Efectos sobre la producción de metano de los aceites esencias añadiendo diferentes aditivos

Objective. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of different plant essence oil supplementation to TMR, concentrate and hay on methanogenesis and at 2, 8 and 24 hours (h) using in vitro gas production technique in cattle. Material and methods. Three fistulated Holstein dairy cows were used for rumen fluid collection for application of in vitro gas production technique. Four essence oils (T. vulgaris, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum, Z. officinale) were used as plant extracts. Results. Essence oil supplementation, particularly at increased doses, significantly decreased methane production for TMR, concentrate and hay at 8 and 24 h compared to negative and positive control groups (p<0.05). Among all plant extracts, Syzygium 200 ppm supplementation resulted the lowest methane production values(p<0.05). While methane production at 24 h in positive control groups were recorded respectively as 10.45, 10.75 and 10.07 for TMR, concentrate and hay, the values in Syzygium 200 ppm group were recorded respectively as 1.65, 3.28 and 1.98 for these feed groups. Conclusions. The findings of the study indicate that increased doses of essence oil supplementation significantly decrease methane production in ruminants. Hence, it is suggested that essence oil will be highly beneficial in ruminant nutrition.Objectivo. El objectivo del presente estudio es determin que el efecto de diferentes suplementos de aceite de esencia de la planta es de TMR, concentrado y heno en la metanogénesis ya los 2, 8 y 24 horas (h) utilizando la técnica in vitro de producciόn de gas en los bovinos. Material y métodos. Tres vacas lecheras Holstein fistulados se utilizaron para la acumulación de liquido ruminal para la aplicación de la técnica in vitro de producción de gas en. Cuatro aceites esenciales (T.vulgaris, O.vulgare, S.aromaticum, Z.officinale) fueron utilizadas como extractos de plantas. Resultados. La administración de suplementos de aceite de esencia, particularmente a elevadas dosis, disminoyó significativamente la producción de metano de TMR, se concentran y heno a las 8 y las 24 h en comparación con los grupos negativos y positivos de control (p<0.05). Entre todos los extractos de plantas, Syzgium 200 suplementación ppm de corrientes de aire los valores de producción de metano màs bajas (p<0.05). Mientras que la producción de metano a las 24 h en los grupos de control positivos, respectivamente, como 10.45, 10.75 y 10.07 am para TMR, concentrarse y heno, los valores de Syzygium grupo de 200 ppm se registraron, respectivamente 1.65, 3.28 y 1.98 para los thes grupos alimentar. Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio indican que las dosis elevadas de suplementos de aceite de esencia para disminuir significativamanente la producción de metano en rumiantes. Por lo tanto, se sugiere que el aceite de esencia será altamente beneficioso en la nutrición de rumiantes

Efficacy of essence oil supplementation to feeds on volatile fatty acid production

ABSTRACT Objective. Determine the effect of some plant extract supplementation to Total Mixed Ration (TMR), concentrate and hay on volatile fatty acid (VFA) production at 8 and 24 hours (h) using in vitro gas production technique in cattle. Material and methods. Three fistulated Holstein dairy cows were used for rumen fluid collection for application of in vitro gas production technique. Four essence oils (T. vulgaris, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum, Z. officinale) were used as plant extracts. Results. Essence oil supplementations to the examined feed groups had significant effect only on C2/C3 VFA level at 8 h in all feed groups (p<0.05). C2/C3 VFA level at 8 h significantly increased in the groups with Oregano 25 ppm supplementation for TMR and concentrate and in the groups with Thymol 25 ppm supplementation for hay. C3 VFA level at 8 h significantly increased in the group that received Syzygium 200 ppm supplementation for hay. Different plant extracts supplemented to TMR, concentrate and hay significantly affected C2, C3, IC4, IC5, C5 and C2/C3 VFA levels at 24 h (p<0.05). Conclusions. The findings of the study indicate that moderate doses of plant extracts result in increased VFA levels in ruminants while higher doses demonstrate the opposite effect

Effect of Dried Elaeis guineense Supplementation to Basal Hay Diet on Energy and Protein Metabolism of West African Dwarf sheep

