Estudio de la celularidad en las diferentes regiones musculares de rodaballos diploides y triploides, Scophthalmus maximus L.

Se analizó la celularidad muscular en cuatro zonas del miotomo: epiaxial superior, hipoaxial superior, epiaxial interior e hipoaxial inlerior, en2 grupos de rodaballos: 7 diploides y 7 triploides. En diploides, las zonas epiaxiales (superior e interior) mostraron mayores valores del tamaOO (p0,05) que las hipoaxiales, siendo tales valores mayores en hembras que en machos. En triploides, ~ distribución librilar mostró algunas dilerencias respecto a diploides, observándose mayores valores del tamaño librilar en las regiones epie hipoaxiales de la zona superior del pez, mientras que el menor número y densidad de fibras fue encontrado en la región epiaxial superior. En relación al sexo, el tamaño librilar lue menor en hembras que en machos triploides, mientras que el resto de parámetros musculares mostraron generalmente mayores valores en hembras. Al comparar ambos grupos, la hipertrofia librilar fue mayor en triploides (P<0,05), en todas las zonas musculares (1-4).The muscle cellularily was analyzed in lour regions (epaxial upper. hipoaxial upper, epaxial bottom and hipoaxial bottom) en two populatioos ~ turbo!: 7 diploid and 7 triploid specimens. Diploid specimens showed higher values 01the size and number 01 whije fibres in the epaxial!han in!he hipoaxial zones, being such values higher in lemales than in males. In triploid specimens, the highest values olthe muscle fibres size were 100M!! !he upper zones (epaxial and hipoaxial), whereas!he lowest number and densijy 01libres was lound in !he epaxial upper zone. In relationtothesex influence in triploid, the lowest value 01Ihe muscle fibres size was lound in lemaJes, whereas Ihe rest 01 muscle parameters were higher in lemaIes. When comparing bolh groups, muscle hypertrophy was higherin triploid than in diploid specimens (P<0,05), in all the muscle zones (1-4)

The Effect of 17α-Ethynilestradiol and GPER1 Activation on Body and Muscle Growth, Muscle Composition and Growth-Related Gene Expression of Gilthead Seabream, Sparus aurata L

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals include natural and synthetic estrogens, such as 17α- ethynilestradiol (EE2 ), which can affect reproduction, growth and immunity. Estrogen signalling is mediated by nuclear or membrane estrogen receptors, such as the new G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1). The present work studies the effect of EE2 and G1 (an agonist of GPER1) on body and muscle parameters and growth-related genes of 54 two-year-old seabreams. The fish were fed a diet containing EE2 (EE2 group) and G1 (G1 group) for 45 days and then a diet without EE2 or G1 for 122 days. An untreated control group was also studied. At 45 days, the shortest body length was observed in the G1 group, while 79 and 122 days after the cessation of treatments, the shortest body growth was observed in the EE2 group. Hypertrophy of white fibers was higher in the EE2 and G1 groups than it was in the control group, whereas the opposite was the case with respect to hy- perplasia. Textural hardness showed a negative correlation with the size of white fibers. At the end of the experiment, all fish analyzed in the EE2 group showed a predominance of the gonadal ovarian area. In addition, the highest expression of the mafbx gene (upregulated in catabolic signals) and mstn2 (myogenesis negative regulator) was found in EE2 -exposed fish.Versión del editor2,46

Efecto de la triploidía sobre los parámetros musculares y nutricionales del rodaballo (Scophthalmus maximus, L.) después de su maduración sexual

Con el objetivo de una mejor comprensión de la calidad final del rodaballo triploide (Scophtha/mus maximus, L.), la celularidad musculary los parámetros de calidad de la carne fueron estudiados en 7 rodaballos diploides y 7 lriploides de 33 meses de edad, todos ejemplares decultivoy de un tamaño similar. La celularidad del músculo blanco se evaluó por medio del número y diámetro de las fibras musculares. Para determinarla calidad de la carne fueron analizados diversos parámetros físico-químicos (humedad, proteína, grasa y ácidos grasas totales) y se determinaIOO las propiedades mecánicas de la lextura (dureza, elasticidad, masticabilidad, cohe~ividad y gomosidad) con un texturómetro. El mecanismode crecimiento muscular difirió entre los dos grupos, de tal manera que el tamaño de las fibras fue mayor (p<O,OOI)en los triploides , mientrasquela densidad de fibras musculares fue mayor en el grupo de los diploides, lo que demuestra que las diferencias genéticas produjeron dtlerente celularidad muscular en ambos grupos. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en las propiedades texturales ni en los parámetros decalidad de la carne entre diploides y triploides.In order lo a beller understanding of Ihe final qualily of lriploid turbot (Scophthalmus maximus, L.), muscle cellularily and qualily parametersoflhe flesh were studied on 7 diploid and 7 triploid 33 months old farmed turbot of similar size. White muscle cellularily was evaluated by meansofIhe number and diameter of muscle fibers. lo ascertain the flesh qualily, several physlco-cbemlcal parameters (moisture, protein, total fat andfalty acids) were analyzed, and textural mechanical properties (hardness, springiness, chewiness, cohesiveness, gumminess) were determinedwitha texturometer. Muscle growth mechanism differed between both groups, such that muscie fibres size was greater (p<O,OOI)in triploid specimens, wihereas muscle fibre density was higher in diploid group, thus showing mat genetic differences produced different muscie cellularity in bothgroups. No significant differences were found in textural properties and flesh qualily parameters between diploid and triploid groups

Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy and Food Sources of Total Fat and Fatty Acids, and Relationships with Personal and Family Factors in Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years: Results of the EsNuPI Study

