Phytophthora nicotianae e Rhizoctonia solani: dois novos patógenos da vinca no Brasil.

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Propranolol in Infantile Hemangioma Treatment. Experience in 2 Cases

Introdução: O Hemangioma infantil é o tumor benigno mais frequente na idade pediátrica. A maioria tem evolução favorável, no entanto dependendo da sua localização, podem levar à distorsão de estruturas anatómicas ou a outras complicações locais ou sistémicas, tornando necessária uma abordagem terapêutica precoce e eficaz. Neste contexto, desde que Léauté-Labréze e colaboradores publicaram a sua experiência com o propranolol em 2008, têm-se multiplicado na literatura internacional, casos clínicos e pequenas séries em que este fármaco é utilizado “off-label” como terapêutica de primeira linha. O presente trabalho visa reportar a experiência de um serviço na utilização de propranolol como terapêutica de primeira linha no tratamento do hemangioma infantil em 2 doentes. Casos clínicos: O doente 1, do sexo feminino, tinha um hemangioma infantil desde as 5 semanas, localizado na pirâmide nasal. O doente 2, do sexo masculino, tinha dois hemangiomas infantis ulcerados: um localizado na face, com atingimento do mento, lábio inferior, mucosa gengival e labial; um segundo de localização escrotal. Ambos os doentes realizaram indução terapêutica com propranolol em regime de internamento com uma dose alvo de 2 a 3 mg/Kg/dia. Ao fim de 6 meses de follow-up, assistiu-se a uma resposta muito satisfatória, sem complicações documentadas. Discussão: O propranolol constitui uma alternativa segura e eficaz no tratamento do hemangioma. Embora não tenham ocorrido complicações, elas estão descritas e ocorrem principalmente durante a fase de indução terapêutica, tornando importante a monitorização durante esse período

Liver MRI: From basic protocol to advanced techniques

Liver MR is a well-established modality with multiparametric capabilities. However, to take advantage of its full capacity, it is mandatory to master the technique and optimize imaging protocols, apply advanced imaging concepts and understand the use of different contrast media. Physiologic artefacts although inherent to upper abdominal studies can be minimized using triggering techniques and new strategies for motion control. For standardization, the liver MR protocol should include motion-resistant T2-w sequences, in-op phase GRE T1 and T2-w fast spin echo sequences with fat suppression. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is mandatory, especially for detection of sub-centimetre metastases. Contrast-enhanced MR is the cornerstone of liver MR, especially for lesion characterization. Although extracellular agents are the most extensively used contrast agents, hepatobiliary contrast media can provide an extra-layer of functional diagnostic information adding to the diagnostic value of liver MR. The use of high field strength (3T) increases SNR but is more challenging especially concerning artefact control. Quantitative MR belongs to the new and evolving field of radiomics where the use of emerging biomarkers such as perfusion or DWI can derive new information regarding disease detection, prognostication and evaluation of tumour response. This information can overcome some of the limitations of current tests, especially when using vascular disruptive agents for oncologic treatment assessment. MR is, today, a robust, mature, multiparametric imaging modality where clinical applications have greatly expanded from morphology to advanced imaging. This new concept should be acknowledged by all those involved in producing high quality, high-end liver MR studies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Aspectos computacionais da implementaçao da formulaçao diferencial aplicada à análise reológica de barragens de concreto

Neste artigo sáo apresentadas as formulaçóes integral e diferencial para a modelizacão matemática do problema reológico do concreto, assim como a correspondencia entre as duas formulaçoes. Sáo então apresentados exemplos numéricos visando uma comparacáo da eficiencia computacional de algoritmos baseados nos dois tipos de modelizaçao.Peer Reviewe

Excitons and stacking order in h-BN

The strong excitonic emission at 5.75 eV of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) makes this material one of the most promising candidate for light emitting devices in the far ultraviolet (UV). However, single excitons occur only in perfect monocrystals that are extremely hard to synthesize, while regular h-BN samples present a complex emission spectrum with several additional peaks. The microscopic origin of these additional emissions has not yet been understood. In this work we address this problem using an experimental and theoretical approach that combines nanometric resolved cathodoluminescence, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and state of the art theoretical spectroscopy methods. We demonstrate that emission spectra are strongly inhomogeneus within individual flakes and that additional excitons occur at structural deformations, such as faceted plane folds, that lead to local changes of the h-BN stacking order

Dieta, crecimiento y reproducción de cuatro especies de peces planos en la costa portuguesa

