Hubungan Kekerabatan Jamur Pelapuk Putih Pleurotus Spp. Dengan Analisis Isoenzim

Pleurotus spp. is anedible mushroom commonly found on stem of wide leaftrees or other wooden plants in the forest. A number ofPleurotus species are found in Indonesia, and some of themhave been cultivated. An accurate technique is needed toidentify the species of Pleurotus correctly; one of the methodis the isoenzyme technique. Apart from its simplicity, cheapnessand quickness, this method also gives accurate informationon phylogenetic relationship among the Pleurotusspp. The technique was used to determine phylogeneticrelationship in 6 isolates of Pleurotus spp., i.e., Pleurotussp.8, Pleurotus sp.6, Pleurotus sp.1, Pleurotus sp.7, andPleurotus sp.9, using the GOT System. Results of the analysisindicated that all the Pleurotus isolates tested produced twobands with similar thickness, except for Pleurotus sp.1 thatproduced one band that move to the cathode (-). Anotherisolate of Pleurotus spp. produced bands tend to move to theanode (+). The genetic distances between Pleurotus sp.8was similar to that of Pleurotus sp.9, while that of Pleurotussp.6 was similar to Pleurotus sp.7. Genetic distances ofPleurotus sp.8 or Pleurotus sp.9 was similar to Pleurotus sp.6or Pleurotus sp.7, with the longest distance on Pleurotussp.1. Pleurotus sp.1 showed a different migration distance,where one of the isoenzym band tend to move to thecathode (-). This indicated that Pleurotus sp.1 has differentphylogenetic relationship with the other Pleurotus spp

Antibacterial Potency of Pleurotus ostreatus Extract From Fruiting Body and its Solid Substrate on Staphyllococcus aureus

The objective of this research was to evaluate the antibacterial potency of ethanol extract from fruiting body of  Pleurotus ostreatus and Its solid substrate made from coffee husk and sawdust on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25922.  The extract of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body and Tetracycline antibiotic paper disk 30µg/disk were used as control.  The samples were extracted by using maceration method in  30% ethanol solution.  The extracts were diluted with sterile distilled water to concentration 500, 1000, and 5000ppm.  The result showed that the ethanol extracts from fruiting body  of  Pleurotus ostreatus and Ganoderma lucidum and the extracts of coffee husk and sawdust substrate fermented by Pleurotus ostreatus could inhibit the growth of bacteria for all the concentration. There was a significant difference in diameter of cleared zones between  Tetracycline antibiotic disc 30?g  and the ethanol extracts of the samples (p0.05).  Tetracycline was sensitive to S.aureus ATCC25922, while all the extracts were resistant.   This study confirmed that there were the antibacterial potency of mushroom extracts from the fruiting body and also its solid substrates

Fermentabilitas Rumen dan Kecernaan In Vitro Ransum yang Disuplementasi Kulit Buah Kopi Produk Fermentasi Jamur Pleurotus Ostreatus

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi potensi kulit buah kopi yang telah difermentasi jamur Pleurotus ostreatussebagai pakan suplemen secara in vitro berupa tingkat fermentabilitas dalam rumen dan kecernaan bahan kering serta bahan organik ransum. Kulit buah kopi produk biokonversi ditambahkan ke dalam ransum konsentrat sebanyak 0%(R0), 2%(R2), 4%(R4) dan 6%(R6) dari total bahan kering ransum. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dan tiga sumber cairan rumen kambing sebagai blok dan level pemakaian kulit buah kopi dalam ransum sebagai perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap pH rumen dan NH3-N. Nilai rerata pH rumen dalam penelitian ini berada dalam kisaran normal. Suplementasi sampai level tertinggi (6%) tidak mengganggu metabolisme protein dalam rumen. Kadar VFA nyata menurun pada ransum yang disuplementasi dibandingkan ransum kontrol, dan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata dalam produksi VFA diantara ransum yang disuplementasi. Produksi VFA berada dalam kisaran normal. Perlakuan tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap populasi mikrobia rumen (protozoa dan bakteri). Hal ini memberikan indikasi bahwa suplementasi kulit buah kopi produk biokonversi sampai level 6% tidak membahayakan kehidupan mikroba rumen. Kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik ransum yang disuplementasi menurun dibandingkan ransum kontrol. Level 6% penambahan di dalam ransum, kecernaan masih dikategorikan baik

Karakter Morfologis dan Genetik Jamur Tiram (Pleurotus spp.)

