Challenges, Innovative Architectures and Control Strategies for Future Networks: The Web-of-Cells, Fractal Grids and Other Concepts

International audienceThe large-scale deployment of distributed generation including intermittent renewable energy sources introduces several challenges to power systems operation and planning. Although power systems often evolve in a fairly incremental way to meet these challenges, the ambitious objectives for RES development in the next decades (2030-2050), together with the deployment of storage options and active demand, indicate that a more essential paradigm change shift may be required. This paper presents the future challenges and the state of the art of research works that study new concepts for the power systems of the future, with a particular focus on the Web-of-Cells concept, multi-microgrids, the fractal grid approach and autonomic power systems

Industrial Informatics DG DemoNet-Concept- A new Algorithm for active Distribution Grid Operation facilitating high DG penetration

Abstract—While distributed generation (DG) from renewable energy resources is seen as key element of future energy supply, current electricity grids are not designed to integrate a steadily increasing share of distributed generators. The hierarchical network topology was designed for unidirectional power flows and passive operation. In order to avoid excessively expensive grid reinforcements, new solutions for active grid operation will be necessary. This paper introduces a set of innovative technical measures that allow a higher DG penetration within the grid. A new control algorithm for coordinated voltage control in an active distribution grid featuring these measures is proposed. Simulation results for an application of the algorithm in an actual Austrian distribution grid segment are presented. I

ICT-based solutions supporting energy systems for Smart Cities

This chapter describes ICT solutions for planning, maintaining and assessing urban energy systems. There is no single urban energy system, but - like the city itself - a system of sub-systems with different scales, spatially ranging from buildings to blocks, districts and to the city, temporally ranging from real time data to hourly, daily, monthly and finally annual totals. ICT support must consider these different sub-systems which makes necessary dividing the chapter into different sections. The chapter starts with framework conditions and general requirements for ICT solutions, and continues discussing urban development simulating models. Then decision support tools are described for energy supply and demand as well as for energy efficiency improvement assessment. Later further instruments for Smart Grid-, district heating- and cooling-planning, as well as demand side management are addressed. In the final section tools are discussed for building automation systems as smallest physical entity within the urban energy system.</p

Laboratory infrastructure driven key performance indicator development using the smart grid architecture model

This study presents a methodology for collaboratively designing laboratory experiments and developing key performance indicators for the testing and validation of novel power system control architectures in multiple laboratory environments. The contribution makes use of the smart grid architecture model as it facilitates the integration of individually developed control functions into a consolidated solution for laboratory validation and testing. The experimental results obtained across multiple laboratories can be efficiently compared, when the proposed methodology is adopted and thus the study offers means of support for improved cooperation in smart grid validation and round robin testing.The work in this paper has been supported by the European Commission under the FP7 ELECTRA IRP (grant no: 609687)

Applying the Smart Grid Architecture Model for Designing and Validating System-of-Systems in the Power and Energy Domain: A European Perspective

The continuously increasing complexity of modern and sustainable power and energy systems leads to a wide range of solutions developed by industry and academia. To manage such complex system-of-systems, proper engineering and validation approaches, methods, concepts, and corresponding tools are necessary. The Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM), an approach that has been developed during the last couple of years, provides a very good and structured basis for the design, development, and validation of new solutions and technologies. This review therefore provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art and related work for the theory, distribution, and use of the aforementioned architectural concept. The article itself provides an overview of the overall method and introduces the theoretical fundamentals behind this approach. Its usage is demonstrated in several European and national research and development projects. Finally, an outlook about future trends, potential adaptations, and extensions is provided as well

ICT-based solutions supporting energy systems for Smart Cities

This chapter describes ICT solutions for planning, maintaining and assessing urban energy systems. There is no single urban energy system, but - like the city itself - a system of sub-systems with different scales, spatially ranging from buildings to blocks, districts and to the city, temporally ranging from real time data to hourly, daily, monthly and finally annual totals. ICT support must consider these different sub-systems which makes necessary dividing the chapter into different sections. The chapter starts with framework conditions and general requirements for ICT solutions, and continues discussing urban development simulating models. Then decision support tools are described for energy supply and demand as well as for energy efficiency improvement assessment. Later further instruments for Smart Grid-, district heating- and cooling-planning, as well as demand side management are addressed. In the final section tools are discussed for building automation systems as smallest physical entity within the urban energy system.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Intelligent Electrical Power Grid

How to Optimise the Over Production of PV Electricity into the Grid with the Implementation of ICT Devices - The OrPHEuS Project

The OrPHEuS project elaborates hybrid energy network control strategies for smart cities implementing novel cooperative approach for the optimal interactions between multiple energy grids. The OrPHEuS project aims at optimising the synergies between multiple energy grids by enabling simultaneous optimization for individual response requirements, energy efficiencies and energy savings as well as coupled operational, economic and social impacts. The project will investigate the implementation of the control strategies on specific use cases scenario in two demonstration sites located in the City of Skellefteå in Sweden and in the City of Ulm in Germany. The operational focus of the project is the cross-domain coupling of energy infrastructures in order to increase energy efficiency through energy transformation and grid coupling. In particular, the project researches scenarios for transition between energy resources and flexible infrastructures e.g. along Power-to-Heat processes. It investigates the balancing of fluctuating renewable energy generation against the flexibility in supply, demand and storage capacities within the power grid and via process coupling across energy networks. The project will look on technical as well as socio-economical aspects considered as multi-dimensional strategy framework. With respect to the hybrid energy characteristics, both demonstration sites are quite distinct. At the demonstration site in Sweden, the reduction of vertical production (driven unsustainable with fossil fuel) is in the centre of the targeted control strategies. Looking on the specifics of the Ulm testing site, the major issue is the balancing of the high penetration of solar generation under today’s operation with a pre-dominant operational challenge for PV control. The key focus is to define control strategies to increase the intake of the energy supply from PV on the roof generation into the grid while maximizing the benefits for the low voltage power grid. The 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC) in Amsterdam represented a unique opportunity to present information on the methodology adopted by the OrPHEuS Consortium to optimise the synergies between multiple energy grids. On the occasion of the EU PVSEC the OrPHEuS Consortium focused the project presentation on how to optimise the PV electricity production with the implementation of Information and Communication (ICT) devices at the Ulm demonstration site, the Test area in Einsingen, which presents an over production of the PV electricity of 230 MWh annually. The average annual electrical consumption is around 1000 MWh