Dissipação do Thiamethoxam e sua Influência nos Teores de Fenóis em Hedychium Coronarium

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460X17302The growth of agriculture over natural environments has led to the exposition of several plant species to pesticides without the due knowledge of their effects on the physiology of these organisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of thiamethoxam on the levels of total phenols and on the chromatographic profile of Hedychium coronarium leaves and rhizomes. The plants of H. coronarium were exposed to two concentrations of thiamethoxam in a controlled environment with the application of spraying. The pesticide was detected in leaves during the first 26 days of experiment, but not in rhizomes. The levels of thiamethoxam showed an important reduction in the leaves during the experiment. The levels of total phenols were affected by the presence of thiamethoxam. The similarity in the frequency peaks in the chromatographic profile of the leaves and rhizomes showed the influence of the insecticide, in which this influence in rhizomes was more evident in the concentration of 190 mg L-1.O crescimento da agricultura sobre os ambientes naturais tem levado várias espécies vegetais à exposição aos inseticidas, sem que seu papel na fisiologia destes organismos seja conhecido. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os teores de thiamethoxam e determinar sua influência nos teores de fenóis totais e no perfil cromatográfico das folhas e rizomas de Hedychium coronarium. As plantas de H. coronarium foram expostas a duas concentrações de thiamethoxam em ambiente controlado, com aplicação através de pulverização. O inseticida foi detectado nas folhas durante os 26 dias de experimento, mas não nos rizomas. Os teores de thiamethoxam apresentaram uma redução acentuada nas folhas no decorrer do experimento. Os teores de fenóis totais sofreram influência da presença do thiamethoxam. A similaridade na frequência dos picos no perfil cromatográfico das folhas e rizomas demonstrou a influência do inseticida, onde nos rizomas essa influência ficou mais evidente na concentração de 190 mg L-1.

Avaliação de Metais nos Peixes Astyanax Altiparanae, Leporinus Friderici e Hypostomus Strigaticeps, Coletados no Córrego Curral de Arame, Dourados, MS

O lançamento de metais no ambiente causa uma série de problemas ambientais. Portanto, este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a concentração dos metais ferro, zinco, cobre, níquel e cromo em Astyanax altiparanae, Leporinus friderici e Hypostomus strigaticeps coletados no córrego Curral de Arame, Dourados, MS. As coletas de peixes foram realizadas durante oito meses em quatro pontos do córrego. As análises de metais foram realizadas empregando absorção atômica. O zinco evidenciou melhor a diferença entre os pontos de coleta. O peixe de fundo apresentou maior concentração de metais em relação às outras espécies. Os resultados apresentados indicam que as amostras de peixes não excederam as concentrações de metais permitidas pela legislação brasileira, mostrando-se que os peixes avaliados são boas fontes dos metais analisados, considerando os valores de ingestão diária recomendada.

Extratos padronizados para o tratamento de doenças crônicas: Serjania marginata Casar. (Sapindaceae)

