971 research outputs found

    Cycloaurated GoId (III) complexes- Possible alternatives to cisplatin?

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    The serendipitous discovery of the anti-tumour activity of cisplatin [cis-PtCI₂(NH₃)₂] in 1969 has led to increased interest in the development of new metal-based anti-cancer drugs. However, regardless of the large numbers of new metal-containing compounds generated, many of which demonstrate anti-tumour activity, cisplatin still remains one of the most widely used anti-tumour drugs in the western world

    What’s Happening to the Elementary School Library?

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    Far too many adults and children have not had especially pleasant experiences with libraries in the past. The traditional quietness was enough to scare anyone away. Ordinary people didn\u27t exactly feel welcome inside the walls of these storehouses of wisdom. Today\u27s library has to develop a new image. It must leave the old passive role behind and blossom forth into active participation in the educational process

    Cycloauration of pyridyl sulphonamides

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    The pyridyl-2-alkylsulfonamides C₅H₄N(CH₂)nNHSO₂R (n = 1,2; R = Me, Ph or p-C₆H₄Me) and 8-(p-tosylamino)quinoline undergo facile cycloauration reactions with H[AuCl₄] in water, giving metallacyclic complexes coordinated through the pyridyl (or quinolyl) nitrogen atom and the deprotonated nitrogen of the sulfonamide group. The complexes have been fully characterised by NMR spectroscopy, ESI mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The X-ray crystal structures of two derivatives reveal the presence of non-planar sulfonamide nitrogen atoms. The complexes show low activity against P388 murine leukaemia cells, possibly as a result of their ease of reduction with mild reducing agents

    Skin cancer by state and territory

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    Presents the number of new skin cancer problems managed per 100,000 encounters nationally and for each state and territory, from April 2008 to March 2013. Summary There is a paucity of Australian state-based data on the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin are not notifiable diseases and are not collected by the state and territory cancer registries. In a 2002 survey, the Australian age-standardised incidence per 100,000 persons for NMSC was 1170 (BCC 884, SCC 387) , with a higher incidence in the northern latitudes

    The effect of computerisation on the quality of care in Australian general practice

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    This thesis describes a study of the utilisation of computers by individual general practitioners (GPs) in Australia, and compares the practice behaviour of GPs who use a computer as a clinical tool, either by prescribing, ordering tests, or storing patient data in an electronic medical record format, with those who do not use a computer for these functions. A survey of individual GP’s use of computers was conducted among 1,336 GPs who participated in the Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health (BEACH) program between October 2003 and March 2005. The GPs were then assigned to groups according to their clinical use (or not) of a computer, and were compared on a range of variables including the characteristics of the GPs themselves, their practices, their patients, the morbidity they managed for their patients, and the managements they provided. Their behaviour was also compared, using a set of quality indicators designed for use with the BEACH data, and applicable in a primary care setting, to determine whether the clinical use of a computer has an affect on the quality of care GPs provide to their patients. Finally, GPs who use clinical software with embedded pharmaceutical advertising were compared with GPs not exposed to advertisements via this media, to determine whether such advertising influences the prescribing behaviour of GPs to favour advertised brands. From 44 quality indicators examined, clinical computer users performed ‘better’ on four and ‘worse’ on four. For the remaining 36 they exhibited no difference. Exposure to pharmaceutical advertising embedded in clinical software did not influence the prescribing behaviour of the GPs so exposed. Despite the belief espoused in the literature that computer use will improve the quality of patient care, I have found no evidence to demonstrate that the use of a computer for clinical activity has (as yet) affected, either positively or negatively, the quality of care GPs provide to their patients. The current push to computerise general practice will mean that this method of assessment will be difficult to replicate in the future, given the absence of control groups. Other research methods will need to be developed

    Five-coordinate gold(III) complexes of the Kläui ligands [(η⁵-C₅H₅)Co{P(O)(OR)₂}₃]− (R°=°Me, Et)

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    The reactions of cycloaurated gold(III) dichloride complexes [LAuCl₂] (L°=°2-C₆H₄CH₂NMe₂ or 2-C₆H₄PPh₂ NPh) with monoanionic tripodal oxygen donor Kläui ligands [(η⁵-C₅H₅)Co{P(O)(OR) ₂}₃]− (R°=°Me or Et) results in the formation of cationic gold(III) salts [LAu{OP(OR) ₂}₃Co(η⁵-C₅H₅)]+. An X-ray structure determination on [(2-C₆H₄PPh₂ NPh)Au{OP(OR) ₂}₃Co(η⁵-C₅H₅)]BF₄shows that the Kläui ligand coordinates strongly to the gold through two oxygen atoms, and weakly through the third, giving the gold(III) a distorted square pyramidal geometry. This is the first structurally characterised example of this geometry for gold(III) with ligands other than those containing rigid bipyridine or phenanthroline backbones. In solution at room temperature there is rapid interchange (on the NMR timescale) between the oxygen atoms of the Kläui ligands, which is frozen out on cooling

