Impulsive Personality Traits Predicted Weight Loss in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes after 3 Years of Lifestyle Interventions

Impulsivity has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and may negatively impact its management. This study aimed to investigate impulsive personality traits in an older adult population with T2D and their predicting role in long-term weight control and glycemic management, through glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), following 3 years of intervention with a Mediterranean diet. The Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P) was administered as a measure of impulsive traits at baseline. Results showed higher total baseline scores of UPPS-P, and higher positive urgency in individuals with T2D, compared with those without T2D. The regression analysis in patients with T2D showed that sensation seeking and lack of perseverance predicted weight loss at follow-up. By contrast, impulsive traits did not predict follow-up levels of HbA(1c). In conclusion, the present findings suggest that higher impulsive traits in individuals with T2D seem to affect long-term weight control, but not glycemic control

Propuesta de mejora del Sistema Interno de Garantía de Calidad de la Facultad de Medicina

La garantía de calidad en el ámbito universitario puede considerarse como la atención sistemática, estructurada y continua a las titulaciones ofertadas. La garantía de calidad se compromete a poner en marcha los medios que aseguren y demuestren la calidad de los programas formativos que se desarrollan en cada una de las titulaciones ofrecidas por la Universidad y así cumplir con la obligación que tiene con la sociedad. El presente proyecto nace como fruto de la responsabilidad adquirida para el cumplimiento de las funciones encomendadas y, con el objetivo de seguir adoptando una estrategia de mejora continua de la calidad de la docencia y satisfacción de los colectivos implicados en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje (Profesorado, Estudiantes y PAS)

How Did the COVID-19 Lockdown Pandemic Affect the Depression Symptomatology in Mediterranean Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome?

Background and Aims. To control the COVID-19 spread, in March 2020, a forced home lockdown was established in Spain. In the present study, we aimed to assess the effect of mobility and social COVID-19-established restrictions on depressive symptomatology in older adults with metabolic syndrome. We hypothesize that severe restrictions might have resulted in detrimental changes in depressive symptomatology. Methods. 2,312 PREDIMED-Plus study participants (men = 53:9%; mean age = 64:9±4:8 years) who completed a COVID-19 lockdown questionnaire to assess the severity of restrictions/lockdown and the validated Spanish version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) during the three established phases concerning the COVID-19 lockdown in Spain (prelockdown, lockdown, and postlockdown) were included in this longitudinal analysis. Participants were categorized according to high or low lockdown severity. Analyses of covariance were performed to assess changes in depressive symptomatology across lockdown phases. Results. No significant differences in participant depression symptomatology changes were observed between lockdown severity categories (low/high) at the studied phases. During the lockdown phase, participants showed a decrease in BDI-II score compared to the prelockdown phase (mean (95% CI), -0.48 (-0.24, -0.72), P < 0:001); a nonsignificantly larger decrease was observed in participants allocated in the low-lockdown category (low: -0.59 (-0.95, -0.23), high: -0.43 (-0.67, -0.19)). Similar decreases in depression symptomatology were found for the physical environment dimension. The post- and prelockdown phase BDI-II scores were roughly similar. Conclusions. The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown was associated with a decrease in depressive symptomatology that returned to prelockdown levels after the lockdown. The degree of lockdown was not associated with depressive symptomatology. The potential preventive role of the physical environment and social interactions on mental disorders during forced home lockdown should be further studie

Actividad antivírica de proteínas y péptidos alimentarios frente a virus de salmónidos

Resumen del póster presentado a la VIII Reunión Microbiología del Medio Acuático celebrada en Vigo del 14 al 16 de septiembre de 2010 y organizada por la Sociedad Española de Microbiología.El uso de antivíricos en acuicultura ha sido poco investigado debido a la toxicidad, coste del producto y repercusiones en el medio ambiente. Pero las proteínas y péptidos con actividad antiviral derivados de alimentos naturales podrían obviar estos inconvenientes. En este trabajo se analizaron varios tipos de productos:1) proteínas e hidrolizados de proteínas de leche y huevo 2) fracciones de hidrolizados de proteínas lácteas y 3) péptidos identifi cados en las fracciones. Se estudió su actividad antivírica in vitro frente al virus de la necrosis pancreática infecciosa (IPNV) y frente al virus de la necrosis hematopoyética infecciosa (IHNV). Se realizó un primer barrido con ensayos de toxicidad y actividad realizados sobre monocapas de cultivos celulares susceptibles a los virus y en el que se determinaron las dosis toxicas 50, las dosis inhibitorias 50 y el índice antiviral, que proporciona una idea de la potencialidad del compuesto. De un total de 42 productos procesados del apartado 1, derivados lácteos y de huevo, 25 mostraron inhibición frente al IHNV y 11 frente al IPNV. El índice terapéutico (IT) fue siempre mayor para IHNV excepto en el caso de la ß-Caseína y sus hidrolizados, en los que los IT para ambos virus fueron iguales.Las diferencias de actividad antivírica determinadas frente IPNV en los diversos compuestos fueron mínimas mientras que frente al IHNV los IT variaron entre 30-32 en los hidrolizados más activos y 3 en los menos. En todos los casos los tiempos óptimos de hidrólisis en cuanto a resultados de productos activos fueron los obtenidos en las tres primeras horas. Una vez seleccionados los hidrolizados más activos y los mejores tiempos de hidrólisis, se realizaron experimentos más largos de dosis-efecto, tiempo de adicción, expresión de antígenos virales. Con ello se obtuvo información general sobre el modo de acción del compuesto (si es activo en los primeros estadíos del ciclo del virus o durante la replicación viral). En todos los casos la actividad es dependiente de la dosis. Los compuestos inhiben alguna de las fases de la replicación. No son viricidas. En una tercera fase experimental se trató de identifi car los péptidos que eran activos en los hidrolizados, determinando su actividad. En la caseína láctea se ha identifi cado uno de ellos que inhibe al IHNV, aunque no parece responsable de toda la actividad detectada en el hidrolizado completo, probablemente otros péptidos actúen de forma sinérgica. Se están realizando estudios histológicos para analizar las posibles diferencias en truchas tratadas y control.Este trabajo se ha realizado con financiación del CSIC proyecto PIF- 200520F0113 y del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación –proyecto AGL2007- 60256/ACU.Peer Reviewe