Sapindaceae family is extensively studied on a pharmacological point of view. Serjania marginata Casar., a specie of this family, is indicated popularly for stomach aches. The objectives of this work were to standardize the chemical profile, to characterize the chemical composition of 70% EtOH extract from S. marginata, to quantify the marker substances for the specie, to assess the acute toxicity, neurotoxicity, anti-ulcerogenic, antiradical and mutagenic activities of the extract, to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and to evaluate conditions of ex situ cultivation for the specie. The studies were performed with leaves of native plants from the Cerrado and of plants grown in the Garden of Medicinal Plants from the UFGD, Dourados-MS. The highest contents were achieved by the native accesses collected during February 2011 (32.6%). During the chemical screening, it was determined that the extract was composed by flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols and steroids. Fifteen substances were isolated which were classified as flavonoids, tannins and saponins, and the oleanolic acid 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→4)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside and 7,5”-anhidroapigenin 8-C-α-(2,6-dideoxy-5-hydroxy-ribo-hexopyranosyl)-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside described for the first time in the literature. The extract here studied did not show any toxic or neurotoxic effect by acute oral dose neither presented any mutagenic potential. Significant anti-ulcer activity of the extract was evidenced when applied in different pharmacological modulations, evaluated in vivo. The extracts from leaves harvested in different growing seasons evaluated through the use of the reagent DPPH showed high antiradical activity when compared to the gallic acid and quercetin, mainly due to the presence of tannins. Plants collected after flowering showed higher amounts of phenolic compounds and, before flowering, ...A família Sapindaceae é bastante estudada do ponto de vista farmacológico. A Serjania marginata Casar., uma espécie dessa família, é indicada, popularmente, para dores de estômago. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estabelecer o perfil químico, isolar e caracterizar os constituintes químicos do extrato EtOH 70% de S. marginata, quantificar as substâncias marcadoras da espécie, avaliar a toxicidade aguda, neurotoxicidade, atividade anti-ulcerogênica, antiradicalar e mutagênica do extrato, determinar o teor de fenóis e flavonoides totais e avaliar a espécie no cultivo ex situ. Os estudos foram realizados com as folhas de plantas nativas do Cerrado e cultivadas no Horto de Plantas Medicinais, da UFGD, em Dourados-MS. O maior rendimento foi da espécie nativa coletada em fevereiro de 2011 (32,6%). Pela triagem fitoquímica, determinou-se que o extrato é composto por flavonoides, saponinas, taninos, compostos fenólicos e esteróides. Foram isoladas quinze substâncias, das classes dos flavonoides, taninos e saponinas, sendo o ácido oleanólico 3-O-α-L-arabinopiranosil(1→3)-α-L-ramnopiranosil(1→2)[β-D-glicopiranosil(1→4)]-α-L-arabinopiranosídeo e a 7,5”-anidroapigenina 8-C-α-(2,6-dideoxi-5-hidroxi-ribo-hexopiranosil)-4'-O-β-D-glucopiranosídeo, descritos pela primeira vez na literatura. O extrato não apresentou efeitos tóxicos nem neurotóxicos no uso oral agudo e não foi mutagênico. Evidenciou-se também significativa atividade anti-úlcera para o extrato em diversos modelos farmacológicos, avaliados in vivo. Os extratos das folhas colhidas em diferentes épocas de cultivo, avaliados através do uso do reagente DPPH, apresentaram alta atividade antiradicalar, quando comparados ao ácido gálico e quercetina, especialmente devido à presença de taninos. As plantas coletadas após o florescimento apresentaram maior quantidade de compostos fenólicos e, antes do florescimento, maior concentração de flavonoides...Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Desinfecção de mudas e do solo com óleo de eucalipto na produção de mandioquinha-salsa

The effect of eucalyptus oil as disinfectant of cuttings and of soil on yield and disease control during cultivation cycle of ‘Amarela de Carandaí’ Peruvian carrot, was studied. Treatments were originated from 2 (without-MS and with MC disinfection of cuttings in aqueous solution with 1% of oil, for 35”) x 3 (without-SSPOE and with-SCPOEsprinkling on the soil, before and after planting, with aqueous solution with 2% of oil) factorial scheme. Harvests were done on 224 and 266 days after planting-DAP. Fresh masses of leaves, shoots and crowns were similar statistically among MS but, among MC, the highest values corresponded to those planted in SCPOE. The highest yields of commercial roots on 224DAP(5.94 and 6.90 t ha-1) and 266DAP(7.07and 7.47 t ha-1) were from treatments where MS and MC were planted in SCPOE before planting. Symptoms of burning leaves (association of Alternariasp and of Septoriasp) and of rot of crows and shoots (Sclerotiumsp) were observed. It was concluded that, in order to obtaining a greater yield of commercial roots of Peruvian carrot, using cuttings that were disinfected or not, eucalyptus oil must be sprinkled on soil before planting, although without waiting effects on foliar diseases and rots at the final of the cycle.Foi estudado o efeito do óleo de eucalipto na desinfecção de mudas e do solo sobre a produção e no controle de doenças durante o ciclo de cultivo da mandioquinha-salsa ‘Amarela de Carandaí’. Os tratamentos originaram-se do fatorial 2 (sem-MS e com-MC desinfecção das mudas em solução aquosa com 1% do óleo, por 35”) x 3 (sem-SSPOE e com-SCPOE pulverização do solo, antes ou depois do plantio, com solução aquosa com 2% do óleo). Foram realizadas colheitas das plantas aos 224 e 266 dias após o plantio-DAP. As massas frescas de folhas, rebentos e coroas foram semelhantes estatisticamente dentre as MS mas, dentro das MC, os maiores valores corresponderam às plantadas em SCPOE. As maiores produções de raízes comerciais aos 224DAP(5,94 e 6,90 t ha-1)e aos 266DAP(7,07e 7,47t ha-1)foram dos tratamentos onde as MS e MC foram plantadas em SCPOE antes do plantio. Foram observados sintomas de queima das folhas (associação de Alternariasp.e de Septoriasp.) e de podridões das coroas e dos rebentos (Sclerotiumsp.). Concluiu-se que, para se obter maior produção de raízes comerciais da mandioquinha-salsa, usando mudas desinfetadas ou não, deve-se pulverizar óleo de eucalipto no solo antes do plantio, embora sem esperar efeito sobre doenças foliares e podridões de final de ciclo

