Innovative Approaches to Integrative Energy Planning – Experiences and Results from the EU Project Urban Learning

Many cities in Europe and worldwide are searching for answers and effective approaches to the challenges of implementing ambitious climate objectives in liberalised energy markets while having to accomodate growing populations. Providing new infrastructure, jobs and affordable housing for city dwellers in urban areas offers unique chances for introducing renewables and largely decarbonised energy systems. At the same time, cities struggle with high building costs, urban planning approaches that only partially factor in energy planning as well as governance systems that would require much more collaboration and cooperation between key stakeholders involved in urban energy planning. The EU project Urban Learning (March 2015 – November 2017) involved seven capital cities across Europe (Vienna, Berlin, Paris, Stockholm, Amsterdam, Warsaw and Zagreb) as well as the City of Zaanstad (NL) and focused on enhancing their capacity to work towards integrative energy planning through improved governance processes. All cities concentrated their efforts on improving governance processes in new development and transformation areas to fulfill their commitments for reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and to respond to the immediate pressure of population growth. The consortium analysed innovative technical solutions and their implications for planning processes, evaluated existing instruments and tools and explored ways to develop governance solutions that contribute to more effective integrative energy planning. In order to improve communication and interdepartmental exchange between key stakeholders from e.g. planning, sustainability or environmental departments, each partner city installed a so called Local Working Group. Intrinsic to the project design was a strong emphasis on learning from each other and on exchanging insights, barriers and lessons learned regularly between members of the consortium, with local working group members and with other associated cities from all partner countries throughout the entire project period. After 33 months of collaboration, a number of insights and results surfaced that can be passed on to other cities facing similar hurdles and wanting to improve their own (integrative) energy planning practices and capacities. Without a clear legal base and strategy for energy planning, integrating energy and urban planning will not work. Clear, long-term decarbonisation strategies further support cities’ paths toward achieving more integrated energy planning. It also showed that more awareness is required about the need for public energy planning competences in city administrations and beyond. A key success factor includes a constantly high level of cooperation and collaboration among and across city departments and with stakeholders such as energy system operators, energy suppliers, developers and planners. This paper describes lessons learned, insights and results from the Urban Learning project highlighting concrete examples from different partner cities

Urban Learning - Joint Learning towards Integrative Energy Planning in European Cities

This paper gives insight about EU-project URBAN LEARNING (H2020 energy call) which began in March 2015 and will be concluded in August 2017. The article carries out the idea and structure, first results and expected outcomes. The project includes seven capital cities across Europe (Vienna, Berlin, Paris, Stockholm, Amsterdam, Warsaw and Zagreb) and the city of Zaanstad (NL) which all face the challenge of considerable population growth while being committed to significantly reduce fossil energy consumption and CO2 emissions. E.g. Stockholm grew by more than 12.000 people/a (1.5%); in the next 10 years Vienna has to build for 200.000 new people. Efficient and effective planning processes will be crucial for addressing this challenge. The project cities aim to enhance the capacity of their local authorities on integrative urban energy planning in response to new challenges from EU EPBD (Directive 2002/91/EC and 2010/31/EC), EED (Directive 2012/27/EU) and RES (Directive 2009/28/EC) directives as well as to changes of technologies and market conditions and the pressure to provide sufficient, affordable housing. The project emphasizes governance processes related to the (re-)development of urban areas. While some cities already started ambitious urban development projects, the institutionalisation of these experiences is missing. The cities are aware and willing, but lack of knowledge, lack of time and sometimes less collaboration across city departments impair this development. External stimulus is needed to overcome these barriers. Project partners address these issues collectively with key stakeholders, such as network operators and energy suppliers and share their findings amongst all cities. Focus is on multi-disciplinary learning - the project concentrates on innovative technological solutions, instruments and tools and most importantly focuses on innovative governance elements. This will provide potential approaches toward integrative urban energy planning. Developed tools and process improvements will also be implemented in the inner circle of smaller cities under the guidance of each national partner. In each city a local working group, comprised of experts of various city departments and stakeholders involved in the planning processes, was installed. These groups will help to ensure the implementation of results and outcomes

A coupled mathematical model for simultaneous microwave and convective drying of wheat seeds

Faster drying techniques are preferred to prevent spoilage of harvested wheat seeds. Microwave (MW) drying may be used as an alternate technique for faster drying of crops with efficient utilisation of time and energy. The objective of this study was to develop a mathematical model to simulate the drying condition of wheat seeds during drying in a MW oven. A coupled mathematical model was developed for simultaneous MW and convective drying of wheat seeds in a domestic MW oven, resulting in a system of non-linear equations. Wheat samples with initial moisture levels of 15e25% wet basis were dried under MW power ranging from 245 to 910W for 3 min. The temperature and the relative humidity of drying air was 23 degC and 27%, respectively. The results revealed that the rate of drying increased with increase in the initial moisture content of wheat seeds. The germination percentage of wheat seeds decreased with the increase of the MW power at each initial moisture content. The predicted temperature of grain during drying with the MW power at 910W was within the range of 65-70 degC. The experimental results of moisture content of wheat seeds undergoing MW drying were in good agreement with the moisture content of wheat seeds predicted by the coupled mathematical model

