Adaptation of rice cultivation to climate and socio-economic changes in the Ifugao Region (Philippines)/Adaptación del cultivo de arroz a los cambios climáticos y socioeconómicos en la región de Ifugao (Filipinas)

Based on ethnographical studies undertaken among Ifugao people in the Philippines, this paper aims at contributing to produce knowledge about the construction of rice agricultural practices forced to adapt to socio-economic and climate change. However, six years after having classified the site as a patrimony of humanity, UNESCO, announced its concern for these rice terraces by including them on the list of world heritage sites in danger. Indeed, the Batad rice terraces are showing signs of deterioration. The destruction of rice terraces and the fragile ecosystem they rely on, would generate a disaster, not in terms of loss of human life, but in agricultural and cultural terms. The object of this article is to analyze the forms and limits of adaptation of the region’s rice cultivation combined with the changing local ecological conditions and a changing socio-economic environment. / Basado en estudios etnográficos realizados entre personas de Ifugao en las Filipinas, este artículo tiene como objetivo contribuir a producir conocimiento sobre la construcción de prácticas agrícolas de arroz obligadas a adaptarse al cambio socioeconómico y climático. Sin embargo, seis años después de haber clasificado el sitio como patrimonio de la humanidad, la UNESCO anunció su preocupación por estas terrazas de arroz al incluirlas en la lista de sitios del patrimonio mundial en peligro. De hecho, las terrazas de arroz de Batad muestran signos de deterioro. La destrucción de las terrazas de arroz y el frágil ecosistema del que dependen generaría un desastre, no en términos de pérdida de vidas humanas, sino en términos agrícolas y culturales. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las formas y los límites de adaptación del cultivo de arroz de la región combinado con las cambiantes condiciones ecológicas locales y un entorno socioeconómico cambiante

Quête d’analogies entre intériorités et physicalités chez les Mayas mams du Guatemala

Par son analyse de l’articulation de différents systèmes ontologiques depuis une perspective « descolienne » dans un terrain ethnographique particulier (une municipalité de l’Altiplano du Guatemala), cet article contribue aux discussions sur les rapports qu’entretiennent les membres d’une communauté mam entre leurs physicalités, leurs intériorités et celles qu’ils attribuent à leur espace environnant. L’auteur présente de manière plus spécifique le système analogique mésoaméricain et son implication sur la conception du corps (distinction chaud/froid ; mauvais œil...). Il sera également question des analogies entre les physicalités humaines et non humaines ainsi que de la quête perpétuelle d’un équilibre (grâce au travail des chamanes et des guérisseurs) entre ces entités idiosyncratiques

Making space for experiential knowledge in climate change adaptation? Insights from municipal planning officers in Bohol, Philippines

Climate change is a global phenomenon that has multiple local effects on people and places. Yet, climate change knowledge often travels uncomfortably across scales and needs constant re-interpretation as it is applied in different spatial contexts. This requires the examination of how scientific and local knowledge about climate change travel across social systems and shape local meanings and adaptive actions on climate change. Using an interpretive social science analysis of environmental change, this study investigates development planning as a key boundary object for handling both kinds of knowledge and explores experiential knowledge of climate change held by planning officers from the coastal landscape of the island province of Bohol, Philippines. Drawing upon face-to-face interviews, mental maps, and planning documents review, main results first characterise three experiential ways of knowing about climate change across spaces of lived experiences and spaces of maps and plans. Then, we show how planners engage with climate change adaptation by combining national, techno-scientific and local, on-the-ground ways of knowing, offering a venue in which experiential knowledge on climate change is used for building planning significance and making more grounded accounts of adaptation moving forward in planning policy and practice

La radiothérapie par modulation d'intensité de la région para-aortique peut-elle résoudre les problèmes que pose l'épargne des organes à risque ?

