[Review of] Miriam Makeba and James Hall. Makeba: My Story

Like much of her music, Miriam Makeba\u27s autobiography is both personal and political. As it details the story of a young girl\u27s coming of age and search for identity, it simultaneously records the history of a country struggling for independence. In the prologue, Makeba compares herself to a South African bird soaring above the horror of apartheid (aparthood) which was instituted in 1947. As she recounts the details of war and injustice in direct, understated, idiom-filled prose, and as she intertwines details of ancient customs with the realities of modern technology, Makeba suggests that music best expresses the tragic subject of the inner exile of the South African people

Home Care of the Sick

PDF pages: 4

[Review of] Pleasant Cousin Joe Joseph and Harriet J. Ottenheimer. Cousin Joe: Blues from New Orleans

Unlike more traditional biographies, oral histories require that readers suspend their basic cultural assumptions about narrative. These assumptions, according to James Clifford, form a myth of personal coherence in which readers expect a narrator\u27s life story to represent a coherent and continuous self. The discrepancy between what a reader expects and what a reader receives forces the editor of an oral life-story to choose among several editorial options. In Cousin Joe, a work which took over twenty years to collect, to transcribe, and to edit, Harriet Ottenheimer informs us that she chose from three editing possibilities. She decided not to present a wholly unedited text complete with coughs and pauses, nor did she want to provide a work which included editorial commentary which might confuse the editor\u27s voice with the teller\u27s voice. Instead, she chose a style which strived for some measure of coherence ... intended for a general reading public” because Cousin Joe wanted his story to be a best seller. This compromising editorial tack proves to have a more positive than negative effect on the narrative, but Ottenheimer\u27s tendency toward an unedited text is plain. Although the book does exhibit standard spelling and grammar, much of the narrative is made up of unedited, rambling digressions

Med staden som scen : om människors sociala mönster och deras rumsliga förutsättningar i staden

Det offentliga rummet är så mycket mer än bara ett mellanrum. Det skapar ”liv mellem husene” som Jan Gehl har beskrivit det. Ett mänskligt liv som vi, blivande landskapsarkitekter och stadens planerare och utformare, kan måna om och välja att göra utrymme för. För ”livet” uppstår inte bara av sig självt. Människors sociala beteendemönster och platsers rumsliga utformning är båda med och påverkar vad som har möjlighet att uppstå i den offentliga miljön. Den här uppsatsen är en undersökning av hur människor använder sig av den offentliga miljön och hur de ger liv till staden genom olika roller. På en levande gata finns både åskådare och aktörer i olika former. I relation till dessa roller finns ett fysiskt rum, en offentlig plats som svarar mot det sociala beteendet samt rymmer olika möjligheter att träda fram eller dra sig tillbaka, att befinna sig onstage eller backstage. Genom att undersöka de sociala handlingar som utspelar sig i den offentliga miljön och hur de offentliga rummens utformning står i relation till dessa, hoppas jag kunna ge en intressant inblick i hur människor med staden som scen ger liv åt det offentliga rummet

Robert Schumann's Symphony in D Minor, Op. 120: A Critical Study of Interpretation in the Nineteenth-Century German Symphony

Robert Schumann's D-minor Symphony endured harsh criticism during the second half of the nineteenth century because of misunderstandings regarding his compositional approach to the genre of the symphony; changes in performance practices amplified the problems, leading to charges that Schumann was an inept orchestrator. Editions published by Clara Schumann and Alfred Dörffel as well as performing editions prepared by Woldemar Bargiel and Gustav Mahler reflect ideals of the late nineteenth century that differ markedly from those Schumann advanced in his 1851 autograph and in the Symphony's first publication in 1853. An examination of the manuscript sources and the editions authorized by Schumann reveals that he imbued the Symphony with what he called a "special meaning" in the form of an implied narrative. Although Schumann provided no written account of this narrative, it is revealed in orchestrational devices, particularly orchestration, dynamics, and articulation, many of which have been either altered or suppressed by later editors. A reconsideration of these devices as they are transmitted through the authorized sources permits a rediscovery of the work's special meaning and rectifies long-standing misperceptions that have become entrenched in the general literature concerning Schumann in general and the D-minor Symphony in particular

Apitherapy: Usage And Experience In German Beekeepers

This study aimed to investigate the practice of apitherapy - using bee products such as honey, pollen, propolis, royal jelly and bee venom to prevent or treat illness and promote healing - among German beekeepers and to evaluate their experiences with these therapies. A questionnaire incorporating two instruments on beekeepers’ physical and mental health and working practice was included in three German beekeeping journals and readers were asked to complete it. The instrument included questions on the use of apitherapy. Simple descriptive methods, bivariate correlation, cross-tabulation and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Altogether 1059 completed questionnaires were received. The beekeepers reported the most effective and favorable therapeutic effects with honey, followed by propolis, pollen and royal jelly. The factors associated with successful experiences were: age, number of hives tended, health consciousness, positive experiences with one product and self-administration of treatment. Beekeepers were asked for which condition they would employ propolis and pollen. They reported that they used propolis most frequently to treat colds, wounds and burns, sore throats, gum disorders and also as a general prophylactic, while pollen was most commonly used as a general prophylactic and, less frequently, in treating prostate diseases. No adverse experiences were reported. The potential benefit of bee products is supported by the positive experiences of a large group of beekeepers who use some of these products to treat a wide range of conditions. The indications and treatments given here may be important in selecting bee products and designing future trials