Antiviral activity of casein and αs2 casein hydrolysates against the infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus, a rhabdovirus from salmonid fish

Salmonid fish viruses, such as infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), are responsible for serious losses in the rainbow trout and salmon-farming industries, and they have been the subject of intense research in the field of aquaculture. Thus, the aim of this work is to study the antiviral effect of milk-derived proteins as bovine caseins or casein-derived peptides at different stages during the course of IHNV infection. The results indicate that the 3-h fraction of casein and αS2-casein hydrolysates reduced the yield of infectious IHNV in a dose-dependent manner and impaired the production of IHNV-specific antigens. Hydrolysates of total casein and αS2-casein target the initial and later stages of viral infection, as demonstrated by the reduction in the infective titre observed throughout multiple stages and cycles. In vivo, more than 50% protection was observed in the casein-treated fish, and the kidney sections exhibited none of the histopathological characteristics of IHNV infection. The active fractions from casein were identified, as well as one of the individual IHNV-inhibiting peptides. Further studies will be required to determine which other peptides possess this activity. These findings provide a basis for future investigations on the efficacy of these compounds in treating other viral diseases in farmed fish and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of action. However, the present results provide convincing evidence in support of a role for several milk casein fractions as suitable candidates to prevent and treat some fish viral infections. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Funded by: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIIN). Grant Numbers: CSD 2007-0063, AGL2008-01713, AGL2007-60256/ACU, AGL2010-1854 and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Grant Number: CSIC200520F113.Peer Reviewe

Reproducibility and relative validity of a semi-quantitative food and beverage frequency questionnaire for Spanish children aged 3 to 11 years: the COME-Kids F&amp;B-FQ

A reliable food and beverage frequency questionnaire (F&amp;B-FQ) to measure dietary intakes for children across Spain is currently unavailable. Thus, we designed and assessed the reproducibility and relative validity of a new F&amp;B-FQ in 210 Spanish children aged 3–11 years. COME-Kids F&amp;B-FQ contained 125 items to assess the usual diet intake in the past year among children. To explore the reproducibility, caregivers answered COME-Kids F&amp;B-FQ twice over a 15-day period (± 1 week). To evaluate the relative validity, estimates from a third COME-Kids F&amp;B-FQ administered at 1 year of follow-up were compared with the mean estimates from 3-day dietary records (3d-DR) collected at baseline, 6 months, and after 1 year of follow-up. Reproducibility and relative validity of the COME-Kids F&amp;B-FQ in estimating food groups and nutrients were assessed using Pearson (r) and intra-class (ICC) correlation coefficients. We used the kappa index to evaluate the agreement in repeat administrations or with the 3d-DR. We used Bland–Altman plots to identify bias across levels of intake. A total of 195 children (105 boys, 90 girls) completed the study. The reproducibility of data estimated from COME-Kids F&amp;B-FQ was substantial with mean r and ICC being 0.65 and 0.64 for food groups and 0.63 and 0.62 for nutrients, respectively. Validation assessments comparing the FFQ and 3d-DRs showed r = 0.36 and ICC = 0.30 for food groups and r = 0.29 and ICC = 0.24 for nutrients. The mean agreement for food group reproducibility and relative validity was 86% and 65%, respectively. These estimates were 85% for reproducibility and 64% for relative validity in the case of nutrients. For reproducibility and relative validity, the overall mean kappa index was 63% and 37% for all food groups and 52% and 27% for nutrients, respectively. Bland–Altman plots showed no specific bias relating to the level of intake of nutrients and several food groups.Conclusion: COME-Kids F&amp;B-FQ showed substantial reproducibility and acceptable relative validity to assess food and beverage intake in Spanish children aged 3 to 11 years. Most children were correctly classified in relation to the intake of food groups and nutrients, and misclassification was unlikely with reference to 3d-DR. What is Known:• The estimation of dietary intake in children is complex, especially in large cohorts.• The food frequency questionnaire is a well-recognized and the most frequently used method for assessing food consumption. What is New:• A new food and beverage frequency questionnaire including a beverage section and novel plant-based food items has been validated in Spanish children aged 3–11 years

