A preliminary phylogeographic study of Flavopunctelia and Punctelia inferred from rDNA ITS-sequences

A preliminary phylogeny of the genera Flavopunctelia and Punctelia is presented. Genus and species delimitations have been investigated using ITS rDNA-sequencing of populations from different continents. Current genus delimitations of Flavopunctelia, Punctelia and Parmelia are confirmed and the species status of recently resurrected Punctelia ulophylla is confirmed. The status of three cryptic species, Flavopunctelia soredica, Punctelia perreticulata and P. stictica is discussed. Flavopunctelia borrerioides and Punctelia perreticulata are reported from China for the first time.Esitatakse perekondade Flavopunctelia ja Punctelia esialgne fülogeneesi rekonstruktsioon. Perekondade ja liikide eraldamist on uuritud erinevatelt kontinentidelt pärinevate populatsioonide ITS rDNA sekventside alusel. Senine perekondade Flavopunctelia, Punctelia ja Parmelia piiritlemine on leidnud kinnitust, samuti liigi Punctelia ulophylla staatus. Arutletakse kolme krüptilise liigi, Flavopunctelia soredica, Punctelia perreticulata ja P. stictica staatuse üle. Teatatakse liikide Flavopunctelia borrerioides ja Punctelia perreticulata esmasleidudest HiinasFil: Thell, Arne. Lund University; SueciaFil: Herber, B.. Universitat Hamburg; AlemaniaFil: Aptroot, A.. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures; Países BajosFil: Adler, Monica Teresa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Micología y Botánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Micología y Botánica; ArgentinaFil: Feuerer, T.. Universitat Hamburg; AlemaniaFil: Kärnefelt, Ingvar. Lund University; Sueci

The Ursinus Weekly, February 6, 1939

Byron sisters find adults \u27suggestible\u27 • Court five defeats Lebanon Valley, PMC during week • Walton to return for coming Lorelei dance • Ursinus bowery night planned for February 24 in gymnasium • McClure named to official post • Ursinus students and faculty to attend Temple conference • Fraternity bids to be extended Wednesday; today marks beginning of sorority rushing • Alumnus to address society • Curtain Club tryouts tomorrow • Men captain dean\u27s list by slight edge; Stine, five women\u27s halls tie for minority • Women debate Swarthmore • Official praises college med school record • Montgomery County alumni to dine, dance, on February 17 • Philadelphia men meet • Temple matmen trounce Stevens\u27 proteges, capture all bouts in season\u27s inaugural • Cubs beat Lighthouse, lose to Perkiomen • Ursinus to vie with LaSalle in sports quiz next Monday • Male forencists argue over radio with Penn Saturday • Standard college ring here in two weeks • Five new freshmen enrolled as sixteen students leave • German clubbers sing folk songs at Tuesday meeting • Vocal scholarships offered • Photon to be published soon • Miss Reber, Heyen represent Ursinus at weekend conclavehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1859/thumbnail.jp

I See Them On Their Winding Way

[Verse 1]I see them on their winding way,About their ranks the moonbeams play, Their lofty deed and daring high,Blend with the notes of victory,And waving arms and banners brightAre glancing in the mellow light They\u27re lost and gone the moon is past The woods dark shade is o\u27er them cast,And fainter fainter fainter still,The march is rising o\u27er the hill, rising o\u27er the hill, rising o\u27er the hill.I see them on their winding wayAbout their ranks the moonbeams play,Their lofty deed and daring high, Blend with the notes of victory. [Verse 2]Again again the pealing drum,The clashing horn, they come, they come,Thro\u27 rocky pass o\u27er wooded steep,In long and glitt\u27ring files they sweep And nearer nearer yet more nearTheir soften\u27d chorus meets the ear,Forth forth and meet them on their way,The tramping hoof\u27s brook no delay,With thrilling fife and pealing drum. And clashing horn they come, they come, they come, they come,they come, they come, they come.I see them with energy

Atmospheric concentrations of black carbon are substantially higher in spring than summer in the Arctic

A key driving factor behind rapid Arctic climate change is black carbon, the atmospheric aerosol that most efficiently absorbs sunlight. Our knowledge about black carbon in the Arctic is scarce, mainly limited to long-term measurements of a few ground stations and snap-shots by aircraft observations. Here, we combine observations from aircraft campaigns performed over nine years, and present vertically resolved average black carbon properties. A factor of four higher black carbon mass concentration (21.6 ng m$^{–3}$ average, 14.3 ng m$^{–3}$ median) was found in spring, compared to summer (4.7 ng m$^{–3}$ average, 3.9 ng m$^{–3}$ median). In spring, much higher inter-annual and geographic variability prevailed compared to the stable situation in summer. The shape of the black carbon size distributions remained constant between seasons with an average mass mean diameter of 202 nm in spring and 210 nm in summer. Comparison between observations and concentrations simulated by a global model shows notable discrepancies, highlighting the need for further model developments and intensified measurements

