The development of education in Sunderland during the nineteenth century.

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Analysis and Classification of Music-induced States of Sadness

The enjoyment and pleasure derived from sad music has sparked fascination amongst researchers due to its seemingly paradoxical nature in producing positive affect. Research is yet to develop a comprehensive understanding of this ‘paradox’. Contradictory findings have resulted in a great variability within the literature, meaning results and interpretations can be difficult to derive. Consequently, this review collated the current literature, seeking to utilize the variability in the findings to propose a model of differential sad states, providing a means for past and future findings to be interpreted. The proposed model is based in theoretical understanding, as such it requires full empirical support. Comparisons to alternative models, theoretical, clinical, and cognitive implications, as well as future directions are discussed

The Enhancing and Impairing Effect of Sad Music: Moderating Role of Cognitive Reappraisal

Seemingly paradoxical, sad music has exhibited potential in improving mood in individuals, as well as being detrimental to mood and indicative of maladaptive behaviours concerning emotion regulation. Research suggests that different adaptive and maladaptive behaviours underlie sad music listening. As such, cognitive reappraisal (CR) was explored, investigating its effectiveness at promoting adaptive behaviours associated with sad music listening, while negating the negative psychological outcomes. CR is a cognitive skill that focuses on the reframing and re-evaluation of negative events in a positive way. Across two studies, the combined effect of sad music and CR, when exposed to neutral or sad events on mood, was explored. Data analyses revealed that CR significantly enhanced mood notably more than the control task. A three-way interaction effect revealed that increases to MDD severity was associated with worse mood regulation across all but one condition. Only happy music and the control task was associated with an increase in mood regulation despite increased MDD severity. Therefore, CR was shown to be effective in improving one's mood, though mood regulation typically decreased as MDD severity increased. The discussion covered how these results fit into the existing literature and covers the theoretical implications

Ars memoriµ: the art of memory made plaine [electronic resource] /

A fragment; title page only.Reproduction of original in the British Library.ThomasonEarly English books tract supplement interim guideElectronic reproduction

Evaluation elements forming Z-DNA as potential regulators of the expression of biopharmaceuticals in CH0-K1 cells

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Molecular, 2013.Introdução: o grupo de Imunologia Molecular/UnB já produziu anticorpos recombinantes e humanizados de interesse comercial como o anti-CD18, anti-CD3, ou acadêmico como o anti-Z22,assim como fatores plasmáticos humanos. Os vetores de expressão utilizados contêm o promotor de CMV-IA. O objetivo desse trabalho foi explorar regiões formadoras de Z-DNA, e testar diretamente o papel do anticorpo estabilizador de Z-DNA (antiZ22NLS - Z22) no efeito transcricional do promotor CMV modificado (zCMV-IA). Material e Métodos: O primeiro passo foi reconstruir o cassete de expressão dos vetores tradicionais utilizados nesse trabalho, pCO e pCO?600. Para isso, fusionamos o gene GFP ao anticorpo recombinante aCD3. Os passos seguintes foram a introdução de sequências formadoras de Z-DNA (Z1, Z3 e Z4) e controles não formadores de Z-DNA (Z2 e Z5) a montante do promotor CMV-IA. Resultados e Discussão: foram construídos 10 vetores de expressão: 5 construções pCO (pZ1, pZ2, pZ3, pZ4 e pZ5) e 5 construções pCO?600 (?Z1, ?Z2, ?Z3, ?Z4 e ?Z5); transfecção de células CHO-K1 com as construções utilizando Lipofectamina LTX na proporção 1:1 de DNA e reagente LTX; Por fim co-transfecção de células com cada vetor de expressão e vetor pMacZ22NLS e como controle de cada vetor de expressão também foi feita transfecção com vetor pMac vazio. Em comparação aos controles em todas as construções a presença do pMacZ22 NLS aumentou a eficiência de transfecção. Através de citometria de fluxo se verificou aumento da MFI no gate das células GFP+ em até 25 % quando foi co-transfectado vetor com anti-Z-DNA. Conclusão: foi mostrado o papel de anti Z22 como indutor e estabilizador de Z-DNA e seu efeito facilitador da transcrição. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTIntroduction: Recombinant antibodies are now a reality in therapeutics. But its production is still a challenging issue. We have been developing expression vectors for heterologous expression of recombinant antibodies based on the CMV promotor. We had previously shown that a Z-DNA forming region upstream the promotor/enhancer enhances luciferase expression in a repórter vector. The aim of this study was to explore Z-DNA forming regions, and directly test the role of a Z-DNA stabilizing antibody on a modified CMV promoter (zCMV). Material and Methods: Initially, the GFP gene was fused with a recombinant antibody anti-CD3 and the fusion cassette was introduced in both pCO and pCO?6OO. Then we introduced the Z-DNA forming sequences (Z1, Z3 and Z4) and control sequences (Z2 and Z5) upstream of the CMV promoter. CHO cells were transfected using Lipofectamine LTX 1:1, DNA and LTX reagent. To provide the trans acting anti-Z-DNA antibody, we cotransfect cells with the vector pMACZ22NLS, that produces a scFv of the anti-Z-DNA mAb Z22 fused to a nuclear localization signal (Intrabody). Flow cytometry was use to follow GFP expression. Results and Discussion: 10 expression vectors were constructed: 5 pCO constructs (pZ1, pZ2, pZ3, pZ4 and pZ5) and 5 pCO?600 constructs (AZ1, AZ2, AZ3, AZ4 and AZ5); The constructions with Z-DNA forming sequences showed an improvement of expression of the reporter gene when compared to the control sequences. Moreover the co-transfection with the anti-Z-DNA vector enhances the MFI of gated GFP+ cells by 25%. Conclusion: The Z-DNA forming sequences improve heterologous gene expression and the presence of anti-Z-DNA in trans was shown to enhance the Z-DNA effect probably due to a stabilization effect