Orion Passive Thermal: Control Overview

A general overview of the NASA Orion Passive Thermal Control System (PTCS) is presented. The topics include: 1) Orion in CxP Hierarchy; 2) General Orion Description/Orientation; and 3) Orion PTCS Overview

Contaminación enteroparasitaria de la quebrada Tabure, Municipio Palavecino, Estado Lara, Venezuela

To study the possibility of enteroparasitic contamination of the Quebrada Tabure (Tabure River), a product of untreated wastewater discharge, a descriptive cross sectional study was carried out, where 112 water samples were analyzed at different heights along the Quebrada, which crosses the Cabudare city, Palavecino municipality of Lara state, Venezuela. The samples were collected with a clean injector of 20 ml, attached to a clear and clean hose, 60 ml of water were collected per sample, to be studied later, being able to appreciate a low diversity, but a high abundance of enteroparasites, being detected: Blastocystis sp (9.83% of the analyzed samples), Chilomastix mesnili (8,19%), Entamoeba histolytica / Entamoeba dispar (6,55%), Ascaris lumbricoides (4,91%), Endolimax nana (3,27%) and starting from the chemical pollution of these waters can destroy many protozoa and helminths, the abundance and diversity of species is below the real values. These results are in agreement with prevalences of enteroparasites of patients of Cabudare, where Blastocystis sp, is the most frequent, oscillating between 20 and 40%, reason why it is the most frequent contaminating the waters of this Quebrada. According to the WHO, the presence of ≥1 Ascaris lumbricoides egg per liter of water, disables water for irrigation or agricultural use, and therefore cannot be reused, therefore, these waters are an epicenter of parasitic contamination for the population of CabudarePara conocer la posibilidad de contaminación enteroparasitaria de la Quebrada Tabure (Río Tabure), producto de la descarga de aguas servidas y no tratadas, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, donde se analizaron 112 muestras de agua a diferentes alturas del recorrido de la Quebrada, la cual atraviesa la Ciudad de Cabudare, municipio Palavecino del estado Lara, Venezuela. Las muestras se colectaron con una inyectadora limpia de 20 ml, sujetada a una manguera transparente y limpia, se recogían 60 ml de agua por muestra, para posteriormente ser estudiadas, pudiéndose apreciar una baja diversidad, pero alta abundancia de enteroparásitos, detectándose: Blastocystis sp. (9,83% de las muestras analizadas), Chilomastix mesnili (8,19%), Entamoeba histolytica / Entamoeba dispar (6,55%), Ascaris lumbricoides (4,91%), Endolimax nana (3,27%) y partiendo de que la contaminación química de estas aguas puede destruir muchos protozoarios y helmintos, la abundancia y diversidad de especies está por debajo de los valores reales. Estos resultados están en concordancia con prevalencias de enteroparásitos de pacientes de Cabudare, donde Blastocystis sp., es el más frecuente, oscilando entre 20 y 40%, por lo que es lógico que sea el más frecuente contaminando las aguas de esta Quebrada. Según la OMS la presencia ≥1 huevo de Ascaris lumbricoides por litro de agua servida, inhabilita a estás para riego o uso agrícola, por lo que no se pueden reutilizar, por esto, estás aguas son un epicentro de contaminación parasitaria para la población de Cabudar

Capacidad de carga animal de los sistemas bovinos pastoriles de la Llanura Deprimida Salina de Tucumán

Carrying capacity of beef grazing cattle systems of the Depressed Saline Plain of Tucumá

Using Large Language Models to Automate Category and Trend Analysis of Scientific Articles: An Application in Ophthalmology

Purpose: In this paper, we present an automated method for article classification, leveraging the power of Large Language Models (LLM). The primary focus is on the field of ophthalmology, but the model is extendable to other fields. Methods: We have developed a model based on Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, including advanced LLMs, to process and analyze the textual content of scientific papers. Specifically, we have employed zero-shot learning (ZSL) LLM models and compared against Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformers (BART) and its variants, and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), and its variant such as distilBERT, SciBERT, PubmedBERT, BioBERT. Results: The classification results demonstrate the effectiveness of LLMs in categorizing large number of ophthalmology papers without human intervention. Results: To evalute the LLMs, we compiled a dataset (RenD) of 1000 ocular disease-related articles, which were expertly annotated by a panel of six specialists into 15 distinct categories. The model achieved mean accuracy of 0.86 and mean F1 of 0.85 based on the RenD dataset. Conclusion: The proposed framework achieves notable improvements in both accuracy and efficiency. Its application in the domain of ophthalmology showcases its potential for knowledge organization and retrieval in other domains too. We performed trend analysis that enables the researchers and clinicians to easily categorize and retrieve relevant papers, saving time and effort in literature review and information gathering as well as identification of emerging scientific trends within different disciplines. Moreover, the extendibility of the model to other scientific fields broadens its impact in facilitating research and trend analysis across diverse disciplines