Effect of Different Chlorine Sources on the Formation of 3-Monochloro-1,2-Propanediol and 2-Monochloro-1,3-Propanediol Fatty Acid Esters during Frying

Several studies indicated that chlorine salts provoke 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol fatty acid esters (3-MCPD-FE) and 2-monochloro-1,3- propanediol fatty acid esters (2-MCPD-FE) formation in oils during frying. The amount of MCPD strongly depends on the type and the amount of chlorine salt. Food raw materials, additives themselves may contain several chlorine compounds, providing precursors for 2- and 3-MCPD-FE formation during frying. Then, the fat uptake can cause measurable concentrations in the fried food as well. This paper aims at screening chlorine compounds occurring in food industry. Influence of sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), ferric chloride (FeCl3) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on the formation of MCPD-FE was investigated, mimicking frying conditions (175-180 °C, atmospheric pressure), applying high oleic sunflower oil as frying medium. 2-MCPD-FE and 3-MCPD-FE were determined by using an indirect method based on alkaline-catalyzed transesterification and GC-MS analysis. As expected, the reference sample without using any chlorine salt resulted only slight increase in 3-MCPD-FE concentration, and no increase in 2-MCPD-FE concentration. In case of the stable salts minor formation was observed. At as high as 3 % dosage of NaCl and KCl 1.6 and 2.4 mg/kg 3-MCPD-FE generated, respectively. Adding CaCl2, NH4Cl and FeCl3 resulted in very strong MCPD-FE formation by both isomers (2- and 3-MCPD-FE) in this increasing order. 0.1 % FeCl3 generated 70 mg/kg 2-MCPD-FE and 238 mg/kg 3-MCPD-FE by the end of 8-hour heating

Fotonima stimulirana desorpcija vodikovih iona iz poluvodičkih površina: dokazi izravnih i posrednih procesa

Photon-stimulated desorption of positive hydrogen ions from hydrogenated diamond and GaAs surfaces have been studied for incident photon energies around core-level binding energies of substrate atoms. In the case of diamond surfaces, the comparison between the H+ yield and the near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) for electrons of selected kinetic energies reveals two different processes leading to photodesorption: an indirect process involving secondary electrons from the bulk and a direct process involving core-level excitations of surface carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen. The comparison of H+ photodesorption and electron photoemission as the function of photon energy from polar and non-polar GaAs surfaces provides clear evidence for direct desorption processes initiated by ionisation of corresponding core levels of bonding atoms.Proučavali smo fotonima stimuliranu desorpciju pozitivnih iona vodika iz hidrogeniziranih površina dijamanta i GaAs, za fotone energije oko energija vezanja unutarnjih elektrona atoma podloge. U slučaju površine dijamanta, usporedba prinosa H+ i fine strukture blizu-rubne apsorpcije X-zračenja (NEXAFS) za elektrone odabranih kinetičkih energija otkriva dva različita procesa koji uzrokuju fotodesorpciju: posredan proces uz sudjelovanje sekundarnih elektrona iz osnovnog materijala, i izravan proces uzrokovan uzbudom unutarnjih elektrona površinskih atoma ugljika vezanih na vodik. Usporedba fotodesorpcije H+ i emisije elektrona u ovisnosti o energiji fotona iz polarnih i nepolarnih površina GaAs daje jasne dokaze za izravne procese desorpcije uzrokovane ionizacijom odgovarajućih unutarnjih stanja veznih atoma

Vekttap hos pasienter med kreft i øre-, nese- og halsregionen. Forebygging av vekttap under kurativ strålebehandling

Videreutdanning i kreftsykepleieInnledning: Pasienter med kreft i øre-, nese- og halsregionen har økt risiko for vekttap. Dette kan både relateres til symptomer på sykdommen og til kreftbehandling. Strålebehandling er en viktig behandlingsmodalitet, både alene eller sammen med kirurgi og cytostatika. Bivirkninger av strålebehandling kan bidra til ytterligere vekttap. Vekttap og underernæring kan forsinke pasientenes rehabiliteringsprosess etter kreftbehandling og gi økt risiko for komplikasjoner under behandling. Problemstilling: Hvilke tidlige ernæringstiltak kan forebygge vekttap hos pasienter under kurativ strålebehandling mot øre-, nese- og halsregionen? Metode: Det er gjennomført en systematisk litteraturstudie. Emneord ble brukt i ulike kombinasjoner ved litteratursøk i helsefaglige databaser. Åtte forskningsartikler ble inkludert for videre gjennomgang og analyse. Analysen avdekket tre overordnede tema som ble diskutert videre. Resultat: Tidlig innføring av individuell ernæringsveiledning kan bidra til å forebygge vekttap under strålebehandling. BMI over 25 og kreftsykdom i mer avanserte stadier kan relateres til økt risiko for vekttap under strålebehandling. Profylaktisk bruk av gastrostomisonde (PEG) og orale næringstilskudd kan assosieres med redusert vekttap under strålebehandling. Konklusjon: Individuell veiledning om ernæring framkommer som det best dokumenterte tidlige tiltaket for å forebygge vekttap under strålebehandling. Veiledningen bør startes før eller like etter oppstart av strålebehandling