Modelo bioético para el análisis de la habitabilidad en la vivienda

La habitabilidad se refiere a estas configuraciones del espacio edificado, y se expresa en las diferentes escalas y entornos que el ser humano ha creado para su desarrollo como especie.La habitabilidad, en palabras de Macías, es “la capacidad de los espacios construidos para satisfacer las necesidades objetivas y subjetivas de los individuos, en estrecha relación con los ambientes socioculturales y naturales hacia la mejora de la calidad de vida”. (De Hoyos Martínez, et al., 2014)El ser humano ha modificado la configuración del espacio que lo rodea a lo largo de la historia, con el fin de hacer del mundo un lugar habitable, adaptándolo para proveerse de sitios para vivir, descansar, transitar, en fin, para realizar todas sus actividades cotidianas. Dichas modificaciones tienen lugar en las diversas escalas del espacio construido, entre los que se encuentran la vivienda, el barrio y la ciudad, y que, según Paola Coppola (2004), varían de acuerdo con las características socio-territoriales dentro de las que son creadas

Effects of Site Preparation Methods on the Establishment and Natural-Regeneration Traits of Scots Pines (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.) in Northeastern Poland

While some tree species can regenerate naturally without mechanical site preparation (MSP), Scots pine has been shown to benefit from this process. We compared three methods: using a double-mouldboard forest plough (FP), an active single-disc plough (AP), and a forest mill (FM), as well as a no-MSP control, in terms of growth, survival and density of occurrence of pines during the first 4 years of natural regeneration. Moisture conditions were expressed via calculated de Martonne aridity indices, while the microhabitats generated via different MSP methods were further characterised by the total contents of N and C, and the C/N ratio, P2O5, and base cations, as well as bulk density and actual moisture. The trials showed inferior regeneration without MSP in terms of the density and cover of young pines. Any of the studied treatments influenced survival, though the best growth was achieved by seedlings using the FP and AP methods, while the best density and evenness results were obtained using AP. The factors most influencing regeneration features were high precipitation during the first growing season after sowing and reduced competition with other vegetation in the cleared area. This impact seems far more important than the capacity of different MSPs to produce differentiation in soil microhabitats in terms of nutrient status or bulk density

Supplementary data

This data file contains tree quantities and basal area sums in 50mm-wide classes of diameter at breast height (dbh), given separately for (a) all live, ingrowth and outgrowth trees, (b) 8 major woodland community types, (c) 5 research plots, (d) 57 separate community patches, (e) 7 subsequent measurement censuses, and (f) 11 tree species. Additionally, community patch areas are given

Effects of Reforestation and Site Preparation Methods on Early Growth and Survival of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in South-Eastern Poland

Successful tree regeneration is a key process in ensuring forest sustainability and one of the most crucial investments made in silviculture. This study compared the effects of three reforestation methods (planting, direct seeding, and natural regeneration) and three mechanical site preparation methods (double mould-board forest plough (FP); active plough (AP); and forest mill (FM)) on biometric parameters, survival, and density of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings in the first 4 years of growth in a clear-cut area in south-eastern Poland. Planted seedlings were higher, thicker in root collar, and had higher survival rates after the fourth growing season than trees from natural regeneration and direct seeding. Site preparation methods did not affect the density of planted seedlings. After natural regeneration and direct seeding, seedling density was lower and less homogeneous (plots with no seedlings) in FM soil preparation in comparison to other methods. The survival of pines in all reforestation methods was not affected significantly by site preparation methods. Our results indicate that the best mechanical site preparation method for planting is FM, as this is the one that least disturbs the soil environment. For direct seeding the best results were achieved after AP preparation. Natural regeneration of Scots pine was most effective after FP use, and in relatively wet years also after AP use