We aimed to determine the usual intake of total fat, fatty acids (FAs), and their main food sources in a representative cohort of the Spanish pediatric population aged 1 to <10 years (n = 707) who consumed all types of milk and an age-matched cohort who consumed adapted milk over the last year (including follow-on formula, toddler’s milk, growing-up milk, and fortified and enriched milks) (n = 741) who were participants in the EsNuPI study (in English, Nutritional Study in the Spanish Pediatric Population). Dietary intake, measured through two 24 h dietary recalls, was compared to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN-FAO) recommendations. Both cohorts showed a high intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), according to FAO recommendations, as there are no numerical recommendations for SFAs at EFSA. Also, low intake of essential fatty acids (EFAs; linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA)) and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) of the n-3 series, mainly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were observed according to EFSA and FAO recommendations. The three main sources of total fat and different FAs were milk and dairy products, oils and fats, and meat and meat products. The consumption of adapted milk was one of the main factors associated with better adherence to the nutritional recommendations of total fat, SFAs, EFAs, PUFAs; and resulted as the main factor associated with better adherence to n-3 fatty acids intake recommendations. Knowledge of the dietary intake and food sources of total fat and FAs in children could help in designing and promoting effective and practical age-targeted guidelines to promote the consumption of EFA- and n-3 PUFA-rich foods in this stage of life

Determinación de los criterios de percepción de calidad y estudio de la aceptación del pescado de crianza por parte de los consumidores

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Molecular characterization of the diet of the planktonic community in Málaga Bay (NW Alboran Sea)

The seasonal changes in structure and functioning of the pelagic trophic web in Málaga Bay (NW Alboran Sea) are related to the annual hydrological cycle. However, time series analyses have shown that the relationship between interannual hydrological variability and the plankton community composition is weak. This might be due to different human-induced pressures (nutrient pollution, coastal fisheries) acting on different compartments of the trophic web. The net effect of all these factors would depend on how the ecosystem channels changes in the composition and abundance of each trophic level. Interactions of phytoplankton-ciliates-zooplankton might have a central role in the regulation of the trophic web in Málaga Bay, although the trophic relations of the dominant groups remain still undefined. In order to identify the dominant trophic relationships we aimed to characterise the diet of key ichthyo- and mesozooplankton species in the field. Given that gut content preys (phyto- and microplankton) are fragile and not easy to identify visually, we developed species-specific molecular markers to detect their presence/absence within the predators gut

Dietary and Lifestyle Patterns in the Spanish Pediatric Population (One to <10 Years Old): Design, Protocol, and Methodology of the EsNuPI Study

The interest in a healthy diet and lifestyle during the early stages of life increased, pointing out its role in the development of noncommunicable chronic diseases throughout adult life. Dietary habits and dietary patterns begin to be established in early childhood and persist during adulthood. Therefore, the EsNuPI ("Nutritional Study in Spanish Pediatric Population") study aims to depict the dietary patterns, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors in Spanish children aged from one to 50,000 inhabitants, stratified by Nielsen areas. Participants were involved in one face-to-face survey, followed by a telephone survey after at least one week. Information about dietary intake and habits was obtained using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire and two 24-h dietary recalls. Physical activity and sedentary behaviors were registered using a specific questionnaire based on a seven-day record. Data were processed and stratified by categorical variables to be statistically analyzed in order to meet the study objectives. This study is the first of its kind in a Spanish reference population of this age range and the first to evaluate whether the consumption of adapted milk formulas and dairy products is associated with healthier dietary patterns and better diet quality and lifestyles in this group

Energy Intake, Macronutrient Profile and Food Sources of Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study

Abstract: The present study aimed to assess energy intake, nutrient profile and food sources in Spanish children participating in the EsNuPI (“Estudio Nutricional en Población Infantil Española”) study. Plausibility of energy intake and adequacy of nutrient intakes to international recommendations were analyzed in a final sample of 1448 subjects (728 boys and 720 girls) and one group representative of the 1 to <10 years old urban Spanish children (reference sample (n = 707)) who consumed milk and one of the same age who consumed adapted milk over the last year (adapted milk consumers sample (n = 741)) were compared. Both groups completed data of a face-to-face and a telephone 24-h dietary recalls. Both the reference and the adapted milk consumers samples reported an adequate daily energy intake (1503 kcal/day and 1404 kcal/day); and a high contribution to total energy from protein (16.5% and 15.6%) and fat (36.5% and 35.9%). Also, a high percentage of children from both samples were below the lower limit of the recommendations for carbohydrates (47.8% and 39.3%). As the percentage of plausible energy reporters was high for both groups (84.7% and 83.5%, respectively), data for the whole sample were analyzed. Milk and dairy, cereals, meat and derived products, fats and oils, bakery and pastry, fruits and vegetables contributed to about 80% of the total energy intake in both groups. However, the reference sample reported significantly more contribution to energy from cereals, meat and meat products, bakery and pastry and ready to cook/eat foods; meanwhile, the adapted milk consumers sample reported significantly more energy from milk and dairy products, fruits and eggs. Those results suggest that adapted milk consumers have better adherence to the food-based dietary guidelines. Further analyses are warranted to characterize food patterns and the quality of the diet in the EsNuPI study population

Conocimiento objetivo y subjetivo de los consumidores españoles sobre el pescado

Product knowledge has been recognised as an important factor influencing consumer decision making. The aim of this study was to assess Spanish consumers’ knowledge about fish as well as their relationship with certain socio-demographic characteristics. Objective and subjective knowledge were measured by means of 5 and 4 items respectively. Overall results revealed the existence of a certain lack of knowledge about fish, although some differences were observed depending on gender, age, education level, region of residence and growing up region (coastal or interior). A positive relationship between objective and subjective knowledge was also detected