Formation and optical properties of brown carbon from small α-dicarbonyls and amines

Brown Carbon (BrC) aerosols scatter and absorb solar radiation, directly affecting the Earth’s radiative budget. However, considerable uncertainty exists concerning the chemical mechanism leading to BrC formation and their optical properties. In this work, BrC particles were prepared from mixtures of small α-dicarbonyls (glyoxal and methylglyoxal) and amines (methylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine). The absorption and scattering of BrC particles were measured using a photoacoustic extinctometer (405 and 532 nm), and the chemical composition of the α-dicarbonyl-amine mixtures was analyzed using orbitrap-mass spectrometry and thermal desorption-ion drift-chemical ionization mass spectrometry. The single scattering albedo for methylglyoxal-amine mixtures is smaller than that of glyoxal-amine mixtures and increases with the methyl substitution of amines. The mass absorption cross-section for methylglyoxal-amine mixtures is two times higher at 405 nm wavelength than that at 532 nm wavelength. The derived refractive indexes at the 405 nm wavelength are 1.40–1.64 for the real part and 0.002–0.195 for the imaginary part. Composition analysis in the α-dicarbonyl-amine mixtures reveals N-heterocycles as the dominant products, which are formed via multiple steps involving nucleophilic attack, steric hindrance, and dipole–dipole interaction between α-dicarbonyls and amines. BrC aerosols, if formed from the particle-phase reaction of methylglyoxal with methylamine, likely contribute to atmospheric warming

Nanoparticle emissions from the transport sector: health and policy impacts - the nPETS concept

Road, rail, air, and sea transport generate a major fraction of outdoor ultrafine particles. However, there is no common methodology for comparable sub 100 nm particle emissions measurement. This paper presents the nPETS (grant agreement No 954377) concept to understand and mitigate the effects of emerging non-regulated nanoparticle emissions. This paper presents the concept and selected results. For example, nucleation and condensation mechanisms occur more frequently in the urban background site, leading to new particle formation, while mostly fresh emissions are measured in the traffic site.This work is part of nPETS, a project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 954377Peer reviewe

Association between vascular endothelial growth factor and hypertension in children and adolescents type I diabetes mellitus

The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between the serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the incidence of hypertension (HT) in children and adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM). One hundred and five patients with T1DM were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 30 healthy controls. All the T1DM patients were subjected to biochemical analyses, ophthalmologic examination and 24-h blood pressure monitoring. Besides, all the patients and healthy controls had serum VEGF levels measured with the use of the ELISA methodology. The essence of our research is that patients with T1DM and HT and with microalbuminuria (MA) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) (MA/DR) are characterized by a significantly higher level of VEGF (340.23±93.22 pg ml–1) in blood serum in comparison with the group of T1DM patients without HT and MA/DR (183.6±96.6 pg ml–1) and with healthy controls (145.32±75.58 pg ml–1). In addition, the VEGF level was significantly higher in T1DM patients, who presented all three complications, that is HT, retinopathy and MA in comparison with T1DM patients without HT, but with MA/DR (P=0.036). On the other hand, no statistically significant differences (P=0.19) were noted in the level of VEGF in serum between T1DM patients without HT and MA/DR and the healthy control group. At a further stage of analysis, using the method of multiple regression, it was shown that systolic pressure, HbA1c and duration of disease are independent factors influencing the concentration of VEGF. Summarizing, the measurement of VEGF serum levels allows for the identification of groups of patients who have the highest risk of HT and, subsequently, progression of vascular complications

Inhibition of MYC translation through targeting of the newly identified PHB-eIF4F complex as therapeutic strategy in CLL

Dysregulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) translation, including preferential translation of mRNA with complex 5′ untranslated regions such as the MYC oncogene, is recognized as an important mechanism in cancer. Here, we show that both human and murine chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells display a high translation rate, which is inhibited by the synthetic flavagline FL3, a prohibitin (PHB)-binding drug. A multiomics analysis performed in samples from patients with CLL and cell lines treated with FL3 revealed the decreased translation of the MYC oncogene and of proteins involved in cell cycle and metabolism. Furthermore, inhibiting translation induced a proliferation arrest and a rewiring of MYC-driven metabolism. Interestingly, contrary to other models, the RAS-RAF-(PHBs)-MAPK pathway is neither impaired by FL3 nor implicated in translation regulation in CLL cells. Here, we rather show that PHBs are directly associated with the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4F translation complex and are targeted by FL3. Knockdown of PHBs resembled FL3 treatment. Importantly, inhibition of translation controlled CLL development in vivo, either alone or combined with immunotherapy. Finally, high expression of translation initiation–related genes and PHBs genes correlated with poor survival and unfavorable clinical parameters in patients with CLL. Overall, we demonstrated that translation inhibition is a valuable strategy to control CLL development by blocking the translation of several oncogenic pathways including MYC. We also unraveled a new and direct role of PHBs in translation initiation, thus creating new therapeutic opportunities for patients with CLL