How do G proteins directly control neuronal Ca2+ channel function?

Ca2+ entry into neuronal cells is modulated by the activation of numerous G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Much effort has been invested in studying direct G-protein-mediated inhibition of voltage-dependent CaV2 Ca2+ channels. This inhibition occurs through a series of convergent modifications in the biophysical properties of the channels. An integrated view of the structural organization of the Gbetagamma-dimer binding-site pocket within the channel is emerging. In this review, we discuss how variable geometry of the Gbetagamma binding pocket can yield distinct sets of channel inhibition. In addition, we propose specific mechanisms for the regulation of the channel by G proteins that take into account the regulatory input of each Gbetagamma binding element

Etude de l'inactivation des canaux calciques de type T (l'inactivation lente de l'isotype CaV3.1)

PARIS-BIUSJ-Thèses (751052125) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

Trade policy repercussions: the role of local product space -Evidence from China

Our study shows that the relatively under-studied VAT export rebate system is a major industrial policy of the Chinese authorities to support exports. We use city-specific export-quantity data at the HS6-product level over the 2003-12 period to assess how changes in the VAT export tax have affected China's export performance. We are particularly interested in how the impact of this policy varies within products across cities depending on how well connected the targeted product is to the local productive structure. Our difference-indifference estimates exploit an eligibility rule disqualifying some export flows from the rebates. Our results suggest that a one percent rise in the VAT export tax leads to a 6.6% relative decrease in eligible export quantities. We then show that the effectiveness of this export tax policy is magnified when it applies to products with denser links with the local productive structure. Hence export benefits from VAT export rebates are greater for cities that have the necessary capabilities and resources to carry out the activities supported by this rebate policy

Export management and incomplete VAT rebates to exporters: the case of China

Compared to most countries, China’s value-added tax (VAT) system is not neutral and makes it less advantageous to export a product than to sell it domestically, as exporters may not receive a complete refund on the domestic VAT they have paid on their inputs. However, the large and frequent changes to the VAT refunds which are offered to exporters have been led China to be accused of providing its firms with an unfair advantage in global trade. We use city-specific export-quantity data at the HS6-productlevel over the 2003-12 period to assess how changes in these VAT rebates have affected Chinese export performance. Our identification strategy relies on triple difference estimates that exploit an eligibility rule which disqualifies processing trade with supplied materials from these rebates. We find that changes in VAT rebates have significant export repercussions: eligible export quantity for a given city-HS6 pair rises by 6.5% following a one percentage-point increase in the VAT rebate. This magnitude yields abetter understanding of the strong resistance of Chinese exports during the global recession, in which export rebates increased substantially

Un outil de politique industrielle efficace en Chine: la discrimination dans le remboursement de la TVA aux exportateurs

Texte publié dans la rubrique "Zoom sur la recherche" du site Internet du CERDIOur study shows that China's export value-added tax (VAT) rebate system is a major industrial policy that affects its exports. We use export data at the HS6-product level for a panel of 329 Chinese cities over the 2003-12 period to assess how changes in the export VAT tax have affected China's export performance. We consider different trade margins in terms of volumes, prices, and the number of countries served. To counter endogeneity, we exploit variations in the expected impact of the export VAT rebates by trade regime, which come from an eligibility rule disqualifying certain export flows from the rebates. Our results suggest that a 1% decline in the export VAT tax leads to a 7.2% relative increase in eligible export values at the city level. This effect is due to an adjustment of quantities and the number of foreign markets served while the average unit values of exports remain unchanged.Peu connu, le système de remboursement de la TVA sur les intrants aux exportateurs constitue un réel levier de la politique industrielle chinoise. Son impact discriminant pour les entreprises chinoises affecte fortement la composition et le dynamisme des exportations du pays.Depuis 1994, la Chine a mis en place un système de taxe sur la valeur ajoutée (TVA). Le pays n’en a pas fait une taxe neutre pour les exportateurs, à la différence, par exemple, des pays de l’UE. Ainsi, si les exportations ne sont pas soumises à cette taxe, les autorités ne remboursent pas systématiquement la totalité de la TVA que les exportateurs ont payée sur les intrants achetés dans le pays

