South-African german centre transnational criminal justice and crime prevention: An international and African perspective

Magister Legum - LLM (Criminal Justice and Procedure)Corruption is a global problem, which poses a serious threat to the development of countries and their people. Although its impact varies, all nations are facing the evils of corruption and, therefore, the international community calls upon states to take preventive and deterrent measures against corruption. For example, the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) and the African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption (AU Convention) obligate their member states to have both legal and institutional frameworks for effectively fighting corruption

Client satisfaction and associated factors towards the health service provided to members of a community-based health insurance scheme in Southern Ethiopia

BackgroundGlobally, 1.3 billion poor people have no access to health services due to their inability to afford payment when they need services. According to a report published by the WHO in 2014, globally 150 million people are pushed into poverty as a result of direct payment for health services.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the satisfaction level of clients and associated factors toward health services provided to members of a community-based health insurance (CBHI) scheme.MethodsAn institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed. A total sample size of 393 people was estimated using a single population formula, and three health facilities (HFs) were selected using a simple random sampling method, whereas study participants were selected by using a systematic sampling method. All patients who visited the HFs were included, whereas women who visited the HFs for maternity service were excluded from the study. A reliability test (Cronbach’s alpha) was performed to determine the internal consistency for these items to measure the satisfaction level of the clients. Epi Info software version 7 was used to calculate the sample size and to enter data, whereas further data cleaning and analysis were conducted using SPSS software version 20.ResultsA total of 367 clients enrolled in the community-based health insurance scheme were interviewed, showing a response rate of 93%. The reliability test (Cronbach's alpha) value for the items used to measure level of client satisfaction was 0.817. The overall level of the clients’ mean satisfaction toward health service provision was 63.1% (3.95 + 0.47 SD). This study found that age with AOR = 0.11 [95% CI (0.01–0.79)], residence with AOR = 1.80 [95% CI (1.79–3.66)], number of family with AOR = 2.27 [95% CI (1.46–11.22)], frequency of visits to HFs with AOR = 13.62 [95% CI (2.09–88.58)], and clients’ level of knowledge with AOR = 3.33 [95% CI (1.06–10.42) had a statistical significant association with client satisfaction toward health service provision.ConclusionOur study found that the perceived level of client satisfaction is higher than previous studies. Residence, frequency of visits, level of knowledge, payment during referral time, number of family members, and frequency of visits were identified as predictors of client satisfaction on the health service provision

Top Dressing of Fertilizers: A Way Forward for Boosting Productivity and Economic Viability of Grasslands

Grasslands in the Ethiopian highlands have been degrading with grazing loads. Fertilizers like nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur improves the soil fertility and species composition of the grazing lands. This study justifies, evaluation of top dressing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on biomass yield of grass lands for market-oriented livestock production studied at Chosha kebele, Southern Ethiopia in 2017. Three fertilizer levels ((T1), 150 kg ha−1 urea (T2) and combination of 110 kg ha−1 urea and 100 kg ha−1 NPS (T3)) were laid out in randomized complete block design with 6 replications in summer and winter cropping seasons. Dry matter yield was significantly (P<0.001) different among treatments and higher results were obtained for combination of urea and NPS, followed by urea and the control one. Higher grasses species composition between application of combination of urea and NPS than urea alone. Net revenue is higher in nitrogen alone application than nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, better marginal rate of return (MRR=828%) recorded in Urea application for grazing land improvement in Gamo highland areas. It is recommendable to apply 150 kg/ha urea fertilizer to bring optimum yield of grazing land in Southern Ethiopian Highlands

Workplace violence and its associated factors among nurses working in university teaching hospitals in Southern Ethiopia: a mixed approach

