Injection of CO2-saturated brine in geological reservoir: a way to enhanced storage safety

Injection of free-phase supercritical CO2 into deep geological reservoirs is associated with risk of considerable return flows towards the land surface due to the buoyancy of CO2, which is lighter than the resident brine in the reservoir. Such upward movements can be avoided if CO2 is injected in the dissolved phase (CO2aq). In this work, injection of CO2-saturated brine in a subsurface carbonate reservoir was modelled. Physical and geochemical interactions of injected low-pH CO2-saturated brine with the carbonate minerals (calcite, dolomite and siderite) were investigated in the reactive transport modelling. CO2-saturated brine, being low in pH, showed high reactivity with the reservoir minerals, resulting in a significant mineral dissolution and CO2 conversion in reactions. Over the injection period of 10 yr, up to 16% of the injected CO2 was found consumed in geochemical reactions. Sorption included in the transport analysis resulted in additional quantities of CO2 mass stored. However, for the considered carbonate minerals, the consumption of injected CO2aq was found mainly in the form of ionic trapping.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Design and Performance of a Solar Energy Intensifier System for Drying Shelled Corn

Since utilizing solar energy as an alternate energy source for agricultural applications is dependent on improvement in the design of solar systems and on documentation of the performance characteristics, reliability and economic feasibility of solar systems, research was conducted with the following objectives: 1. Design a multi-purpose solar energy system with a diurnally tracking solar energy intensifier and a thermal energy storage unit to warm the ventilation air for a swine confinement building and to dry corn. 2. Test the solar energy intensifier-collector system for corn drying under actual conditions. 3. Evaluate the performance and economic feasibility of a diurnally tracking solar energy intensifier system for crop drying in South Dakota

Crop dryeration and in-storage cooling

AE-80

Pneumatic grain conveyers

AE-85

Den usynlige minoriteten

Bakgrunnen for denne oppgaven er den samfunnsmessige endringen vi har sett de siste årene. Verdens øyne har igjen vært rettet mot en borgerrettighetsbevegelse for svarte i USA. Den har åpnet en ventil for mange minoriteter. Samtidig ser vi en økning i høyreekstreme miljøer og hatkriminalitet i stort sett hele den vestlige verden. Dette har skapt friksjoner og bevisstheten øker hos de som tidligere ikke har vært berørt. På grunn av sosiale medier og ytringsrommene i mediene har vi hørt utallige historier knyttet til rasisme og diskriminering. I denne oppgaven har jeg samlet en håndfull historier og sett på eksisterende forskning for å avdekke enkelte kunnskapshull

Lined rock caverns:A hydrogen storage solution

The inherent intermittency of renewable energy sources frequently leads to variable power outputs, challenging the reliability of our power supply. An evolving approach to mitigate these inconsistencies is the conversion of excess energy into hydrogen. Yet, the pursuit of safe and efficient hydrogen storage methods endures. In this perspective paper, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the potential of lined rock caverns (LRCs) for hydrogen storage. We provide a detailed exploration of all system components and their associated challenges. While LRCs have demonstrated effectiveness in storing various materials, their suitability for hydrogen storage remains a largely uncharted territory. Drawing from empirical data and practical applications, we delineate the unique challenges entailed in employing LRCs for hydrogen storage. Additionally, we identify promising avenues for advancement and underscore crucial research directions to unlock the full potential of LRCs in hydrogen storage applications. The foundational infrastructure and associated risks of large-scale hydrogen storage within LRCs necessitate thorough examination. This work not only highlights challenges but also prospects, with the aim of accelerating the realization of this innovative storage technology on a practical, field-scale level.</p

Normkompetanse hos vg3-elevar med nynorsk som hovudmål

Formålet med denne masteroppgåva er å undersøkje normkompetansen til vg3-elevar med nynorsk som hovudmål, og å granske i kva grad rettskrivinga til elevane er påverka av innslag frå høvesvis dialekt og bokmål. Som grunnlag for drøftinga blir det lagt fram resultat frå ein korpuslingvistisk studie av 183 tekstar med totalt 165 165 ord. Tekstane er skrivne av 100 vg3-elevar fordelte på tre skular og seks klassar i regionane Nordfjord og Sunnfjord frå skuleåret 2018/19. Normavvika er registrerte i åtte hovudkategoriar med totalt 33 feiltypekategoriar. Totalt viser granskinga at elevar med nynorsk som hovudmål hadde eit gjennomsnitt på 1,7 avvik per 100 ord. Elevane gjorde i snitt 16 feil på ei langsvarsoppgåve som i snitt var på 903 ord. Granskinga syner at jentene og gutane i snitt har om lag like mykje avvik. Dei mest frekvente avvika er knytte til verbbøying, konsonantisme, vokalisme og substantivbøying. Av totalen ser det ut til at 33 % av avvika gjeld bokmålspåverknad, medan 30 % gjeld dialektavvik. I tillegg er det slik at 12 % av avvika har samanfall både med bokmål og med talemålet til elevane, noko som gjer det vanskeleg å avgjere kva for ein av delane dei botnar i. Oppgåva har også granska om chattespråk/snakkeskriving (SMS/Messenger) har påverka skrivinga i formelle tekstar. Vidare har elevane svara på ei spørjegransking om normkompetanse og kva skrivefeil dei trur dei har mest av. Denne undersøkinga har blitt samanlikna med normkompetansen som er avdekt i elevtekstane. Eit kvalitativt intervju gjort med 15 av elevane i undersøkinga har peika på forslag til korleis ein kan betre rettskrivingskompetansen.Abstract The purpose of the present thesis for a master's degree is to study the written language proficiency level among final-year secondary school students with Nynorsk as their primary language form. The aim is to examine to what extent Norwegian Bokmål or a student's spoken language affects the student's mastery of the official written language norm Nynorsk. The discussion is based upon a linguistic analysis of a corpus comprising 183 texts with a total of 165 165 words. The texts were authored by 100 final-year secondary school students from three separate schools and six different classes in the regions of Nordfjord and Sunnfjord during the school year of 2018-19. The words deviating from the official Nynorsk language word norm were registered and categorized into eight main categories and altogether 33 subcategories. The study shows that the students who use Nynorsk as their first language had an average of 1.7 word errors per 100 words with an average of 16 misspelled words in an essay of 903 words. The thesis indicates that boys and girls on average make the same number of spelling mistakes. The most frequent mistakes are related to verb conjugation, consonants, vocalism and noun declension. It seems that altogether 33 % of the word errors are derived from Bokmål while 30 % of the errors can be explained by the student's dialect. 12 % of the errors could derive from either Bokmål or the student's dialect, making it difficult to determine the exact error category. The study has also investigated whether the use of dialect in message exchange (SMS/Messenger) with friends has affected the writing of formal texts. Furthermore, the students were asked to evaluate their own language standard proficiency level. The students' self-evaluations were then compared with the language standard proficiency as revealed in the texts authored by the students. A qualitative interview with 15 of the participating students maps their suggestions for how to raise the level of their spelling skills

Differential expression of microRNAs correlated to diabetic kidney disease. A literature review.

Bacheloroppgave i bioingeniørfag, Institutt for sikkerheit, kjemi- og bioingeniørfag, Høgskulen på Vestlandet, campus BergenBIO16

Artificial Neural Network-Based Caprock Structural Reliability Analysis for CO2 Injection Site—An Example from Northern North Sea

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