Trade policy repercussions: the role of local product space -Evidence from China

Our study shows that the relatively under-studied VAT export rebate system is a major industrial policy of the Chinese authorities to support exports. We use city-specific export-quantity data at the HS6-product level over the 2003-12 period to assess how changes in the VAT export tax have affected China's export performance. We are particularly interested in how the impact of this policy varies within products across cities depending on how well connected the targeted product is to the local productive structure. Our difference-indifference estimates exploit an eligibility rule disqualifying some export flows from the rebates. Our results suggest that a one percent rise in the VAT export tax leads to a 6.6% relative decrease in eligible export quantities. We then show that the effectiveness of this export tax policy is magnified when it applies to products with denser links with the local productive structure. Hence export benefits from VAT export rebates are greater for cities that have the necessary capabilities and resources to carry out the activities supported by this rebate policy

Estimating the Repercussions from China’s Export VAT Rebate Policy

International audienceOur study shows that China's export value-added tax (VAT) rebate system is a major industrial policy that affects its exports. We use export data at the HS6 product level for a panel of 329 Chinese cities over the 2003-2012 period to assess how changes in the export VAT tax have affected China's export performance. We consider different trade margins in terms of volumes, prices, and the number of countries served. To counter endogeneity, we exploit variations in the expected impact of the export VAT rebates by trade regime, which come from an eligibility rule disqualifying certain export flows from the rebates. Our results suggest that a 1 percent decline in the export VAT tax leads to a 7.2 percent relative increase in eligible export values at the city level. This effect is due to an adjustment of quantities and the number of foreign markets served while the average unit values of exports remain unchanged

Un outil de politique industrielle efficace en Chine: la discrimination dans le remboursement de la TVA aux exportateurs

Texte publié dans la rubrique "Zoom sur la recherche" du site Internet du CERDIOur study shows that China's export value-added tax (VAT) rebate system is a major industrial policy that affects its exports. We use export data at the HS6-product level for a panel of 329 Chinese cities over the 2003-12 period to assess how changes in the export VAT tax have affected China's export performance. We consider different trade margins in terms of volumes, prices, and the number of countries served. To counter endogeneity, we exploit variations in the expected impact of the export VAT rebates by trade regime, which come from an eligibility rule disqualifying certain export flows from the rebates. Our results suggest that a 1% decline in the export VAT tax leads to a 7.2% relative increase in eligible export values at the city level. This effect is due to an adjustment of quantities and the number of foreign markets served while the average unit values of exports remain unchanged.Peu connu, le système de remboursement de la TVA sur les intrants aux exportateurs constitue un réel levier de la politique industrielle chinoise. Son impact discriminant pour les entreprises chinoises affecte fortement la composition et le dynamisme des exportations du pays.Depuis 1994, la Chine a mis en place un système de taxe sur la valeur ajoutée (TVA). Le pays n’en a pas fait une taxe neutre pour les exportateurs, à la différence, par exemple, des pays de l’UE. Ainsi, si les exportations ne sont pas soumises à cette taxe, les autorités ne remboursent pas systématiquement la totalité de la TVA que les exportateurs ont payée sur les intrants achetés dans le pays

Estimating the repercussions from China's export value-added tax rebate policy*

Our study shows that China's export value-added tax (VAT) rebate system is a major industrial policy that affects its exports. We use export data at the HS6 product level for a panel of 329 Chinese cities over the 2003–2012 period to assess how changes in the export VAT tax have affected China's export performance. We consider different trade margins in terms of volumes, prices, and the number of countries served. To counter endogeneity, we exploit variations in the expected impact of the export VAT rebates by trade regime, which come from an eligibility rule disqualifying certain export flows from the rebates. Our results suggest that a 1 percent decline in the export VAT tax leads to a 7.2 percent relative increase in eligible export values at the city level. This effect is due to an adjustment of quantities and the number of foreign markets served while the average unit values of exports remain unchanged

Estimating the Repercussions from China’s Export VAT Rebate Policy

International audienc