Hutan tropis Indonesia merupakan salah satu pusat keanekaragaman hayati di dunia, yang salah satu di antaranya ialah jamur tiram (Pleurotus spp.). Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari karakteristik morfologi dan genetik delapan isolat Pleurotus spp.. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September 2005 sampai April 2006 di Laboratorium Patologi Hutan dan Lab. Silvikultur, serta Lab. Bioteknologi Kehutanan dan Mikrobiologi Molekuler, Pusat Studi Hayati, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Tubuh buah delapan isolat jamur digunakan sebagai bahan pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tubuh buah delapan isolat jamur memiliki warna putih, coklat, atau merah jambu, dengan atau tanpa tangkai, bentuk tudung berupa lingkaran penuh atau setengah lingkaran. Amplifikasi dengan primer RAPD OPO11 menghasilkan 12 pita, satu pita bersifat monomorfik dan 11 pita lainnya bersifat polimorfik yang menunjukkan keragaman pada delapan isolat jamur tiram yang dipelajari. Pengelompokan berdasarkan pola pita amplifikasi primer RAPD tersebut menghasilkan tiga kelompok isolat. Kelompok I terdiri atas isolat Pleurotus sp.17, Pleurotus sp.16, Pleurotus sp.21, Pleurotus sp.27, dan Pleurotus sp.9, kelompok II terdiri atas isolat Pleurotus sp.4 dan Pleurotus sp.5, serta kelompok III yang hanya berisi satu isolat yaitu Pleurotus sp.24. Pengelompokan berdasarkan marka RAPD tersebut sejalan dengan karakteristik morfologinya. Informasi mengenai karakter morfologis dan genetik jamur tiram diharapkan akan bermanfaat untuk pengembangannya sebagai komoditas jamur komersial.Indonesian rainforest is one of the world’s centers of biodiversity, which one of them is the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.). This research was aimed to determine the morphological and genetic characteristics of eight isolates of Pleurotus spp.. The research was conducted from September 2005 to April 2006 at  Forestry Pathology Laboratirum and Silvyculture Lab., and Forestry Biotechnology Lab. and Molecular Microbiology, Center of Biology Study, Agricultural Bogor Institute. The mushroom fruit body of the eight isolates was used as the material for observation of morphological and genetic characters. The results showed that the fruit body of eight isolates exhibited white, brown, or pink in color, with or without stalk, and full or half circle of cap shape. Amplification with RAPD primers OPO11 produced 12 bands, which one band was monomorphic while the others were polymorphic that showed the variability of the eight oyster mushroom isolates. Clustering based on banding patterns of amplification primers resulted in three groups. Group I consisted of Pleurotus sp.17, Pleurotus sp.16, Pleurotus sp.21, Pleurotus sp.27, and Pleurotus sp.9 isolates. Group II included Pleurotus sp.4 and Pleurotus sp.5 isolates, while the third group contained only one isolate i.e. Pleurotus sp.24. The molecular grouping was in line with the morphological characters. Information of morphological and genetic characteristics will hopefully give benefit for the development of the oyster mushroom as one of the commercial commodities

Potensi Trichoderma SP. Dan Gliocladium SP. Sebagai Jamur Antagonis Terhadap Cylindrocladium SP. Penyebab Penyakit Lodoh Pada Persemaian Secara In-vitro

Salah satu penyakit yang umum menyerang tanaman di persemaian adalah penyakit lodoh (damping off) yang disebabkan oleh jamur patogen Cylindrocladium sp. Pengendalian biologi dengan menggunakan jamur antagonis Trichoderma sp. dan Gliocladium sp. merupakan altematif yang diharapkan dapat mengurangi resiko pencemaran dengan meminimalkan gangguan terhadap keseimbangan biologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi jamur antagonis Trichoderma sp. dan Gliocladium sp. dalam pengendalian hayati terhadap patogen Cylindroc/adium sp. penyebab penyakit lodoh pada persemaian tanaman hutan secara in-vitro.Pengujian dilakukan di dalam cawan petri dengan metode biakan ganda (Dual Culture) menggunakan media PDA (agar kentang). Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Split Plot dengan lima perlakuan yaitu perlakuan A untuk satu koloni jamur patogenik Cylindrocladium sp. dengan satu koloni jamur antagonis Trichoderma sp (CT 1:1), B untuk satu koloni jamur patogenik Cylindrocladium sp. dengan dua koloni jamur antagonis Trichoderma sp. (CT 1:2), C untuk satu koloni jamur patogenik Cylindrocladium sp. dengan satu koloni jamur antagonis Gliocladiumsp. (CG 1 :1 ), D untuk satu koloni jamur patogenik Cylindrocladium sp. dengan dua koloni jamur antagonis Giocladium sp. (CG 1:2) dan E untuk Cylindrocladium sp. (kontrol), setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak lima kali. Parameter yang diukur adalah pertumbuhan diameter koloni Cylindrocladium sp. dan persentase penghambatan jamur antagonis terhadap Cylindrocladium sp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase penghambatan jamur antagonis Trichoderma sp. terhadap patogen Cylindrocladium sp. pada perlakuan A (CT 1 : 1) dan perlakuan B (CT 1:2) hari ke-6 masing-masing sebesar 24,2% dan 22,4%, sedangkan persentase penghambatan pada jamur antagonis Gliocladium sp. terhadap patogen Cylindrocladium sp. pada perlakuan C (CG 1:1) dan perlakuan D (CG 1:2) hari ke-6 masing-masing sebesar 19,3% dan 15,2%. Penghambatan ini disebabkan oleh adanya aktivitas antibiosis dan lisis serta persaingan tumbuh dari Trichoderma sp. dan Gliocladium sp. terhadap Cylindrocladium sp

Nutritive Value of Coffee Husk Fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus as Ruminant Feed

Coffee husks is an abundant crop residue but the content of anti nutritional substances such as caffeine, tannin, and lignin limit its utilization as feed ingredients. Higher fungi such as Pleurotus ostreatus have the ability to biotransform lignocellulosic materials through their extracellular enzyme activities. This study was carried out to assess the effect of solid state fermentation by using P. ostreatus on nutrient composition of coffee husk and to evaluate its potency as ruminant feed in vitro. The in vitro experiment was conducted to determine fermentability of treated coffee husk.  The usage rate of fermented coffee husk was mimicked feeding level to mid lactation dairy cows; 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% (R0 to R4). Fermentation of coffee husk by P. ostreatus increased its protein, from 10.36% to 12.14%, and cellulose, from 19.51% to 24.80%, and decreased its lignin, from 65.42% to 45.04%, tannin from 1.02% to 0.18%, and caffeine, from 1.39% to 0.20%, concentrations. There were no differences in ruminal pH and N-ammonia production but volatile fatty acid production and dry matter digestibility decreased as the fermented coffee husk level increased. The ruminal protozoa population in fermented coffee husk diets was lower than the control diets (P<0.05). In conclusion, it is possible to use 20% of fermented coffee husk in the ration