Hate groups targeting unauthorized immigrants: discourses, narratives and subjectivation practices on their websites

The narratives and images on websites of US hate groups that oppose undocumented immigrants represent and reproduce discourses that contribute to the subject formation of group members, who feel ethically obliged to counter unauthorized immigration. Left alone by the government, which is seen as unreliable and uncaring of patriotic values, they position themselves as heroic saviours of the nation. We argue that these hate groups’ ‘games of truth’ develop in response to the perception that irregular immigration threatens specific social orders and values, for instance about citizenship, national identity and otherness. This article helps to understand the ways in which anti-immigrant narratives serve the functions of countering these threats and of asserting the group members’ ethical obligation as a form of care of the self. In other words, from a Foucaultian viewpoint, we interpret the problematizations of ‘illegal’ immigration as discursive practices for the subject formation of hate group members

Screening for human t-cell lymphotropic virus (Htlv) in pregnant women in the peruvian amazon and systematic review with meta-analysis of htlv infection in Peru

Background. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is responsible for tropical spastic paraparesis and HTLV-1-associated leukemia/lymphoma. The infection is endemic in some areas of Peru, but its prevalence in the Peruvian Amazon is not well established. We aimed to assess the seroprevalence of HTLV-1 infection in pregnant women in the Peruvian Amazon. Moreover, we performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the seroprevalence of HTLV infection in Peru. (2) Methods. This is a prospective cross-sectional study involving pregnant women attending health centers in the city of Iquitos, Peru, in May and June 2019. The presence of antibodies against HTLV-1 was assessed using ELISA (HTLV I + II ELISA recombinant v.4.0, Wiener lab, Rosario, Argentina). Positive cases were confirmed by Western Blot and HTLV-1 proviral load. (3) Results. The study included 300 pregnant women with a mean age of 26 years (standard deviation [SD] 6.4). Five patients were diagnosed with HTLV-1 infection (prevalence 1.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7% to 3.8%). Pregnant women with HTLV-1 infection were discretely younger (mean age 22.6 [SD 22.6] vs 26.8 [SD 6.3]; p = 0.128). None of the five women had been transfused, and all were asymptomatic. Two (40%) also had a positive serology for Strongy-loides, but larvae were not detected in any of the parasitological stool studies. The systematic review component identified 40 studies, which showed that the prevalence of HTLV infection in the general population was 2.9% (95% CI 1.2% to 5.3%) and in women of childbearing age, 2.5% (95% CI 1.2% to 4.0%). (4) Conclusion. The prevalence of HTLV-1 in the Peruvian Amazon basin is about 1.7%, indicating an endemic presence. Screening for HTLV-1 in prenatal care is warranted.This research was co-funded by University Development Cooperation Program, Miguel Hernández University of Elche and Generalitat Valenciana. Grant number [SOLCIF/2017/0005

La esofagitis eosinofílica como causa de impactación por cuerpo extraño: análisis de nuestra experiencia

Introduction: food bolus impaction in the esophagus, is a frequent symptom debut in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EEO). This may mean a change in the epidemiology and clinical management of this emergency endoscopy. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 131 emergency endoscopic foreign body impaction (FB). We studied the epidemiological characteristics, endoscopic findings, type of FB, the rate of impaction and history of the 3 years preceding the survey. Statistical analysis was performed using t-student and tests ×2. Results: 131 patients, 65% male, mean age 56 years. Endoscopic findings: normal esophagus 34.4% (45/131) and 20% endoscopic findings of EEO (26/131). Meat bolus was the most common FB (60.3%, 79/131). Patients hit by suspected food EEO was the most frequent endoscopic finding. The subgroup of patients with impacted food bolus with a final diagnosis of EEO presented a lower mean age than those with causes of impaction (36.47 vs. 64.45, P = 0.00) and a higher percentage of background previous impaction (38% vs. 6%, RR = 15.70 95% (from 3.60 to 62.50), p = 0.00). Conclusion: Emergency FB impaction is a common event in our clinical practice. EEO is a case to be considered in such patients, so we suspected in patients impacted food bolus, young and with a history of previous impaction.Introduccion: La impactacion del bolo alimentario en el esofago, supone un sintoma de debut frecuente en los pacientes con esofagitis eosinofilica (EEo). Este hecho, puede suponer un cambio en la epidemiologia y en el manejo clinico de esta urgencia endoscopica. Material y metodos: Analisis retrospectivo sobre 131 urgencias endoscopicas por impactacion de cuerpo extrano (CE). Se estudiaron las caracteristicas epidemiologicas, hallazgos endoscopicos, el tipo de CE, la tasa de desimpactacion y antecedentes de impactacion los 3 anos previos al 2 estudio. El analisis estadistico se realizo mediante los test de �Ô y t-student. Resultados: 131 pacientes, 65% varones; edad media 56 anos. Hallazgos endoscopicos: 34,4% esofago normal (45/131) y el 20% esofago de caracteristicas endocopicas de EEo (26/131). El bolo de carne fue el CE mas frecuente (60,3%; 79/131). En los pacientes impactados por alimento la sospecha de EEo fue el hallazgo endoscopico mas frecuente. El subgrupo de pacientes impactados con bolo alimentario y con diagnostico final de EEo presento una edad media menor, que aquellos con otras causas de impactacion (36,47 vs. 64,45; p=0,00), asi como un mayor porcentaje de antecedentes de impactacion previos (38% vs. 6%; RR= 15,70 IC95%(3,60- 62,50; p=0,00). Conclusion: La urgencia por impactacion de CE es un hecho frecuente en nuestra practica clinica. La EEo es una causa a tener en cuenta en este tipo de pacientes, por lo que debemos sospecharla ante enfermos impactados por bolos alimentarios, jovenes y con antecedentes de impactacion previa

Factores predictores de esofagitis eosinofílica en impactación esofágica por bolo alimenticio

Antecedentes: La impactación esofágica por bolo alimenticio es un síntoma de debut en pacientes diagnosticados de esofagitis eosinofílica, lo cual supone un cambio en la epidemiología y el manejo de esta urgencia. Objetivo: Detectar factores predictores de esofagitis eosinofílica en pacientes con impactación esofágica por bolo alimenticio. Métodos: Se analizaron de forma retrospectiva pacientes atendidos por impactación por cuerpo extraño. Se estudiaron las características epidemiológicas, los hallazgos endoscópicos y los antecedentes de impactación. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante los test de la t de Student y de la χ2. Se elaboró un modelo de regresión logística. Resultados: Ciento treinta y un pacientes, 65% varones, con una edad media de 56 años. En los pacientes con impactación por bolo alimenticio (n = 89), la sospecha endoscópica de esofagitis eosinofílica fue el hallazgo más frecuente. De estos, aquellos sin confirmación histológica fueron excluidos (n = 7); el resto de los pacientes (n = 82) se dividió en 2 grupos: esofagitis eosinofílica confirmada (grupo A) (n = 18) y otros hallazgos endoscópicos (grupo B) (n = 64). El grupo A presentaba una menor edad media (36.47 vs. 64.45; p = 0.001) e historia de impactación previa más frecuente que el grupo B (38 vs. 6%; OR = 15.70; IC del 95%, 3.60-62.50; p = 0.001). Edad e historia de impactación se comportaron como predictores de esofagitis eosinofílica con una sensibilidad del 82%, una especificidad del 80% y un rendimiento del 84% (p < 0.001). Conclusión: Edad y antecedentes de impactación predicen la presencia de esofagitis eosinofílica en pacientes con impactación por bolo alimenticio