Интернет в жизни белорусских и норвежских студентов

Материалы X Международной научной конференции

Content Validity Index and Intra- and Inter-Rater Reliability of a New Muscle Strength/Endurance Test Battery for Swedish Soldiers

The objective of this study was to examine the content validity of commonly used muscle performance tests in military personnel and to investigate the reliability of a proposed test battery. For the content validity investigation, thirty selected tests were those described in the literature and/or commonly used in the Nordic and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) countries. Nine selected experts rated, on a four-point Likert scale, the relevance of these tests in relation to five different work tasks: lifting, carrying equipment on the body or in the hands, climbing, and digging. Thereafter, a content validity index (CVI) was calculated for each work task. The result showed excellent CVI (>= 0.78) for sixteen tests, which comprised of one or more of the military work tasks. Three of the tests; the functional lower-limb loading test (the Ranger test), dead-lift with kettlebells, and back extension, showed excellent content validity for four of the work tasks. For the development of a new muscle strength/endurance test battery, these three tests were further supplemented with two other tests, namely, the chins and side-bridge test. The inter-rater reliability was high (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC2,1 0.99) for all five tests. The intra-rater reliability was good to high (ICC3,1 0.82-0.96) with an acceptable standard error of mean (SEM), except for the side-bridge test (SEM%>15). Thus, the final suggested test battery for a valid and reliable evaluation of soldiers' muscle performance comprised the following four tests; the Ranger test, dead-lift with kettlebells, chins, and back extension test. The criterion-related validity of the test battery should be further evaluated for soldiers exposed to varying physical workload

Antioxidants in Festuca rubra L. seeds affected by the fungal symbiont Epichloë festucae

Vertically transmitted fungal endophytes can be beneficial for host grasses. While the alkaloid-mediated mechanism for herbivore resistance has been widely studied, underlying physiological mechanisms for increased tolerance to abiotic stress remain scarcely explored. In this study we used three maternal lines of perennial grass Festuca rubra to examine the role of antioxidants in endophyte-mediated effects on seed viability over long-term storage. Uncolonized plants (E-) were generated by removing the endophyte from ramets of naturally endophyte-colonized (E+) plants. The E + and E- ramets were planted in a common garden in Salamanca, Spain. Seeds produced in 2009, 2010 and 2011 were harvested at maturity, dried and stored at 10 C until 2011 when we tested seed and endophyte viability, and measured antioxidants. Seed viability and α-tocopherol antioxidant were negatively affected by the endophyte in two maternal lines. In these same lines, the endophyte viability was lowest at the longest storage time. In the maternal line that showed the highest negative effect of endophyte on seed viability, the pattern of glutathione was opposite to that observed for tocopherols since it was higher for E + than for E- seeds. In all maternal lines, the glutathione half-cell reduction potential (E GSSG/2GSH) and % glutathione disulphide (GSSG) increased with storage time but there was no clear pattern associated with endophyte symbiosis. Whether these parameters are good predictors of seed and endophyte longevity in storage and natural conditions should be further explored. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.Fil: Gundel, Pedro Emilio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Plant Production Research; FinlandiaFil: Hamilton, Cyd E.. Plant Production Research; FinlandiaFil: Seal, Charlotte E.. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino UnidoFil: Helander, Marjo. University of Turku; FinlandiaFil: Ghersa, Claudio Marco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Ghersa, Claudio Marco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Vázquez De Aldana, Beatriz R.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Zabalgogeazcoa, Iñigo. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Saikkonen, Kari. Plant Production Research; Finlandi

Demographic characteristics of engineer soldiers, n = 37 (33 male and 4 female) in the inter-rater reliability, and ranger soldiers, n = 20 (male soldiers) in the intra-rater reliability (test-retest) investigation.

<p>SD = standard deviation, BMI = body mass index.</p><p>Demographic characteristics of engineer soldiers, n = 37 (33 male and 4 female) in the inter-rater reliability, and ranger soldiers, n = 20 (male soldiers) in the intra-rater reliability (test-retest) investigation.</p

Intra-rater reliability of the tests.

<p>n = number of subjects, s = seconds, reps = number of repetitions, ICC_3,1 = intraclass correlation coefficient, 95%CI = 95% confidence interval, SEM = standard error of measurement, SEM% = standard error of measurement in per cent, SRD = the smallest real difference.</p><p>Intra-rater reliability of the tests.</p

The content validity index (CVI) and the Kappa designating agreement of relevance (k*) of the muscle tests for carrying, lifting, digging and climbing.

<p>The content validity index (CVI) and the Kappa designating agreement of relevance (k*) of the muscle tests for carrying, lifting, digging and climbing.</p

The differences between Test 1 and Test 2 for dead-lift with kettlebells.

<p>The differences between Test 1 and Test 2 for dead-lift with kettlebells.</p