Variability in the mass absorption cross section of black carbon (BC) aerosols is driven by BC internal mixing state at a central European background site (Melpitz, Germany) in winter

Properties of atmospheric black carbon (BC) particles were characterized during a field experiment at a rural background site (Melpitz, Germany) in February 2017. BC absorption at a wavelength of 870 nm was measured by a photoacoustic extinctiometer, and BC physical properties (BC mass concentration, core size distribution and coating thickness) were measured by a single-particle soot photometer (SP2). Additionally, a catalytic stripper was used to intermittently remove BC coatings by alternating between ambient and thermo-denuded conditions. From these data the mass absorption cross section of BC (MACBC) and its enhancement factor (EMAC) were inferred for essentially waterfree aerosol as present after drying to low relative humidity (RH). Two methods were applied independently to investigate the coating effect on EMAC: A correlation method (MACBC; ambient vs. BC coating thickness) and a denuding method (MACBC; ambient vs. MACBC; denuded). Observed EMAC values varied from 1.0 to 1.6 (lower limit from denuding method) or 1:2 to 1.9 (higher limit from correlation method), with the mean coating volume fraction ranging from 54% to 78% in the dominating mass equivalent BC core diameter range of 200?220 nm.MACBC and EMAC were strongly correlated with coating thickness of BC. By contrast, other potential drivers of EMAC variability, such as different BC sources (air mass origin and absorption Angström exponent), coating composition (ratio of inorganics to organics) and BC core size distribution, had only minor effects. These results for ambient BC measured at Melpitz during winter show that the lensing effect caused by coatings on BC is the main driver of the variations in MACBC and EMAC, while changes in other BC particle properties such as source, BC core size or coating composition play only minor roles at this rural background site with a large fraction of aged particles. Indirect evidence suggests that potential dampening of the lensing effect due to unfavorable morphology was most likely small or even negligible

Influence of the LPM effect and dielectric suppression on particle air showers

An analysis of the influence of the Landau-Migdal-Pomeranchuk (LPM) effect on the development of air showers initiated by astroparticles is presented. The theory of Migdal is studied and compared with other theoretical methods, particularly the Blankenbecler and Drell approach. By means of realistic computer simulations and using algorithms that emulate Migdal's theory, including also the so-called dielectric suppression, we study the behavior of the relevant observables in the case of ultra-high energy primaries. We find that the LPM effect can significantly modify the development of high energy electromagnetic showers in certain cases.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures, 1 table. To appear in Phys. Rev.

Photodissociation and photochemistry of V⁺ (H₂O)n, n = 1–4, in the 360–680 nm region

The photodissociation and photochemistry of V⁺ (H₂O)n, n = 1–4, was studied in the 360–680 nm region in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. The light of a high pressure mercury arc lamp was filtered with band pass filters, with center wavelengths from 360 to 680 nm in steps of 20 nm. The bandwidth of the filters, defined as full width at half maximum, was 10 nm. Photodissociation channels are loss of water molecules, as well as loss of atomic or molecular hydrogen, which may be accompanied by loss of water molecules. The most intense absorptions are red shifted with increasing hydration. Theoretical spectra are calculated with time dependent density functional theory. Calculations reproduce all features of the experimental spectra, including the red shift with increasing hydration shell and the overall pattern of strong and weak absorptions

BACE2 distribution in major brain cell types and identification of novel substrates

β-Site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) inhibition is considered one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease, but current BACE1 inhibitors also block BACE2. As the localization and function of BACE2 in the brain remain unknown, it is difficult to predict whether relevant side effects can be caused by off-target inhibition of BACE2 and whether it is important to generate BACE1-specific inhibitors. Here, we show that BACE2 is expressed in discrete subsets of neurons and glia throughout the adult mouse brain. We uncover four new substrates processed by BACE2 in cultured glia: vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, delta and notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, and plexin domain containing 2. Although these substrates were not prominently cleaved by BACE2 in healthy adult mice, proinflammatory TNF induced a drastic increase in BACE2-mediated shedding of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in CSF. Thus, although under steady-state conditions the effect of BACE2 cross-inhibition by BACE1-directed inhibitors is rather subtle, it is important to consider that side effects might become apparent under physiopathological conditions that induce TNF expression