BackgroundWorkplace violence among nurses has increased dramatically in the last decade. Still, mitigation techniques have not been well explored; many studies used a quantitative research approach, and there is a knowledge gap on the current status of workplace violence. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of workplace violence and associated factors among nurses working at university teaching hospitals in the South Region of Ethiopia.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted using a mixed approach. A random sample of 400 nurses was interviewed for the quantitative analysis, and nine key informants were interviewed for the qualitative analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the data. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and a corresponding p-value &lt; 0.05 was used to determine the association between variables. The qualitative data were transcribed and translated, then themes were created, followed by thematic analysis using Open Code version 4.02.ResultsThe prevalence of workplace violence was 61.3% within the last 12 months. Nurses working in emergency departments [AOR = 4.27, 95% CI: 2.21, 8.24], nurses working in inpatient departments [AOR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.40, 4.72], the number of nurses in the same working unit from one to five [AOR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.21, 4.63], and six to ten staff nurses [AOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.17, 3.85], nurses routinely making direct physical contact [AOR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.55, 4.95], and nurses' work time between 6 pm and 7 am [AOR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.00, 2.82] were factors significantly associated with workplace violence.ConclusionIn this study, the prevalence of workplace violence against nurses was high. We identified factors significantly associated with workplace violence among nurses. Interventions should focus on early risk identification, the management of violent incidents, and the establishment of violence protection strategies that consider contextual factors to reduce workplace violence

Can Sub-Saharan Africa Learn from the Experiences of East Asian and Latin American Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs)?

The spectacular development experience of East Asia newly industrializing countries (EANICs) and Latin American NICs (LANICs) is compared. Growth in EANICs was driven by non-dogmatic, export oriented policy based on adequate understanding of factor intensity. Export orientation came late in LANICs; was denied the course of comparative advantage; and also suffered from deficient leverage the state had enacting policies. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is a total contrast to NICs in terms of development orientation and policy. Economic liberalization and stabilization promoted in the right sequence is considered key to success. This however needs a radical redefinition of the SSA state itself

Synthesis and characterization of mixed transition metal oxides and their composites with carbon for energy storage applications

Abstract:Ph.D. (Chemistry

Yield Dynamics and Nutrient Quality of Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Varieties under Consecutive Harvests

Negative feed balance in terms of dry matter and forage quality has been affecting animal production in Ethiopian livestock system. Yield dynamics and forage quality assessment of ten Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) genotypes to assess the yield and nutritional quality of the grass was conducted in the field of Chano Mille Research substation from September 2018 to November 2019. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. All growth parameters showed significant (P&lt;0.01) variation among genotypes that were contributing either to yield or quality. Depending on the weather condition of growing months, dry matter yield was varied among genotypes and harvesting months significantly (P&lt;0.01). Dry matter yield varied from 4.87 to 17.35 t/ha for weather variation in growing months and from 9.57 to 18.4 t/ha for genotype variation. Leaf to stem ratio was not varied significantly among genotypes. Stem and leaf quality variation among genotypes for calcium, phosphorus and crude protein was significant while not for neutral and acid detergent fibers. Zehone_02 and ILRI_16835 genotypes could be of optimum dry matter yield and quality to be used as a feed option in a study area and similar agro-ecological zones. Assessing silage and hay quality and animal preference warranted with the production of the crop under irrigated condition

Mn-Ni-Co-O Spinel Oxides towards Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Medium: Mn0.5Ni0.5Co2O4/C Synergism and Cooperation

Mn-doped spinel oxides MnxNi1−xCo2O4 (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1) were synthesized using the citric acid-assisted sol–gel method. The Mn0.5Ni0.5Co2O4 (x = 0.5) supported on carbon nanosheets, Mn0.5Ni0.5Co2O4/C, was also prepared using the same method employing NaCl and glucose as a template and carbon source, respectively, followed by pyrolysis under an inert atmosphere. The electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity was performed in alkaline media. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to investigate the oxygen reduction performance of MnxNi1−xCo2O4 (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1), and Mn0.5Ni0.5Co2O4 was found to be the best-performing electrocatalyst. Upon supporting the Mn0.5Ni0.5Co2O4 on a carbon sheet, the electrocatalytic activity was significantly enhanced owing to its large surface area and the improved charge transfer brought about by the carbon support. Rotating disk electrode studies show that the ORR electrocatalytic activity of Mn0.5Ni0.5Co2O4/C proceeds via a four-electron pathway. Mn0.5Ni0.5Co2O4/C was found to possess E1/2(V) = 0.856, a current density of 5.54 mA cm−2, and a current loss of approximately 0.11% after 405 voltammetric scan cycles. This study suggests that the interesting electrocatalytic performance of multimetallic transition metal oxides can be further enhanced by supporting them on conductive carbon materials, which improve charge transfer and provide a more active surface area