ABSTRACT Considerable attention has been focused on the use of multipurpose trees as feed supplement for small ruminant during dry seaso

Efficacy of essence oil supplementation to feeds on volatile fatty acid production

Objective. Determine the effect of some plant extract supplementation to Total Mixed Ration (TMR), concentrate and hay on volatile fatty acid (VFA) production at 8 and 24 hours (h) using in vitro gas production technique in cattle. Material and methods. Three fistulated Holstein dairy cows were used for rumen fluid collection for application of in vitro gas production technique. Four essence oils (T. vulgaris, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum, Z. officinale) were used as plant extracts. Results. Essence oil supplementations to the examined feed groups had significant effect only on C2/C3 VFA level at 8 h in all feed groups (p<0.05). C2/C3 VFA level at 8 h significantly increased in the groups with Oregano 25 ppm supplementation for TMR and concentrate and in the groups with Thymol 25 ppm supplementation for hay. C3 VFA level at 8 h significantly increased in the group that received Syzygium 200 ppm supplementation for hay. Different plant extracts supplemented to TMR, concentrate and hay significantly affected C2, C3, IC4, IC5, C5 and C2/C3 VFA levels at 24 h (p<0.05). Conclusions. The findings of the study indicate that moderate doses of plant extracts result in increased VFA levels in ruminants while higher doses demonstrate the opposite effect.Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de los suplementos de algunos extractos de plantas a Ración Total Mezclada (TMR), concentrado y heno sobre los ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV) a las 8 y 24 horas (h) utilizando la técnica de producción de gas in vitro en el ganado bovino. Material y métodos. Tres vacas lecheras Holstein fistuladas se utilizaron para la recogida de fluido ruminal y aplicar la técnica in vitro de producción de gas. Cuatro aceites esenciales (T. vulgaris, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum, Z. officinale) fueron utilizadas como extractos de plantas. Resultados. La suplementación de aceite esenciales a los grupos de alimentos estudiados tuvieron efecto significativo sólo en C2 / nivel C3 VFA a las 8 h en todos los grupos de alimentos (p<0.05). El C2 / nivel C3 VFA a las 8 h aumentó significativamente en los grupos con suplementación de orégano 25 ppm de la RTM y concentrado y en los grupos con suplementación de Timol a 25 ppm para el heno. El C3 nivel de VFA en 8 h aumentó significativamente en el grupo que recibió suplementación de Syzygium a razón de 200 ppm para el heno. Los diferentes extractos de plantas suplementadas con RTM, concentrado y heno afectó significativamente los niveles de C2, C3, IC4, IC5, C5 y C2/C3 VFA a las 24 h (p<0.05). Conclusiones. Los hallasgos del estudio indican que las dosis moderadas de extractos de plantas incrementan los niveles de AGV en rumiantes, mientras que dosis más altas producen el efecto contrario

