Suppressing Damages in Involuntary Parenthood Actions: Contorting Tort Law, Denying Reproductive Freedom, and Discriminating Against Mothers

Involuntary parenthood actions are negligence actions, usually medical malpractice cases involving a failed sterilization, inadequate warning about the risks of pregnancy, or a failed abortion. In Canada, they will soon also involve product liability claims against negligent birth control manufacturers, providers and regulators. This article considers whether the parents\u27 damages ought to include the cost of raising the child. No Canadian appellate court has ever ruled on this point, although it has been adjudicated extensively by the highest courts elsewhere in the common law world. At least 7 different rules limiting such recovery have been endorsed in the Canadian lower courts. Most of the limiting rules are unique to involuntary parenthood cases, deviating from the outcome that would prevail were the standard rules of negligence law applied. Many have no rational foundation. This article concludes that the failure to compensate parents for the cost of raising the child cannot be justified. Rather the refusal to compensate for reasonable child rearing expenses constitutes discrimination against parents, especially women who are mothers. This discrimination is sometimes, perhaps often, perpetrated by judges who refuse to accept and protect a woman\u27s right to reproductive freedom. These mothers are under-compensated, and the medical establishment that failed them is under-deterred

Júlio Resende: a voz da pintura

A pertinência deste artigo cinge-se à apresentação do percurso e obra do Pintor Júlio Resende no ano em que se encerram as comemorações do centenário de nascimento do pintor. As comemorações tiveram como objetivo celebrar o nascimento do pintor, valorizar o património artístico contemporâneo, dinamizar e aprofundar a obra de Júlio Resende

Services Report FY 2003

This Service Report features: Information about The Office of Sponsored Programs and Research; Accumulative Submissions as of June 30, 2003 (External); Accumulative Awards as of June 30, 2003 (External); Submissions by College/Unit, FY 1999 - 2003; Awards by College/Unit FY 1999 - 2003; UNOmaha FY 2003 External Submissions; and UNOmaha FY2003 External Grant Awards

Cupping the Pacific - China's Rising Influence

Arms sales are always for enhancement of self-interest of the seller country, they are primarily for the furtherance of own strategic and commercial interests. The strategic reasons include widening of areas of influence vis-a-vis a perceived adversary, a projection of power in the desired region, quid pro quo proposition in times of hostilities through utilization of recipient’s military facilities and resources or for gaining political upper hand in international bodies. Arms sales are invariably never without a hidden agenda on the part of the seller. The sales are justified under the garb of strengthening self-defense capabilities of the recipient or providing support against an adversary. The commercial interests include furtherance of own defense manufacturing capabilities, enhancement of the profits accrued to its own defense industries or as a quid pro quo for other products of interest from the recipient. This article takes in to account only the certified arms sales as recorded by Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) and does not detail political, social, educational or other soft-influence approaches in the Pacific region by China. The article considers a towering influence of the United States in the Pacific region since the second world war as a given and hence the arms sales by the United States (U.S.) are not discussed vis-à-vis China. Further, an attempt has been made to indicate to the rising Chinese influence in view of its sales of arms in the region so as to spur some timely corrective measures to ensure cooperative and collective freedom of the Pacific Commons. The countries considered in the article comprise South East Asia and South America

Avalanche forecasting for transportation corridor and backcountry in Glacier National Park (BC, Canada)

The Avalanche Control Section at Rogers Pass is responsible for avalanche safety on the Trans Canada Highway and Canadian Pacific Railroad within Glacier National Park and for the daily issue of an avalanche warning bulletin for backcountry users of the park. During the winter of 1995-96 a small research project made shear frame tests of persistent weak layers at a study plot near tree line to study strength changes. The shear frame data were also used to assess the snow stability in the surrounding terrain. Concurrently, at the same location, traditional meteorological and snowpack observations were made to assess snow stability for operational use. The two methods of stability assessment are compared and related to the avalanche activity (natural and artificial) along the highway and in the adjacent backcountry for an active storm and avalanche period. At that time avalanche forecasting strongly depended on a buried surface hoar layer that showed some interesting behaviour. Shear frame measurements proved again to be an important parameter to assess snow stability. Experience in winter 1995-96 suggests that a combination of shear frame measurements in study plots with stability tests on slopes is most efficient since it reveals (1) the temporal development of instabilities, and (2) the spatial distribution of instabilities and the reactivity on artificial triggering, strongly depending on slab properties

Services Report FY 2002

This Service Report features: Information about The Office of Sponsored Programs and Research; Awards by College/Unit FY 2000 - 2002; Submissions by College/Unit, FY 2000 - 2002; and UNOmaha FY2002 External Grant Awards

The Effect of Bullying Victim Psychoeducation Intervention on Decreasing Anxiety of High School Teenagers in Gorontalo Regency

In general, bullying is a school tradition carried out by seniors if they don't follow their rules, although there is also a lot of peer bullying. Victims of bullying are usually reluctant to complain to other parties, including parents because they are worried that they will get worse treatment. This study aims to determine the effect of bullying victim psychoeducation intervention on reducing the anxiety of high school adolescents in the Gorontalo Regency. This research method is a qualitative study with a pre-test and post-test design without a control group. The population in this study were high school adolescents. The sample in this study were 16 respondents. Data obtained through observation, questionnaires, interviews, and primary data obtained through data obtained from families and sufferers and related research. The results showed that there was a decrease in students' anxiety levels before and after the intervention. When viewed from the mean and standard deviation as well as the score in assessing the level of anxiety after being given psychoeducation to students who experience bullying at school, there is a decrease in the signs and symptoms of adolescent anxiety towards a better direction. Psychoeducation therapy in this research is in the form of cognitive strengthening, discussion, repeated counseling, anxiety management. In this study, interventions were given to respondents through bullying-related psychoeducation so that the anxiety level of adolescents decreased

Long-term manuring: what happens when application ceases?

Non-Peer Reviewe