PROPOSIÇÃO DE INDICADORES SUBNACIONAIS DE CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA E INOVAÇÃO: UMA APLICAÇÃO AOS ESTADOS BRASILEIROS

The present work aims to propose subnational C, T & I indices, with an application to the Brazilian states. The study is based on relevant variables indicated by the literature. From these variables, a calculation methodology similar to that used in the HDI was used. The study offers an approach to the alternatives of installation, from an installation of the options used, from a construction from available bases, from a series of configurations. The results confirm that there are disparities between the Brazilian states, with great intensity in the states of the Southeast, especially in São Paulo. This con-firms the existence of state and regional inequalities. Northern and Northeastern states are, for the most part, in the worst classification, showing a fragility of Brazilian local innovation energies.O presente trabalho tem como objetivo propor índices subnacionais de C,T&I, fazendo uma aplicação aos estados brasileiros. O estudo está baseado em variáveis relevantes indicadas pela literatura. A partir dessas variáveis, utilizou-se uma metodologia de cálculo inspirada no IDH. O estudo avança em relação aos demais, em função da adaptação metodológica e das variáveis utilizadas, propondo a construção a partir de bases disponíveis, de forma a não haver descontinuidades nas séries. Os resultados confirmam que há disparidades entre os entes federados, com alto grau de concentração nos estados do Sudeste, principalmente São Paulo. Isso confirma a existência de desigualdades estaduais e regionais. Estados do Norte e Nordeste estão, em sua maioria, na pior classificação, demonstrando uma certa fragilidade dos sistemas locais de inovação brasileiros

Utility Model Patent Protection Scenario in Brazil and the Indication Of Excessive Rigor in the Inventive Examination

Studies on utility model patents have shown this as an alternative for rapid patent protection that contributes to promoting the country\u27s economic development. Therefore, this research aims to propose a study of the utility model patent in the national patent system, aiming to know if this type of protection has served the purpose of innovative and technological evolution verified in countries with developing economies similar to Brazil. Regarding the methodology, this study is characterized by a quantitative exploratory study that was divided into two phases. The first phase was a bibliographic research related to utility model and the second phase was the analysis of applications for patents of invention and utility model. The results show that there is a greater amount of invention patent filings than utility model patent filings between 2000 and 2019. Also, it was noted that there is a significant decrease in the share of the utility model in the total of analyzed filings, as well as the PI deferral rate is higher than that of the MU in most of the cataloged years. As for the literature and jurisprudence analyzed, it was noticed that the inventive level required for the utility model patent is of lower intensity than that required for invention patents. Therefore, an accurate and objective definition of the inventive act requirement is suggested, in order to distinguish it precisely from the inventive step requirement, in order to speed up the analysis process and increase the demand for utility model patent filings

The Relationship between Scientific Knowledge Infrastructure and Brazilian Industrial Growth

This work uses the methodology of panel vector autoregression to estimate the causal relationship between the indicators of the chain of scientific and technological knowledge and Brazilian industrial performance. The model results show some of the implicit links in this chain are rather large if not particularly robust. We conclude Brazil is in a still tenuous process of endogenization of knowledge in its industrial economic system.Este trabajo utiliza la metodología de vectores autorregresivos en datos de panel para estimar la relación causal entre los indicadores de la cadena de conocimiento científico y tecnológico y el desempeño industrial brasileño. Los resultados del modelo muestran que algunos de los vínculos implícitos en esta cadena son bastante grandes, aunque no particularmente robustos. Concluimos que Brasil se encuentra en un proceso aún tenue de endogenización del conocimiento en su sistema económico industrial.Este trabajo utiliza la metodología de vectores autorregresivos en datos de panel para estimar la relación causal entre los indicadores de la cadena de conocimiento científico y tecnológico y el desempeño industrial brasileño. Los resultados del modelo muestran que algunos de los vínculos implícitos en esta cadena son bastante grandes, aunque no particularmente robustos. Concluimos que Brasil se encuentra en un proceso aún tenue de endogenización del conocimiento en su sistema económico industrial

Benefícios sociais da política de incentivos à cultura de mamão no Estado do Ceará

This study analyzes social benefits created by Ceará government incentives to papaya producers from 2001 to 2006. As theoretical basis, it was considered an approach of the economic surplus of Marshall and simultaneous equations model. Results indicate that the supply price-elasticity of papaya is very high. In spite of the decrease in quotes, there was a boost in the average amount supplied. The reduction in prices and increases in quantity are responsible for the rise in the society welfare. The aggregate value of total and per capita social benefits were of 3,163,045.00 reais and 39 cents of real, respectively. It shows the importance of actions taken by the government to reduce the cost of production in order to stimulate the development of fruit crops at Ceara state. The total social benefits of 4,690,042.00 reais were obtained by creating direct job opportunities of 1,876,016.00 reais and indirect employments of 2,814,025.00 reais. The producers received a boost in their average per capita income and total revenue of 167.05 percent and 282.74 percent, respectively. As a result, it is possible to conclude that many programs related to promote fruit production in Ceará have showed a boosting trend in production of papaya and in number of employments created

