología dual grave: un año de experiencia

Se trata de un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal en el que se incluyeron los pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Hospitalización del Programa de Patología Dual Grave (UHPPDG) durante un año. Los datos sociodemográficos, clínicos y farmacológicos se obtuvieron mediante hojas de recogida de datos diseñadas al efecto. El total de pacientes ingresados fue de 82 en cuyo perfil prevalecen los varones con una edad media de 36,7 años, derivados del subprograma ambulatorio del propio Programa de Patología Dual Grave (PPDG) y con ingreso de tipo involuntario. El diagnóstico psiquiátrico más frecuente fue el trastorno psicótico, especialmente la Esquizofrenia Paranoide. Las sustancias tóxicas más consumidas fueron: alcohol (33 %), cocaína (26 %) y el cannabis (20 %). Dentro de las técnicas psicoterápicas destaca la Terapia Psicoeducativa Motivacional Breve-Dual (TPMB-D), de formato grupal, en la que participaron alrededor de 2/3 de los pacientes. El grupo de fármacos más utilizados fueron los antipsicóticos (quetiapina [60%] y la risperidona inyectable de larga duración (RILD). En el grupo de pacientes con Dependencia/Abuso de Alcohol, los antipsicóticos más utilizados fueron la quetiapina y la tiaprida (43%). Los antidepresivos se utilizaron en el 37% de los casos, especialmente la duloxetina. En el grupo con Dependencia/ Abuso de Cocaína, la Esquizofrenia es el trastorno comórbido más prevalente (75%), y los antipsicóticos el grupo farmacológico más prescrito, en especial la RILD (91%). Entre los pacientes multi-dependientes la asociación más frecuente fue la Dependencia de Opiáceos y Cocaína (56%). El diagnóstico comórbido más frecuente en este grupo fue la Esquizofrenia

Modeling and control of a microgrid connected to the INTEC university campus

Producción CientíficaA smart microgrid is a bidirectional electricity generation system—a type of system that is becoming more prevalent in energy production at the distribution level. Usually, these systems have intermittent renewable energy sources, e.g., solar and wind energy. These low voltage networks contribute to decongestion through the efficient use of resources within the microgrid. In this investigation, an energy management strategy and a control scheme for DG units are proposed for DC/AC microgrids. The objective is to implement these strategies in an experimental microgrid that will be developed on the INTEC university campus. After presenting the microgrid topology, the modeling and control of each subsystem and their respective converters are described. All possible operation scenarios, such as islanded or interconnected microgrids, different generation-load possibilities, and state-of-charge conditions of the battery, are verified, and a seamless transition between different operation modes is ensured. The simulation results in Matlab Simulink show how the proposed control system allows transitions between the different scenarios without severe transients in the power transfer between the microgrid and the low voltage network elements.República Dominicana (FONDOCYT Grant 2018-2019-3C1-160 (055-2019 INTEC

Criteria to discriminate between wines aged in oak barrels and macerated with oak fragments

Wine aging in barrels is carried out to increase stability and achieve more complex aromas. In the last few years, however, the practice of macerating wine with small fragments of toasted oak (chips) has become increasingly common. This conveys similar tastes, aromas, and wooden notes to the wine as those obtained with traditional barrel aging, but much faster and at a fraction of the cost. Without proper regulation, this could lead to fraud if wine macerated with chips is offered as barrel aged wine. In the present study, 75 volatile compounds have been determined by applying gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (MS) and flame ionization detection (FID). It has been found that compounds directly related to the wood have greater discriminative power for telling apart wines aged in barrels from those macerated with oak fragments, but no single compound permits flawless classification. Therefore, we have studied the effect of the addition of oak fragments of different origins, different oak types, different formats and subjected to different toasting processes on a set of 231 samples from 6 Spanish Denominations of Origin wines (DOs), and compared them to those same wines aged in oak barrels. In light of the results, we have developed a set of criteria which allows distinguishing with high degree of accuracy between wines which have been aged in barrels and those macerated with oak fragments. The application of these criteria to different wines allows correct classification in over 90% of cases.Peer ReviewedPublishe