Disinfection of cuttings and of soil with eucalyptus oil on Peruvian carrot yield

Foi estudado o efeito do óleo de eucalipto na desinfecção de mudas e do solo sobre a produção e no controle de doenças durante o ciclo de cultivo da mandioquinha-salsa ‘Amarela de Carandaí’. Os tratamentos originaram-se do fatorial 2 (sem-MS e com-MC desinfecção das mudas em solução aquosa com 1% do óleo, por 35”) x 3 (sem-SSPOE e com-SCPOE pulverização do solo, antes ou depois do plantio, com solução aquosa com 2% do óleo). Foram realizadas colheitas das plantas aos 224 e 266 dias após o plantio-DAP. As massas frescas de folhas, rebentos e coroas foram semelhantes estatisticamente dentre as MS mas, dentro das MC, os maiores valores corresponderam às plantadas em SCPOE. As maiores produções de raízes comerciais aos 224DAP (5,94 e 6,90 t ha-1) e aos 266DAP (7,07 e 7,47 t ha-1) foram dos tratamentos onde as MS e MC foram plantadas em SCPOE antes do plantio. Foram observados sintomas de queima das folhas (associação de Alternaria sp. e de Septoria sp.) e de podridões das coroas e dos rebentos (Sclerotium sp.). Concluiu-se que, para se obter maior produção de raízes comerciais da mandioquinha-salsa, usando mudas desinfetadas ou não, deve-se pulverizar óleo de eucalipto no solo antes do plantio, embora sem esperar efeito sobre doenças foliares e podridões de final de ciclo.The effect of eucalyptus oil as disinfectant of cuttings and of soil on yield and disease control during cultivation cycle of ‘Amarela de Carandaí’ Peruvian carrot, was studied. Treatments were originated from 2 (without-MS and with MC disinfection of cuttings in aqueous solution with 1% of oil, for 35”) x 3 (without-SSPOE and with-SCPOE sprinkling on the soil, before and after planting, with aqueous solution with 2% of oil) factorial scheme. Harvests were done on 224 and 266 days after planting-DAP. Fresh masses of leaves, shoots and crowns were similar statistically among MS but, among MC, the highest values corresponded to those planted in SCPOE. The highest yields of commercial roots on 224DAP (5.94 and 6.90 t ha-1) and  266DAP (7.07 and 7.47 t ha-1) were from treatments where MS and MC were planted in SCPOE before planting. Symptoms of burning leaves (association of Alternaria sp and of Septoria sp) and of rot of crows and shoots (Sclerotium sp) were observed. It was concluded that, in order to obtaining a greater yield of commercial roots of Peruvian carrot, using cuttings that were disinfected or not, eucalyptus oil must be sprinkled on soil before planting, although without waiting effects on foliar diseases and rots at the final of the cycle

<b>Isolation, identification, and metabolic characterization of endophytic fungi from </b><b><i>Attalea geraensis</i></b><b> Barb. Rodr.</b>