Benefícios sociais da política de incentivos à cultura de mamão no Estado do Ceará

This study analyzes social benefits created by Ceará government incentives to papaya producers from 2001 to 2006. As theoretical basis, it was considered an approach of the economic surplus of Marshall and simultaneous equations model. Results indicate that the supply price-elasticity of papaya is very high. In spite of the decrease in quotes, there was a boost in the average amount supplied. The reduction in prices and increases in quantity are responsible for the rise in the society welfare. The aggregate value of total and per capita social benefits were of 3,163,045.00 reais and 39 cents of real, respectively. It shows the importance of actions taken by the government to reduce the cost of production in order to stimulate the development of fruit crops at Ceara state. The total social benefits of 4,690,042.00 reais were obtained by creating direct job opportunities of 1,876,016.00 reais and indirect employments of 2,814,025.00 reais. The producers received a boost in their average per capita income and total revenue of 167.05 percent and 282.74 percent, respectively. As a result, it is possible to conclude that many programs related to promote fruit production in Ceará have showed a boosting trend in production of papaya and in number of employments created

Benefícios sociais da política de incentivos à cultura de mamão no Estado do Ceará

This study analyzes social benefits created by Ceará government incentives to papaya producers from 2001 to 2006. As theoretical basis, it was considered an approach of the economic surplus of Marshall and simultaneous equations model. Results indicate that the supply price-elasticity of papaya is very high. In spite of the decrease in quotes, there was a boost in the average amount supplied. The reduction in prices and increases in quantity are responsible for the rise in the society welfare. The aggregate value of total and per capita social benefits were of 3,163,045.00 reais and 39 cents of real, respectively. It shows the importance of actions taken by the government to reduce the cost of production in order to stimulate the development of fruit crops at Ceara state. The total social benefits of 4,690,042.00 reais were obtained by creating direct job opportunities of 1,876,016.00 reais and indirect employments of 2,814,025.00 reais. The producers received a boost in their average per capita income and total revenue of 167.05 percent and 282.74 percent, respectively. As a result, it is possible to conclude that many programs related to promote fruit production in Ceará have showed a boosting trend in production of papaya and in number of employments created

Benefícios sociais da política de incentivos à cultura de mamão no Estado do Ceará

Este estudo analisa o benefício social gerado pelos incentivos governamentais do Ceará aos produtores de mamão do estado, no período de 2001 a 2006, considerando como base teórica uma abordagem do excedente econômico de Marshall e os modelos de equações simultâneas. Os resultados apontaram que a oferta de mamão no Ceará tem elasticidade-preço alta. Entretanto, apesar do comportamento decrescente dos preços, houve aumento médio significativo da oferta. A redução nos preços e o paralelo aumento na oferta foram responsáveis por uma elevação no bem-estar social da população. O excedente econômico totalizou um valor agregado de R$3.163.045,00 e per capita de R$ 0,39. Isto revela a importância de ações voltadas para a redução nos custos de produção como forma de estimular o desenvolvimento da fruticultura no estado. O benefício social por meio da geração de empregos totalizou R$4.690.041,00, sendo R$ 2.814.025,00 correspondentes a empregos indiretos, e R$ 1.876.016,00 a empregos diretos. Os produtores perceberam um incremento em suas receitas médias per capitas de 167,05% e agregadas, de 282,74%. Conclui-se que os diversos programas de fomento à fruticultura projetaram o mercado de mamão cearense, gerando uma tendência crescente da produção e número de empregos.<br>This study analyzes social benefits created by Ceará government incentives to papaya producers from 2001 to 2006. As theoretical basis, it was considered an approach of the economic surplus of Marshall and simultaneous equations model. Results indicate that the supply price-elasticity of papaya is very high. In spite of the decrease in quotes, there was a boost in the average amount supplied. The reduction in prices and increases in quantity are responsible for the rise in the society welfare. The aggregate value of total and per capita social benefits were of 3,163,045.00 reais and 39 cents of real, respectively. It shows the importance of actions taken by the government to reduce the cost of production in order to stimulate the development of fruit crops at Ceara state. The total social benefits of 4,690,042.00 reais were obtained by creating direct job opportunities of 1,876,016.00 reais and indirect employments of 2,814,025.00 reais. The producers received a boost in their average per capita income and total revenue of 167.05 percent and 282.74 percent, respectively. As a result, it is possible to conclude that many programs related to promote fruit production in Ceará have showed a boosting trend in production of papaya and in number of employments created