20,463 research outputs found
Minimizing hypoglycemia while maintaining glycemic control in diabetes
In the accompanying Perspective, Cryer identifies a number of different areas where therapeutic interventions have the potential to reduce hypoglycemia without compromising glycemic control. Some approaches provide well defined clinical benefits, a few offer dramatic reductions in hypoglycemia but remain out of reach for most people while others, although promising have yet to be properly evaluated. (Table 1)
In this Perspective, I examine the evidence which underpins these interventions. It is beyond the scope of this article to review the data for each potential intervention in detail but the reader is directed to the appropriate source where appropriate. The Perspective focuses on treatment of Type 1 diabetes as most of the potential specific therapies have been evaluated in this group although I have commented in relation to recent trials of intensive therapy in Type 2 diabetes
Targeting acute hyperglycaemia in clinical practice
The UKPDS established the benefit of tight glycaemic control in preventing microvascular disease but was unable to demonstrate an effect on cardiovascular disease. This may have been due to the limitation of traditional agents which were unable to maintain particularly tight glycaemic control in the participants. A number of new oral agents and insulins are now available and show promise in achieving better glycaemic control which is maintained for longer. Side effects of weight gain and hypoglycaemia may also be less frequent and some of the new therapies have direct effects on post-prandial glucose. However the precise clinical benefit of new treatments has yet to be established, particularly in terms of relevant clinical outcomes such as death or cardiovascular disease. Many of the existing data are derived from regulatory studies which establish safety and equivalence and do not often define clinical benefit or value for money. However, some trials which do measure relevant endpoints are in progress and are due to report in the next few years. It seems likely that many of the new treatments will supplant existing therapy and the hope is that this will result in better glycaemic control and less micro and macrovascular disease
The Work Ethic
[Excerpt] In everyday usage of the term \u27Work Ethic\u27 is almost indistinguishable from work satisfaction or simply attitudes to work. Do people value work or not, or are they in various degrees indifferent to it? Since most adults are expected to work and most do in order to make a living, the work ethic in this popular use of the term is, on average, positive for most people. Nevertheless there are bound to be variations in this average and in the distribution around the average for different groups of people
Noncommutative Dynamics of Random Operators
We continue our program of unifying general relativity and quantum mechanics
in terms of a noncommutative algebra on a transformation groupoid
where is the total space of a principal fibre bundle
over spacetime, and a suitable group acting on . We show that
every defines a random operator, and we study the dynamics of
such operators. In the noncommutative regime, there is no usual time but, on
the strength of the Tomita-Takesaki theorem, there exists a one-parameter group
of automorphisms of the algebra which can be used to define a state
dependent dynamics; i.e., the pair , where is a state
on , is a ``dynamic object''. Only if certain additional conditions
are satisfied, the Connes-Nikodym-Radon theorem can be applied and the
dependence on disappears. In these cases, the usual unitary quantum
mechanical evolution is recovered. We also notice that the same pair defines the so-called free probability calculus, as developed by
Voiculescu and others, with the state playing the role of the
noncommutative probability measure. This shows that in the noncommutative
regime dynamics and probability are unified. This also explains probabilistic
properties of the usual quantum mechanics.Comment: 13 pages, LaTe
Technology transfer - A selected bibliography
Selected bibliography on technology transfe
A feasibility assessment of installation, operation and disposal options for nuclear reactor power system concepts for a NASA growth space station
A preliminary feasibility assessment of the integration of reactor power system concepts with a projected growth space station architecture was conducted to address a variety of installation, operational disposition, and safety issues. A previous NASA sponsored study, which showed the advantages of space station - attached concepts, served as the basis for this study. A study methodology was defined and implemented to assess compatible combinations of reactor power installation concepts, disposal destinations, and propulsion methods. Three installation concepts that met a set of integration criteria were characterized from a configuration and operational viewpoint, with end-of-life disposal mass identified. Disposal destinations that met current aerospace nuclear safety criteria were identified and characterized from an operational and energy requirements viewpoint, with delta-V energy requirement as a key parameter. Chemical propulsion methods that met current and near-term application criteria were identified and payload mass and delta-V capabilities were characterized. These capabilities were matched against concept disposal mass and destination delta-V requirements to provide the feasibility of each combination
Eigenvalue distribution of the Dirac operator at finite temperature with (2+1)-flavor dynamical quarks using the HISQ action
We report on the behavior of the eigenvalue distribution of the Dirac
operator in (2+1)-flavor QCD at finite temperature, using the HISQ action. We
calculate the eigenvalue density at several values of the temperature close to
the pseudocritical temperature. For this study we use gauge field
configurations generated on lattices of size with two light
quark masses corresponding to pion masses of about 160 and 115 MeV. We find
that the eigenvalue density below receives large contributions from
near-zero modes which become smaller as the temperature increases or the light
quark mass decreases. Moreover we find no clear evidence for a gap in the
eigenvalue density up to 1.1. We also analyze the eigenvalue density near
where it appears to show a power-law behavior consistent with what is
expected in the critical region near the second order chiral symmetry restoring
phase transition in the massless limit.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, talk presented at the XXIX International
Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 10-16 2011, Squaw Valley, Lake Tahoe,
California, US
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