This study aimed to characterize the endophytic fungi found on the leaves of Attalea geraensis, analyzing their synthesized chemical compounds.Our findings showed that a total of 225 leaf fragments were sampled, with fungal growth observed in 80 of them, representing a colonization frequency of 35.5%. Forty-three isolates were randomly selected and grouped into 29 morphogroups based on morphological characteristics. Sequences obtained from amplifying the 18S region of rDNA led to the identification of 17 endophytic isolates through BLAST analysis in the GenBank database. Phylogenetic analyses provided precise identification of various species and genera, including Diaporthe macintoshii, Diaphorte sp., Phomopsis sp., among others.Chemical analyses revealed the predominant presence of coumarins in all fungal extracts, albeit with variations in intensity. Tannins were detected in 14 out of 17 extracts, ranging from moderate to low intensity. Variations in metabolite classes were observed among different genera, indicating distinct adaptations for biotic interactions. PCA indicated that the first two Principal Components explained 82.84% of the total variance in metabolite class data. The factor distribution highlighted three accession groups, showing a high correlation between coumarin and tannin contents.These results suggest significant diversity of cultivable endophytic fungi in Attalea geraensis leaves, with important implications for understanding the ecology of these organisms and their metabolic potential.Chemical screening of the isolated fungi showed the presence of coumarins in all extracts, varying in intensity. Tannins were detected in 14 out of 17 extracts, with moderate to low intensity. Different genera exhibited distinct chemical profiles, suggesting adaptations for environmental interactions.Principal Component Analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the first two principal components accounted for 82.84% of the total variance in metabolite classes. The distribution of factors highlighted three accession groups, with high correlation between coumarin and tannin contents.Overall, the findings underscored the diversity of cultivable endophytic fungi associated with Attalea geraensis leaves and provided insights into their metabolic potential and ecological roles.</p

Study on the Cytotoxic, Genotoxic and Clastogenic Potential of Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. Oil Pulp In Vitro and In Vivo Experimental Models.

Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. (Arecaceae), popularly known as "bacuri", is used in Brazilian folk medicine. Its oil is used orally to relieve pulmonary congestion and joint pain. In topical applications, it is applied as an effective hair tonic and anti-dandruff. The in natura pulp and its nuts are used as food because of its nutritional value. Despite its use in folk medicine, there is a lack of data regarding its in vivo/in vitro cytotoxic/genotoxic and clastogenic effects. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic, genotoxic and clastogenic effects of Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. oil (APMO) in vitro and in vivo. For the analysis of cytotoxic potential, the Artemia salina and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethizzol-zyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays were performed. Possible cytotoxic, genotoxic and clastogenic effects of APMO intake were determined by performing the comet and micronucleus assays. Male and female Wistar rats were orally treated with doses of 125, 250, 500 or 1000 mg.kg-1 of the APMO daily for 28 consecutive days (four weeks). The results showed that the APMO did not induce cell death in the experiments of Artemia salina and MTT, indicating that it has no cytotoxicity. The APMO did not cause significant damage to the DNA of the rats in the four doses used when compared to the negative control group (saline + Tween® 80). The APMO did not present any significant increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) for the four tested doses. When compared to the positive control group, all groups (comet and micronucleus tests) were statistically different. These data suggest that the administration of Attalea phalerata Mart oil. ex Spreng does not cause cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and clastogenicity in experimental models in vitro and in vivo following oral administration in this study

Study on the cytotoxic, genotoxic and clastogenic potential of attalea phalerata mart. ex spreng. oil pulp in vitro and in vivo experimental models

Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. (Arecaceae), popularly known as "bacuri", is used in Brazilian folk medicine. Its oil is used orally to relieve pulmonary congestion and joint pain. In topical applications, it is applied as an effective hair tonic and anti-dandruff. The in natura pulp and its nuts are used as food because of its nutritional value. Despite its use in folk medicine, there is a lack of data regarding its in vivo/in vitro cytotoxic/genotoxic and clastogenic effects. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic, genotoxic and clastogenic effects of Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. oil (APMO) in vitro and in vivo. For the analysis of cytotoxic potential, the Artemia salina and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethizzol-zyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays were performed. Possible cytotoxic, genotoxic and clastogenic effects of APMO intake were determined by performing the comet and micronucleus assays. Male and female Wistar rats were orally treated with doses of 125, 250, 500 or 1000 mg.kg(-1) of the APMO daily for 28 consecutive days (four weeks). The results showed that the APMO did not induce cell death in the experiments of Artemia salina and MTT, indicating that it has no cytotoxicity. The APMO did not cause significant damage to the DNA of the rats in the four doses used when compared to the negative control group (saline + Tween (R) 80). The APMO did not present any significant increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) for the four tested doses. When compared to the positive control group, all groups (comet and micronucleus tests) were statistically different. These data suggest that the administration of Attalea phalerata Mart oil. ex Spreng does not cause cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and clastogenicity in experimental models in vitro and in vivo following oral administration in this study1110CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO AO DESENVOLVIMENTO DO ENSINO, CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL - FUNDECTsem informaçã