Energieraumpläne – ein Meilenstein am Weg zur nachhaltigen Energiezukunft Wiens

Die Energieraumplanung rückt Fragen nach unserem Energiebedarf, den erneuerbaren Energiepotenzialen und der Energieinfrastruktur in den Fokus der Stadtplanung. Ziel ist die Schaffung von standort- und klimagerechten Energieversorgungslösungen. Mit der Verordnung von Energieraumplänen kommt die Stadt Wien diesem Ziel einen großen Schritt näher: Neubauten, die sich innerhalb ausgewiesener Klimaschutz-Gebiete befinden, dürfen aus-schließlich mit hocheffizienten, alternativen Energiesystemen zur Aufbereitung von Raumwärme und Warmwasser versorgt werden. Dazu zählen unter anderem Systeme wie die Wiener Fernwärme oder Wärmepumpen. Im Umkehrschluss sind Öl- oder Erdgasheizungen verboten. Neben der Einsparung von Treibhausgasen im Sinne des Klimaschutzes werden mit dem Instrument der Energieraumpläne doppelte Infrastrukturen - d.h. Fernwärme- und Gasnetze - entflochten und damit volkswirtschaftliche Kosten reduziert. Schließlich erhöht die räumliche Steuerung von Versor-gungsoptionen die Planungssicherheit für Investierende, Stadtentwicklung und Energieversorgungsunternehmen.28371

Numerical investigation of thermal characteristics of confined rotating multi-jet

For using the swirling jet for air conditioning and heating in the premises, knowledge of the thermal characteristics is more than necessary. It is for this objective that the experimental and numerical study was realized. To conduct this study, we designed and built an experimental facility to ensure proper conditions of confinement in which we placed five air blowing devices with adjustable vanes, providing multiple swirling turbulent jet with a swirl number S = 0.4. The jets were issued in the same direction and the same spacing defined between them. This study concerned the numerical simulation of the thermal mixing of confined swirling multi-jets, and examined the influence of important parameters of a swirl diffuser system on the performance characteristics. The experimental measurements are also realized for a confined domain, aiming to determine the axial and radial temperature field. The CFD investigations are carried out by an unstructured mesh to discretize the computational domain. In this work, the simulations have been performed using the finite volume method and FLUENT solver, in which the standard k-ε, K-ε realizable, k-ε RNG and the RSM turbulence model were used for turbulence computations. The validation shows that the K-ε RNG model can be used to simulate this case successfully

La caricatura como estrategia pedagógica para formar hombres con hábitos en el uso de las señales de tránsito, en los estudiantes del grado once de la Institución Educativa Simón Araújo de Sincelejo /

130 hojas + Anexos : ilustraciones ; 28 cmLicenciado en Educación Básica con Énfasis en Artístic

Synthesis and in vitro antitumor activities of novel thioamide substituted piperazinyl-1,2,4-triazines

Triazines are in great interest for their potential to mimic nucleoside analog compounds. Three different isomers exist including 1,2,3-triazine, 1,3,5-triazine (s-triazine) and 1,2,4-triazine. All of these skeletons were investigated. Among them, 5,6-diaryltriazines were previously tested on MCF7 and other tumor cell lines. In this study, we have synthesized and characterized 9 novel 5,6-diaryl-1,2,4-triazine derivatives (4a-i) using (HNMR)-H-1, (CNMR)-C-13, and HRMS spectra. Contributing to the previous data, we tested our compounds on U87MG, C6 and SH-SY5Y cell lines along with MCF7. We evaluated if these compounds affect CNS tumors in vitro, which cell lines have different protein profiles from MCF7 and mainly nucleosides are used as their antiproliferative agents. Briefly, compounds showed good antitumor activity on the C6 cell line with up to 50% inhibition for 7 of 9 compounds (4b, 4d-i) at 50 mu M. Additionally, compounds showed moderate activity on U87MG glioblastomas, compound 4a was the most active with 29.68 mu M IC50. Compounds did not show significant activity on SH-SY5Y cells. Cytotoxicity evaluation gave the results that the synthesized compounds show moderate cytotoxicity on NIH-3T3 and severe cytotoxicity on HEK 293. The study leads the investigations of triazines with glioma cell lines