Four flatfish species were collected between January 2003 and June 2005 from commercial fishing vessels operating with gill nets and bottom trawls along the Portuguese coast in order to examine feeding habits, age and growth and reproduction. Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758), Lepidorhombus boscii (Risso, 1810) and Microchirus azevia (de Brito Capello, 1867) fed mainly on crustaceans, whereas Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758) fed mainly on echinoderms and crustaceans. Feeding activity was highest in spring and summer; females and small individuals showed the lowest vacuity index values. For all the species, significant differences were found in the proportion of prey items according to season, sex and size class. M. azevia had the largest diet spectrum. Ages were determined from sagittal otoliths. The von Bertalanffy growth equation coefficients differed between sexes. The asymptotic length L∞ of females was higher than that of males, except in C. linguatula. The lowest growth coefficient was obtained for P. flesus (k=0.11 for males and k=0.10 for females) and M. azevia showed the highest growth coefficient estimates (k=0.40 for females and k=0.30 for males). The highest proportion of individuals at spawning stage was recorded in winter for L. boscii, P. flesus and M. azevia, and in autumn for C. linguatula.Cuatro especies de peces planos fueron capturadas desde enero de 2003 hasta junio de 2005 por embarcaciones comerciales operando con redes de enmalle y arrastre de fondo, a lo largo de la costa portuguesa, con objeto de examinar los hábitos alimenticios, la edad, el crecimiento y el ciclo sexual. Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758), Lepidorhombus boscii (Risso, 1810) y Microchirus azevia (de Brito Capello, 1867), se alimentaron sobre todo de crustáceos. La dieta de Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758) estuvo compuesta principalmente por equinodermos y crustáceos. La mayor actividad alimenticia se observó en la primavera y el verano. Las hembras y los individuos más pequeños presentaron valores de índices de vacuidad más bajos. Para todas las especies se encontraron diferencias significativas en la proporción de ítems alimenticios según la estación, el sexo y la talla. M. azevia presentó el espectro más amplio de dieta. Las edades fueron determinadas a partir de los otolitos sagittae. Los coeficientes de la ecuación de crecimiento de von Bertalanffy fueron diferentes para los dos sexos. La talla asintótica L∞ de las hembras fue mayor que la de los machos, excepto para C. linguatula. El coeficiente de crecimiento más bajo se observó para P. flesus (k=0.11 para los machos y k=0.10 para las hembras), M. azevia presentó el mayor coeficiente de crecimiento (k=0.40 para hembras y k=0.30 para machos). La mayor proporción de individuos maduros en L. boscii, P. flesus y M. azevia se observó en invierno y en C. linguatula en otoño

Introducing a Regulatory Policy Framework of Bait Fishing in European Coastal Lagoons: The Case of Ria de Aveiro in Portugal

The harvesting of bait through digging in coastal mudflats is practiced for recreational and commercial purposes in European coastal systems including the Ria de Aveiro coastal lagoon on the northwest Atlantic coast of Portugal. The scale of harvesting in the Ria de Aveiro has recently increased due to the current economic climate in Portugal, with targeting of the polychaete, Diopatra neapolitana species or “casulo” as it is widely known in the Aveiro region. The national authorities have attempted to control casulo digging by issuing a regulation (Ordinance) in 2014 on the maximum daily catch limit to be caught by each individual. The daily catch limit is intended to represent the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) for casulo beyond which overfishing will occur. The monitoring of the regulatory measures is expected to be conducted through on-site inspections in the digging areas. However, weak law enforcement was noticed, while there is also controversy over the daily catch limit (quota) stipulated by the Ordinance. To this end, the current study attempted to assess digging activities through remote monitoring and random inspections for a better policy enforcement of the national regulation. In addition, different harvesting scenarios were employed through a simplified bioeconomic model to attribute the current and future harvesting trends of bait digging in Aveiro coastal lagoon. The study findings indicate that remote monitoring coupled with some onsite interviews could be a more effective approach for the implementation of the current bait digging policy. Further, the results point to a distinctive discrepancy between the daily catch amount (MSY) introduced by the national legislation and the study findings which should be further scrutinized. The diggers seem to have reached the sustainable harvest identified by the present research. The current economic hardship in Portugal and the low profitability in similar employment sectors will possibly attract more diggers and increase harvesting in the near future. An increased harvest would likely trigger overfishing of D. neapolitana with unknown consequences for the population of the species as well as the aquatic ecosystem. The socio-economic and environmental effects are yet to be further clarified with more detailed data and advanced modeling techniques to ensure the sustainability of the activity

First high-precision differential abundance analysis of extremely metal-poor stars

Context. Studies of extremely metal-poor stars indicate that chemical abundance ratios [X/Fe] have a root mean square scatter as low as 0.05 dex (12%). It remains unclear whether this reflects observational uncertainties or intrinsic astrophysical scatter arising from physical conditions in the interstellar medium at early times. Aims. We measure differential chemical abundance ratios in extremely metal-poor stars to investigate the limits of precision and to understand whether cosmic scatter or observational errors are dominant. Methods. We used high-resolution (R ~ 95 000) and high signal-to-noise (S/N = 700 at 5000 Å) HIRES/Keck spectra to determine high-precision differential abundances between two extremely metal-poor stars through a line-by-line differential approach. We determined stellar parameters for the star G64-37 with respect to the standard star G64-12. We performed EW measurements for the two stars for the lines recognized in both stars and performed spectral synthesis to study the carbon abundances. Results. The differential approach allowed us to obtain errors of σ(Teff) = 27 K, σ(log g) = 0.06 dex, σ( [Fe/H] ) = 0.02 dex and σ(vt) = 0.06 km s-1. We estimated relative chemical abundances with a precision as low as σ([X/Fe]) ≈ 0.01 dex. The small uncertainties demonstrate that there are genuine abundance differences larger than the measurement errors. The observed Li difference cannot be explained by the difference in mass because the less massive star has more Li. Conclusions. It is possible to achieve an abundance precision around ≈ 0.01−0.05 dex for extremely metal-poor stars, which opens new windows on the study of the early chemical evolution of the Galaxy