Limbic-thalamo-cortical projections and reward-related circuitry integrity affects eating behavior: A longitudinal DTI study in adolescents with restrictive eating disorders.

Few studies have used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate the micro-structural alterations of WM in patients with restrictive eating disorders (rED), and longitudinal data are lacking. Twelve patients with rED were scanned at diagnosis and after one year of family-based treatment, and compared to twenty-four healthy controls (HCs) through DTI analysis. A tract-based spatial statistics procedure was used to investigate diffusivity parameters: fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean, radial and axial diffusivities (MD, RD and AD, respectively). Reduced FA and increased RD were found in patients at baseline in the corpus callosum, corona radiata and posterior thalamic radiation compared with controls. However, no differences were found between follow-up patients and controls, suggesting a partial normalization of the diffusivity parameters. In patients, trends for a negative correlation were found between the baseline FA of the right anterior corona radiata and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire total score, while a positive trend was found between the baseline FA in the splenium of corpus callosum and the weight loss occurred between maximal documented weight and time of admission. A positive trend for correlation was also found between baseline FA in the right anterior corona radiata and the decrease in the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory Revised total score over time. Our results suggest that the integrity of the limbic-thalamo-cortical projections and the reward-related circuitry are important for cognitive control processes and reward responsiveness in regulating eating behavior

Preeclampsia and other circulatory diseases during pregnancy : etiological aspects and impact on female offspring

The aims of this thesis were to investigate and compare environmental effects on the liability of developing preeclampsia and gestational hypertension; to estimate the relative importance of genetic and environmental effects on the liability of developing preeclampsia and gestational hypertension; to assess the effect of childbearing on the risk of circulatory diseases; and to explore the effect of preeclampsia on the female offspring anthropometry in early adulthood. We used the Swedish Birth Register to compare the effect of maternal diabetes, multiple birth, smoking, place of birth and obesity, on the liability of developing preeclampsia and gestational hypertension among 10,666 primiparous women. Maternal diabetes, multiple birth and obesity were all associated with increased risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. Maternal smoking and non-Nordic maternal place of birth were associated with decreased risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. The similarities in risk factor patterns may indicate similarities in the biological mechanisms underlying the two conditions. To estimate the relative importance of genetic and environmental effects on the liability of developing preeclampsia and gestational hypertension, we used the Swedish Twin Register linked to the Medical Birth Register and used quantitative genetic analyses of pregnancies of 917 monozygotic and 1,199 dizygotic twin pairs. For preeclampsia, we found that genetic and environmental effects are of about equal importance. For gestational hypertension, the estimates of heritability and non-shared environmental effect were 0.24 and 0.76, respectively. When we considered both diseases together as pregnancy-induced hypertension with different degrees of severity, the estimates of heritability and non-shared environmental effect were 0.47 and 0.53, respectively. We assessed the effect of childbearing on the risk of circulatory diseases by a cross-linkage of the Swedish Medical Birth Register and the Inpatient Register and analyzed 1,003,489 deliveries among 654,957 women. Compared with non-pregnant and early pregnant period, the risks of venous thromboembolic diseases were increased in third trimester, peaked during three days around delivery (relative risk 80) and declined during the puerperium. For arterial diseases (subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction), there was, compared with non-pregnant and early pregnant period, a more than 30-fold increased risk during three days around delivery, which declined during the puerperium. We also studied the effects of maternal characteristics on the risk of stroke and pulmonary embolism during the third trimester of pregnancy, around, and after delivery. Although preeclampsia, multiple birth and Cesarean section were all associated with highly increased risk of both pulmonary embolism and stroke, these complications did not explain the increased risks related to pregnancy. We explored the effect of intrauterine exposure to preeclampsia on the anthropometry in early adulthood among females. In all 230 young women exposed to preeclampsia in utero and 359 non-exposed women were included. In young adulthood there were no differences in height, body-mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio or age at menarche between preeclampsia exposed female offspring as compared to non-exposed

One-year outcome and incidence of anorexia nervosa and restrictive eating disorders among adolescent girls treated as out-patients in a family-based setting