Effects of essence oil additives added to different feeds on methane production

ABSTRACT Objective. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of different plant essence oil supplementation to TMR, concentrate and hay on methanogenesis and at 2, 8 and 24 hours (h) using in vitro gas production technique in cattle. Material and methods. Three fistulated Holstein dairy cows were used for rumen fluid collection for application of in vitro gas production technique. Four essence oils (T. vulgaris, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum, Z. officinale) were used as plant extracts. Results. Essence oil supplementation, particularly at increased doses, significantly decreased methane production for TMR, concentrate and hay at 8 and 24 h compared to negative and positive control groups (p<0.05). Among all plant extracts, Syzygium 200 ppm supplementation resulted the lowest methane production values (p<0.05). While methane production at 24 h in positive control groups were recorded respectively as 10.45, 10.75 and 10.07 for TMR, concentrate and hay, the values in Syzygium 200 ppm group were recorded respectively as 1.65, 3.28 and 1.98 for these feed groups. Conclusions. The findings of the study indicate that increased doses of essence oil supplementation significantly decrease methane production in ruminants. Hence, it is suggested that essence oil will be highly beneficial in ruminant nutrition.RESUMEN Objectivo. El objectivo del presente estudio es determin que el efecto de diferentes suplementos de aceite de esencia de la planta es de TMR, concentrado y heno en la metanogénesis ya los 2, 8 y 24 horas (h) utilizando la técnica in vitro de producciόn de gas en los bovinos. Material y métodos. Tres vacas lecheras Holstein fistulados se utilizaron para la acumulación de líquido ruminal para la aplicación de la técnica in vitro de producción de gas en. Cuatro aceites esenciales (T.vulgaris, O.vulgare, S.aromaticum, Z.officinale) fueron utilizadas como extractos de plantas. Resultados. La administración de suplementos de aceite de esencia, particularmente a elevadas dosis, disminoyó significativamente la producción de metano de TMR, se concentran y heno a las 8 y las 24 h en comparación con los grupos negativos y positivos de control (p<0.05). Entre todos los extractos de plantas, Syzgium 200 suplementación ppm de corrientes de aire los valores de producción de metano màs bajas (p<0.05). Mientras que la producción de metano a las 24 h en los grupos de control positivos, respectivamente, como 10.45, 10.75 y 10.07 am para TMR, concentrarse y heno, los valores de Syzygium grupo de 200 ppm se registraron, respectivamente 1.65, 3.28 y 1.98 para los thes grupos alimentar. Conclusiones. Los resultados del estudio indican que las dosis elevadas de suplementos de aceite de esencia para disminuir significativamanente la producción de metano en rumiantes. Por lo tanto, se sugiere que el aceite de esencia será altamente beneficioso en la nutrición de rumiantes

Unexpected Formation of Low Amounts of (<i>R</i>)-Configurated <i>anteiso</i>-Fatty Acids in Rumen Fluid Experiments

<div><p><i>Anteiso</i>-fatty acids (<i>a</i>FA) with odd carbon number are a class of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) mainly produced by bacteria. Bacterial sources are also made responsible for their occurrence in the low percent-range in lipids of ruminants (meat and milk) and fish. <i>a</i>FAs are chiral molecules and typically occur predominantly in form of (<i>S</i>)-enantiomers, and their primary precursor has been noted to be isoleucine. Yet, low proportions of (<i>R</i>)-<i>a</i>FAs were also detected in fish and cheese samples. Here we investigated the potential formation of (<i>R</i>)-<i>a</i>FAs by means of incubation experiments with rumen fluid from fistulated cows. Supplementation of rumen fluid with both L- and DL-isoleucine, resulted in a significant (α <0.05) increase of the <i>a</i>FA concentrations but in both cases enantiopure (<i>S</i>)-<i>a</i>FAs were observed. By contrast, incubations without addition of any isoleucine lead to a significant (α <0.05) formation of small proportions of (<i>R</i>)-<i>a</i>FAs similarly to those previously observed in fish and cheese. These results were consistently reproduced in three different years with rumen fluid from different cows fed different diets. All findings point to the existence of a further biosynthesis pathway of <i>a</i>FAs with different stereospecificity than the classic one using isoleucine as primer.</p></div

Concentrations including the standard deviation (mg/g fat) of <i>anteiso</i>-fatty acids, corresponding concentrations of (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-enantiomers as well as the sum concentration of <i>iso</i>-fatty acids in rumen fluid before (non-incubated) and after incubation with carbohydrates only or with carbohydrates and urea, L-ILE or DL-ILE.

<p>Data are means ± standard deviation of four samples.</p

Enantiomeric excess (<i>ee</i>) [%] of <i>anteiso</i>-fatty acids in rumen fluid before (non-incubated) and after incubation with carbohydrates only as well as with carbohydrates and urea, L-ILE, DL-ILE or L-<i>allo</i>-ILE.

<p>Data are means of four samples. No standard deviation was calculated because of the same calculated ee within these measurements.</p

Chemical structure of (a) (<i>S</i>)-12-methyltetradecanoic acid (<i>a</i>15:0) and (b) (<i>R</i>)-14-methylhexadecanoic acid (<i>a</i>17:0).

<p>Chemical structure of (a) (<i>S</i>)-12-methyltetradecanoic acid (<i>a</i>15:0) and (b) (<i>R</i>)-14-methylhexadecanoic acid (<i>a</i>17:0).</p