Use of Carob Flour in the Production of Tarhana

In this study, the effect of carob flour incorporation on some physical, chemical, technological, sensory and functional properties of tarhana was investigated. Carob flour was replaced with wheat flour at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% levels in tarhana dough. Dietary fibre, raw fibre, ash, Ca, K, Cu, total phenolic compound contents and total antioxidant capacity of dry tarhana samples as well as the acidity values during fermentation of the wet tarhana samples increased with carob flour substitution. Samples with supplementation had lower lightness and higher Hunter a and b values. Carob flour addition decreased the viscosity and yield stress of tarhana soup samples. The results showed that carob flour addition affected all the parameters measured to various extents including sensory properties. Overall acceptability scores were most highly correlated with taste. According to the sensory analysis results, carob flour can be used successfully up to the amount of 15%. © Copyright by Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences. © 2015 Author(s)

Manufactured export performance of Brazil in the ALADI market: Preferential entry and comparative status

This study presents first a brief overview of the efforts towards creating a free trade area in Latin America (Chapter II); it then reviews the developments of preferential trade policies since the foundation of ALADI in 1980 (Chapter III) as well as the development and patterns of preferential and non-preferential intratrade in the area (Chapter IV), with special reference to Brazilian exports of manufactures to the other members of ALADI. A presentation of some hypotheses beyong preferential treatment regarding the determinants of Brazilian exports to the regional market in Chapter V is complemented with an analysis of ALADI latest developments (Chapter VI) and prospects (Chapter VII).

Functional Disorders of the Brain Induced by Synthesis of Nucleotides Containing 3-Acetylpyridine

Peer Reviewe

Manufactured export performance of Brazil in the ALADI market: Preferential entry and comparative status

This study presents first a brief overview of the efforts towards creating a free trade area in Latin America (Chapter II); it then reviews the developments of preferential trade policies since the foundation of ALADI in 1980 (Chapter III) as well as the development and patterns of preferential and non-preferential intratrade in the area (Chapter IV), with special reference to Brazilian exports of manufactures to the other members of ALADI. A presentation of some hypotheses beyong preferential treatment regarding the determinants of Brazilian exports to the regional market in Chapter V is complemented with an analysis of ALADI latest developments (Chapter VI) and prospects (Chapter VII)

Capital-intensive industries in newly industrializing countries : the case of the Brazilian automobile and steel industries.

Kraftfahrzeugindustrie; Stahlindustrie; Internationaler Wettbewerb; Brasilien;

Clinical Signs for Identifying Autoimmune Encephalitis in Psychiatric Patients

Autoimmune mechanisms causing diverse psychiatric symptoms are increasingly recognized and brought about a paradigm shift in neuropsychiatry. Identification of underlying antibodies against neuronal ion channels or receptors led to the speculation that a number of patients go misdiagnosed with a primary psychiatric disease. However, there is no clear consensus which clinical signs in psychiatric patients should prompt further investigations including measurement of anti-neuronal autoantibodies. We therefore aimed to analyze the presenting symptoms in patients with autoimmune encephalitis and the time between symptom onset and initiation of antibody diagnostics. For this, we recruited 100 patients from the Charité Center for Autoimmune Encephalitis between May and October 2016, including all types of autoimmune encephalitides. Psychiatric abnormalities were the most common clinical symptoms and were the presenting sign in 60%. One-third of patients were initially hospitalized in a psychiatric ward. All patients positive for antibodies against the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor showed behavioral changes, hallucinations, memory deficits, catatonia, or delusions. Patients positive for antibodies against other cell surface or intracellular antigens were often hospitalized with a psychosomatic diagnosis. The time between occurrence of first symptoms and antibody testing was often alarmingly prolonged. In patients with symptom onset between 2013 and 2016, the mean delay was 74 days, in cases diagnosed between 2007 and 2012 even 483 days, suggesting though that increased awareness of this novel disease group helped to expedite proper diagnosis and treatment. By analyzing the medical records in detail, we identified clinical signs that may help to assist in earlier diagnosis, including seizures, catatonia, autonomic instability, or hyperkinesia. Indeed, reanalyzing the whole cohort using these “red flags” led to a 58% reduction of time between symptom onset and diagnosis. We conclude that the timely diagnosis of an autoimmune psychiatric disease can be facilitated by use of the described clinical warning signs, likely enabling earlier immunotherapy and better prognosis. Also, the threshold for cerebrospinal fluid analysis and autoantibody testing should be low

Neurotoxicity

Neurotoxicity refers to the direct or indirect effect of chemicals that disrupt the nervous system of humans or animals. Numerous chemicals can produce neurotoxic diseases in humans, and many more are used as experimental tools to disturb or damage the nervous system of animals. Some act directly on neural cells, others interfere with metabolic processes on which the nervous system is especially dependent. Some disrupt neural function, others induce maldevelopment or damage to the adult nervous system. Perturbations may appear and disappear rapidly, evolve slowly over days or weeks and regress over months or years, or cause permanent deficits. Neurotoxicity is usually self-limiting after exposure ceases and rarely progressive in the absence of continued exposure, although there may be a significant delay between exposure and manifestation of neurotoxic effects

On computational irreducibility and the predictability of complex physical systems

Using elementary cellular automata (CA) as an example, we show how to coarse-grain CA in all classes of Wolfram's classification. We find that computationally irreducible (CIR) physical processes can be predictable and even computationally reducible at a coarse-grained level of description. The resulting coarse-grained CA which we construct emulate the large-scale behavior of the original systems without accounting for small-scale details. At least one of the CA that can be coarse-grained is irreducible and known to be a universal Turing machine.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, to be published in PR