Aims To study the 1-year outcome and to analyse predictors of outcome of a cohort of adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa (AN) or restrictive eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOSr) treated as out-patients in a family-based programme at a specialized eating disorder service. To calculate the incidence of anorexia nervosa among treatment-seeking girls younger than 18 in Uppsala County from 2004 to 2006. Methods A total of 168 female patients were offered treatment, and 141 were followed-up 1 year after starting treatment, 29 with AN and 112 with EDNOSr. Results Of the 29 girls who initially had AN, 6 (20%) had a good outcome and were free of any form of eating disorder at follow-up; only 1 (3%) had AN. Of the patients with EDNOSr, 54 (48%) had a good outcome and were free of eating disorders. Three (3%) had a poor outcome and had developed AN. The incidence of AN was 18/100,000 person-years in girls younger than 12 and 63/100,000 in girls younger than 18. Conclusion Restrictive eating disorders, including AN, in children and adolescents can be successfully treated in a family-based specialized out-patient service without in-patient care

Сбор и подготовка скважинной продукции

Предназначен для получения навыков выполнения расчетов при эксплуатации технологического оборудования систем сбора и подготовки продукции скважин нефтяных и газовых месторождений. Рассмотрены методики расчета состава продукции, потерь давления в трубопроводе при транспортировке сложных углеводородных систем. Представлены примеры решения задач, предложены варианты заданий для самостоятельного решения. Для студентов специальности 1-51 02 02 «Разработка и эксплуатация нефтяныхгазовых месторождений» дневной и заочной форм обучения

Family-based intervention in adolescent restrictive eating disorders : early treatment response and low weight suppression is associated with favourable one-year outcome

Background: Family-based treatments are first-line treatments for adolescents with restrictive eating disorders (ED) but have to be improved since outcome is poor for some. We have investigated the one-year outcome of a family-based intervention programme with defined and decisive interventions at the start of treatment. Method: Data pertaining 201 adolescents with restrictive ED with features of anorexia nervosa but not fulfilling the weight criterion starting treatment 2010-2015, had a wide range of body mass index (BMI) and of weight loss at presentation, and completed a one-year follow-up was analysed. Recovery from the ED was defined as an Eating Disorder Examination-questionnaire (EDE-Q) score < 2.0 or as not fulfilling criteria for an ED at a clinical interview. Results: By EDE-Q 130 (65%) had recovered at 1 year and by clinical interview 106 (53%). According to the EDE-Q criterion recovery was independently associated with lower EDE-Q score at presentation, higher weight gain after 3 months of treatment and lower weight suppression at follow-up, weight suppression being defined as the difference between premorbid and current BMI. Not fulfilling criteria for an ED was associated with the same factors and also by higher BMI at presentation. Conclusion: The observations that low weight and high ED cognitions confer a poor prognosis but that rapid weight gain at the start of treatment predicts a better prognosis are presently extended to adolescents with restrictive ED with a wide range of BMI at presentation. High weight suppression at follow-up is associated with a poor prognosis and indicates the importance of taking premorbid BMI into account when setting weight targets for treatment

Correction: Limbic-thalamo-cortical projections and reward-related circuitry integrity affects eating behavior: A longitudinal DTI study in adolescents with restrictive eating disorders.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172129.]

Groups characteristics.

<p>Groups characteristics.</p

Between-groups differences in FA values.

<p>The scatterplots report the FA values of the structures were differences were found between the patients at baseline and controls. The three most extensively involved structure are reported. CC = Corpus Callosum, ACR = Anterior Corona Radiata, bl = baseline, fl = follow-up.</p

Baseline differences in radial diffusivity between patients and controls.

<p>The figure reports axial slices showing the tracts of WM where a significant difference in radial diffusivity, calculated as the mean of the second and third eigenvalues, was found between baseline patients and controls at the TBSS analysis. A permutation-based test was used, with the number of permutation set at 10000. The threshold for significance was set at p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparison with a threshold-free cluster enhancement approach. The WM tracts are superimposed to the FMRIB58_FA standard provided with FSL.</p