peer reviewedBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The recent RTOG guidelines for future clinical developments in gynecologic malignancies included the investigation of dose escalation in the paraaortic (PO) region which is, however, very difficult to target due to the presence of critical organs such as kidneys, liver, spinal cord, and digestive structures. The aim of this study was to investigate intensity-modulated radiotherapy's (IMRT) possibilites of either increasing, in a safe way, the dose to 50-60 Gy in case of macroscopic disease or decreasing the dose to organs at risk (OR) when treatment is given in an adjuvant setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The dosimetric charts of 14 patients irradiated to the PO region at the Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Liege, Belgium, in 2000 were analyzed in order to compare six-field conformal external-beam radiotherapy (CEBR) and five-beam IMRT approaches. Both CEBR and IMRT investigations were planned to theoretically deliver 60 Gy to the PO region in the safest way possible. Dose-volume histograms (DVHs) were calculated for clinical target volume (CTV), planning target volume (PTV), and OR. Student's t-test was used to compare the paired DVH data issued from CEBR and IMRT planning. RESULTS: The IMRT approach allowed to cover the PTV at a higher level as compared to CEBR. Using IMRT, the maximal dose to the spinal cord was reduced from 42.5 Gy to 26.2 Gy in comparison with CEBR (p or= 20 Gy in the IMRT approach (p < 0.00001). Irradiation of digestive structures was not different, with < 25% receiving 35 Gy. Doses to the liver remained low regardless of the method used. CONCLUSION: At 60 Gy, IMRT is largely sparing the spinal cord and kidneys as compared to CEBR and represents an interesting approach not only for dose escalation up to 50-60 Gy (probably facilitating the radiochemotherapy approaches) but also in an adjuvant setting at lower doses. The dosimetric data of this study are in the same range as those published recently with a dynamic arc conformal approach

Focus EMU, February 22, 2005

Une opinion rédigée et transmise à la Première ministre et aux Ministresprésidents régionaux par un collectif de signataires

2022-RA-193-ESGO Cost-effectiveness of molecular profiling for endometrial neoplasia: a single institution experience

peer reviewe

Testing of membrane module for ultrafiltration

<div><p>ABSTRACT</p><p><b>Background.</b> To evaluate efficacy and toxicity of radio-chemotherapy (RCT) and MR-guided pulsed-dose-rate (PDR) adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC).</p><p><b>Material and methods.</b> Between 2007 and 2014 85 patients with FIGO stage 1B1 N+ or ≥ 1B2 cervical cancer were treated with RCT+ IGABT. The treatment consisted of a pelvic± paraaortic external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) (45–50.4 Gy ± 10 Gy boost to primary tumor and/or to pathologic lymph nodes) with concurrent cisplatin followed by 25–35 Gy of PDR IGABT in 30–50 pulses. The ratio of 3D-CFRT/IMRT was 61/24 patients. Dose-volume parameters of high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV), intermediate-risk clinical target volume (IR-CTV) and D2cm³ organs at risk (OARs) were reported. Local control (LC), cancer-specific survival (CCS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed actuarially and morbidity crude rates were scored using CTCAEv4.0.</p><p><b>Results.</b> Mean follow-up was 36 months (range 6–94). The mean D90 and D98 for HR-CTV was 84.4 ± 9 Gy and 77 ± 8.1 Gy, while for IR-CTV was 69.1 ± 4.3 Gy and 64.8 ± 4.3 Gy, respectively. The mean D2cm³ for OARs was the following: bladder: 77.3 ± 10.5 Gy, rectum: 65 ± 6.8 Gy, sigmoid: 63 ± 7.9 Gy and intestine: 64.0 ± 9.1 Gy. Three year LC, CSS and OS were: 94%, 85% and 81%. The three-year regional- and distant control rates were 95% and 74%. Node negative patients had significantly higher three-year CSS (100 vs. 72%, p = 0.016) and OS (92 vs. 72%, p = 0.001) compared to node positive ones. Three-year actuarial late Grade ≥ 3 morbidity was the following: GI: 8%, GU: 5%, Vaginal: 8%. The frequency of Grade ≥ 3 hematological toxicities including anemia/leukopenia/neutropenia/thrombocytopenia were 8.6%/34.7%/24.3%/24.3%, respectively.</p><p><b>Conclusion.</b> This large mono-institutional experience builds up further evidences that IGABT in conjunction with RCT should be the standard of care for patients suffering LACC.</p></div