    The cycloauration of pyridine-2-thiocarboxamide ligands

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    Reactions of H[AuCl₄] with N-substituted 2-pyridine thiocarboxamide ligands 2-(C₅H₄N)C(S)NHR (R= p-C₆H₄Me, CH₂Ph, Me, p-C₆H₄OMe) gave cycloaurated derivatives {(C₅H₄N)C(S)NR}AuCl₂, with the ligand bonded as the thiol tautomer through the deprotonated SH group and the pyridine N atom to give a five-membered metallacyclic ring. The X-ray structure determination of the R = CH₂Ph derivative shows a square-planar gold(III) complex that dimerises in the solid state by weak Au...S intermolecular interactions. In contrast, in the reaction of H[AuCl₄] with 2-(C₅H₄N)C(S)NHR where R = 2-pyridyl, the ligand was oxidised to give a 1,2,4-thiadiazolo[2,3-a]pyridinium heterocyclic ring that was crystallographically characterised

    Cycloaurated triphenylphosphine-sulfide and –selenide

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    The first examples of cycloaurated phosphine sulfides and triphenylphosphine selenide have been synthesised; these complexes are fairly rare examples of gold(III) complexes with potentially reducing sulfur- and selenium-donor ligands. The cycloaurated complex (AuCl₂ (2-C₆H₄P(S)Ph₂) was synthesised in good yield by transmetallation of the organomercury precursor Hg(2-C₆H₄P(S)Ph₂)₂ with Me₄N[AuCl₄]. A route to the chloro-mercury analogue ClHg(2-C₆H₄P(S)Ph₂) was developed by reaction of the cyclomanganated triphenylphosphine sulfide (CO)₄Mn(2-C₆H₄P(S)Ph₂) with HgCl₂; this mercury substrate was also used in the synthesis of AuCl₂(2-C₆H₄P(S)Ph₂). The cycloaurated triphenylphosphine selenide complex AuCl₂(2-C₆H₄P(Se)Ph₂) was synthesised by an analogous methodology using the new phosphine selenide Hg(2-C₆H₄P(Se)Ph₂)₂ [prepared from Hg(2-C₆H₄PPh₂)₂ and elemental Se under sonication]. The phosphonamidic analogue AuCl₂(2-C₆H₄P(S)(Net₂)₂) has also been synthesised from PhP(S)(Net₂)₂via lithiation and mercuration. X-Ray crystal structures of several compounds are reported, and show the presence of puckered ring systems

    Synthesis and reactivity of gold(III) complexes containing cycloaurated iminophosphorane ligands

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    Transmetallation reactions of ortho-mercurated iminophosphoranes (2-ClHgC₆H₄)Ph₂P NR with [AuCl₄]⁻ gives new cycloaurated iminophosphorane complexes of gold(III) (2-Cl₂AuC₆H₄)Ph₂P NR [R = (R,S)- or (S)-CHMePh, p-C₆H₄F, tBu], characterised by NMR and IR spectroscopies, ESI mass spectrometry and an X-ray structure determination on the chiral derivative R = (S)-CHMePh. The chloride ligands of these complexes can be readily replaced by the chelating ligands thiosalicylate and catecholate; the resulting derivatives show markedly higher anti-tumour activity versus P388 murine leukaemia cells compared to the parent chloride complexes. Reaction of (2-Cl₂AuC₆H₄)Ph₂P NPh with PPh₃ results in displacement of a chloride ligand giving the cationic complex [(2-Cl(PPh₃)AuC₆H₄)Ph₂P NPh]⁺, indicating that the P N donor is strongly bonded to the gold centre

    LOW COST AIRLINES IN SOUTH EAST ASIA: A VIEW FROM SINGAPORE

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    The paper is concerned with the concept and characteristics of low cost airlines which are a well established sector in North American and European civil aviation industries, but a fairly recent phenomenon in South East Asia. Trends within the region are discussed with particular reference to the case of Singapore which has seen an expansion in low cost airline activity. Further growth seems possible and likely, although new entrants are shown to face both opportunities and problems. The Western business model appears to be applicable in a regional context, yet some modifications may be necessary to suit the different conditions in the market and those prevailing more widely.
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