The physical implications of an isothermal model for the hot intracluster medium

X-ray fluxes from HEAO-1 A2 and Einstein Imaging Proportional Counter (IPC) observations of clusters of galaxies were used to constrain the parameter beta in the isothermal surface brightness profile. Beta is found primarily to have values between .50 and .75 for 15 clusters. Eight of these objects have values of beta previously measured using imaging observations. For these clusters good agreement is found with the values reported here implying that this profile is a good description of the surface brightness out to 8 to 10 core radii. The total gas mass and radial distribution (assuming spherical symmetry) within the cluster resulting from the isothermal model imply an extended halo of hot gas which has 30 to 60% of the virial mass for some clusters

Potential for improvement of population diet through reformulation of commonly eaten foods

Food reformulation: Reformulation of foods is considered one of the key options to achieve population nutrient goals. The compositions of many foods are modified to assist the consumer bring his or her daily diet more in line with dietary recommendations. Initiatives on food reformulation: Over the past few years the number of reformulated foods introduced on the European market has increased enormously and it is expected that this trend will continue for the coming years. Limits to food reformulation: Limitations to food reformulation in terms of choice of foods appropriate for reformulation and level of feasible reformulation relate mainly to consumer acceptance, safety aspects, technological challenges and food legislation. Impact on key nutrient intake and health: The potential impact of reformulated foods on key nutrient intake and health is obvious. Evaluation of the actual impact requires not only regular food consumption surveys, but also regular updates of the food composition table including the compositions of newly launched reformulated foods

Anatomical Mercury:Changing Understandings of Quicksilver, Blood, and the Lymphatic System, 1650–1800

The use of mercury as an injection mass in anatomical experiments and preparations was common throughout Europe in the long eighteenth century, and refined mercury-injected preparations as well as plates of anatomical mercury remain today. The use and meaning of mercury in related disciplines such as medicine and chemistry in the same period have been studied, but our knowledge of anatomical mercury is sparse and tends to focus on technicalities. This article argues that mercury had a distinct meaning in anatomy, which was initially influenced by alchemical and classical understandings of mercury. Moreover, it demonstrates that the choice of mercury as an anatomical injection mass was deliberate and informed by an intricate cultural understanding of its materiality, and that its use in anatomical preparations and its perception as an anatomical material evolved with the understanding of the circulatory and lymphatic systems. By using the material culture of anatomical mercury as a starting point, I seek to provide a new, object-driven interpretation of complex and strongly interrelated historiographical categories such as mechanism, vitalism, chemistry, anatomy, and physiology, which are difficult to understand through a historiography that focuses exclusively on ideas

The adventure of greening the University : rol van het studentennetwerk Morgen bij kennisuitwisseling voor duurzame ontwikkeling binnen het hoger onderwijs

De Wetenschapswinkel heeft in opdracht van het studentennetwerk Morgen een onderzoeksproject uitgevoerd naar duurzame ontwikkeling binnen universiteiten en hogescholen. Het doel van het project ‘The Adventure of Greening the University’ is om ‘Morgen’ te adviseren hoe het proces van kennisuitwisseling rondom duurzame ontwikkeling binnen het hoger onderwijs te versnellen

Analyzing and Predicting Purchase Intent in E-commerce: Anonymous vs. Identified Customers

The popularity of e-commerce platforms continues to grow. Being able to understand, and predict customer behavior is essential for customizing the user experience through personalized result presentations, recommendations, and special offers. Previous work has considered a broad range of prediction models as well as features inferred from clickstream data to record session characteristics, and features inferred from user data to record customer characteristics. So far, most previous work in the area of purchase prediction has focused on known customers, largely ignoring anonymous sessions, i.e., sessions initiated by a non-logged-in or unrecognized customer. However, in the de-identified data from a large European e-commerce platform available to us, more than 50% of the sessions start as anonymous sessions. In this paper, we focus on purchase prediction for both anonymous and identified sessions on an e-commerce platform. We start with a descriptive analysis of purchase vs. non-purchase sessions. This analysis informs the definition of a feature-based model for purchase prediction for anonymous sessions and identified sessions; our models consider a range of session-based features for anonymous sessions, such as the channel type, the number of visited pages, and the device type. For identified user sessions, our analysis points to customer history data as a valuable discriminator between purchase and non-purchase sessions. Based on our analysis, we build two types of predictors: (1) a predictor for anonymous that beats a production-ready predictor by over 17.54% F1; and (2) a predictor for identified customers that uses session data as well as customer history and achieves an F1 of 96.20%. Finally, we discuss the broader practical implications of our findings.Comment: 10 pages, accepted at SIGIR eCommerce 202

An Unusual Triad in Pediatric Neurology:A Case Report on Cerebral Palsy, Epilepsy, and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

We present a case of an unusual triad in pediatric neurology: a currently 12-year-old boy with cerebral palsy and epilepsy who was later also diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We describe the clinical path that resulted in this exceptional diagnosis. This case report illustrates how different neurological disorders may overshadow each other. In addition, it demonstrates that every child with cerebral palsy and either an atypical clinical course or with inexplicable laboratory values-as well as every infant boy born to a theoretical Duchenne muscular dystrophy carrier-should be subjected to additional investigations.</p

Older people and preventive home visits

In 1996, national preventive efforts for the elderly were introduced in Denmark with a general offer of home visits by preventive staff.The focal point of the preventive home visits has been the functional decline and the corresponding early and coordinated follow-up activities. This has proved an extremely suitable instrument in activities aimed at maintaining elderly people's autonomy, independence, and functional ability, in allowing them to continue taking care of themselves