Metabolic syndrome criteria and severity and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in an adult population

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a growing risk factor of some non-communicable diseases. Increase of greenhouse gas emissions affects the planet. Aims: To assess the association between MetS severity and amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted in an adult population. Design: Cross-sectional study (n = 6646; 55-76-year-old-men; 60-75-year-old-women with MetS). Methods: Dietary habits were assessed using a pre-validated semi quantitative 143-item food frequency questionnaire. The amount of CO2 emitted due to the production of food consumed by person and day was calculated using a European database, and the severity of the MetS was calculated with the MetS Severity Score. Results: Higher glycaemia levels were found in people with higher CO2 emissions. The risk of having high severe MetS was related to high CO2 emissions. Conclusions: Low CO2 emissions diet would help to reduce MetS severity. Advantages for both health and the environment were found following a more sustainable diet. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN89898870 . Registered 05 September 2013

Association between type 2 diabetes and depressive symptoms after a 1-year follow-up in an older adult Mediterranean population

Altres ajuts: Recercaixa (number 2013ACUP00194); grants from the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0458/2013, PS0358/2016, PI0137/2018); the PROMETEO/2017/017 grant from the Generalitat Valenciana; University of Rovira i Virgili (2020PMF-PIPF-37); Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación research grant (IJC2019-042420-I).To examine the cross-sectional association between baseline depressive symptoms and the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and its association with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and other metabolic variables, and the prospective association of depressive symptoms and HbA1c after 1 year of follow-up. n = 6224 Mediterranean older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (48% females, mean age 64.9 ± 4.9 years) were evaluated in the framework of the PREDIMED-Plus study cohort. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and HbA1c was used to measure metabolic control. The presence of T2D increased the likelihood of higher levels of depressive symptoms (χ 2 = 15.84, p = 0.001). Polynomial contrast revealed a positive linear relationship (χ 2 = 13.49, p = 0.001), the higher the depressive symptoms levels, the higher the prevalence of T2D. Longitudinal analyses showed that the higher baseline depressive symptoms levels, the higher the likelihood of being within the HbA1c ≥ 7% at 1-year level (Wald-χ 2 = 24.06, df = 3, p < .001, for the full adjusted model). Additionally, depressive levels at baseline and duration of T2D predicted higher HbA1c and body mass index, and lower physical activity and adherence to Mediterranean Diet at 1 year of follow-up. This study supports an association between T2D and the severity of depressive symptoms, suggesting a worse metabolic control from mild severity levels in the short-medium term, influenced by lifestyle habits related to diabetes care. Screening for depressive symptoms and a multidisciplinary integrative therapeutic approach should be ensured in patients with T2D

Down syndrome as risk factor for respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization : A prospective multicenter epidemiological study

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in childhood, particularly in premature infants, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. To compare the hospitalization rates due to RSV infection and severity of disease between infants with and without Down syndrome (DS) born at term and without other associated risk factors for severe RSV infection. In a prospective multicentre epidemiological study, 93 infants were included in the DS cohort and 68 matched by sex and data of birth (±1 week) and were followed up to 1 year of age and during a complete RSV season. The hospitalization rate for all acute respiratory infection was significantly higher in the DS cohort than in the non-DS cohort (44.1% vs 7.7%, P<.0001). Hospitalizations due to RSV were significantly more frequent in the DH cohort than in the non-DS cohort (9.7% vs 1.5%, P=.03). RSV prophylaxis was recorded in 33 (35.5%) infants with DS. The rate of hospitalization according to presence or absence of RSV immunoprophylaxis was 3.0% vs 15%, respectively. Infants with DS showed a higher rate of hospitalization due to acute lower respiratory tract infection and RSV infection compared to non-DS infants. Including DS infants in recommendations for immunoprophylaxis of RSV disease should be considered

Metabolic syndrome criteria and severity and carbon dioxide (CO) emissions in an adult population

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a growing risk factor of some non-communicable diseases. Increase of greenhouse gas emissions affects the planet. To assess the association between MetS severity and amount of carbon dioxide (CO) emitted in an adult population. Cross-sectional study (n = 6646; 55-76-year-old-men; 60-75-year-old-women with MetS). Dietary habits were assessed using a pre-validated semi quantitative 143-item food frequency questionnaire. The amount of CO emitted due to the production of food consumed by person and day was calculated using a European database, and the severity of the MetS was calculated with the MetS Severity Score. Higher glycaemia levels were found in people with higher CO emissions. The risk of having high severe MetS was related to high CO emissions. Low CO emissions diet would help to reduce MetS severity. Advantages for both health and the environment were found following a more sustainable diet. ISRCTN, . Registered 05 September 2013