Knowledge and attitudes toward brain death and organ donation in Bojnurd

دانش و نگرش مردم شهر بجنورد (خراسان شمالی) در باره مرگ مغزی و اهدای عض

Psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale among Iranian population

Background The resilience construct is considered a personal trait composed of multiple aspects. Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale is a standard tool composed of fve factors and 25 items. This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of this scale. Methods In this cross-sectional study, after the scale translation, the factorial structural validity was assessed via the confrmatory factor analysis with 70 180 samples. Internal consistency, composite reliability, convergent validity were assessed by calculating Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability, maximum reliability, and Average Variance Extracted. The discriminant validity was assessed using Heterotrait-monotrait ratio of correlations matrix and also, measure invariance was evaluated. Results The original fve-factor model had good model ft indices but due to low factor loading of item 2 and 20, the model was modifed. The Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability for four factors were above 0.7 (except for factor 5). The convergent validity for all fve factors were achieved. Between factors 1 with 2 and 4, 2 with 3 and 4 discriminant validity was not established (correlations>0.9) and the results suggested that there might be a secondorder latent construct behind these factors. Therefore, a second-order assessment was performed. The results of the second-order latent construct assessment showed a good goodness-of ft and strong measurement invariance for both men and women. Conclusion The 23-item version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale is a reliable and valid scale to measure resilience as a complex construct in the Iran contextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Development and validation of the care challenge scale in family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and debilitating disorder that strongly affects people with AD and their families. The changes in signs of the disease and its treatment lead to many challenges in people with AD that affect the performance and the ability of caregivers, their social life, and physical, emotional, and psychological aspects of caregivers' health. Therefore, this study was designed to develop and validate the Care Challenge Scale (CCS) for family caregivers of people with AD in the care context of Iran.MethodThis is a cross-sectional study, and the primary scale was based on 14 semi-structured interviews with family caregivers of Iranian people with AD. In the next phase, the psychometric features were assessed, including the face validity (qualitative and quantitative), content validity (qualitative and quantitative), item analysis, structural validity (exploratory and confirmatory factors), and construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity). Finally, the reliability was assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega coefficient, and the average inter-item correlation), stability (intraclass correlation coefficient), and absolute reliability.ResultsTotally, 435 Iranian family caregivers filled out online questionnaires, with a mean age of 50.26(±13.24) years. Based on the results of the qualitative phase, an item pool was generated with 389 items, and after deleting overlapping and unrelated items, the CCS with 14 items was created. The results of the quantitative phase showed that the CCS consists of two factors with 10 items each, which are named effective role-play challenge and lack of social–financial support, and they explained 42.23% of the total variance. Furthermore, the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fitness of the scale structure model, and it had convergent and discriminant validity. The reliability indexes showed this scale has internal consistency and stability.ConclusionThe most care challenge among Iranian family caregivers of people with AD is effective role-play challenges and lack of social–financial support. The scale as designed has good validity, internal consistency, and stability that can be used by therapists, nurses, and researchers for the assessment of the challenges of this population

Nutrition and osteoporosis prevention and treatment

Introduction: Osteoporosis falls among the major general health issues, specifically in the elderly, and is a widespread disease these days. According to various studies, good nutrition plays a significant role in osteoporosis prevention and treatment. The aim of this study was to conduct an extensive literature review on the effects of different nutrients to understand how macronutrients, micronutrients, and non-nutritive substances affect bone health. Methodology: To find relevant studies, the main keyword "osteoporosis" was searched in combination with "zinc," "vitamin K," "phosphorus," "vitamin D," "calcium," "lipid," "protein," and "phytoestrogens" in PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, SID, and Iran Medex databases. Findings: The most important element for bone health is calcium, which has a direct link to the bone mass density (BMD). In the case of calcium deficiency, high phosphorus content can damage bone tissue. The acceptable ratio of phosphorus to calcium is 0.5-1.5:1. Vitamin D is another important nutrient for bones; serum levels of vitamin D less than 20 ng/ml reduce bone density and increase the risk of fracture. High protein intake results in calcium excretion and loss of bone mass. In addition, calcium deficiency increases the risk of osteoporosis, specifically in the elderly. According to the literature, there is an inverse correlation between saturated fats and BMD. Vitamin K and magnesium deficiencies are correlated with BMD reduction and increased risk of osteoporosis. Copper and zinc are used as co-factors in the formation of collagen and elastin, and in mineralization of bone. As a result, deficiency of these elements may disrupt the process of incorporating minerals into the bone matrix. Conclusion: Good nutrition may play a significant role in osteoporosis prevention and treatment. Indeed, a healthy diet containing calcium (1,200 mg/day); vitamin D (600 IU); and certain amounts of protein, magnesium, and vitamin K can contribute greatly to bone health

Translation and validation of the Comfort Behaviors Checklist in hospitalized children with chronic diseases

Abstract Background Different tools have been developed to measure patients' comfort. This study aims to translate, validate, and apply the Comfort Behaviors Checklist to hospitalized children with chronic diseases. Methods Validity and reliability are assessed using face and content validity, construct validity (known-groups technique and Principal Component Analysis), internal consistency, and inter-rater reliability. The study takes place in a children's hospital in Iran, involving 220 children aged 4 to 6. Results The Comfort Behaviors Checklist demonstrates acceptable face and content validity. Construct validity is supported by the lack of correlation between behavioral comfort scores in known groups. The Principal Component analysis results in five components, explaining 70.39% of the total variation. The checklist exhibits acceptable reliability, with a total Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.86 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.835. Conclusion The Comfort Behavior Checklist is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the level of comfort in Iranian children with chronic diseases

Resilience and therapeutic regimen compliance in patients undergoing hemodialysis in hospitals of Hamedan, Iran

Background: The relationship between resilience, one of the important issues in mental health, and therapeutic regimen compliance, the key in the successful management of chronic disease such as chronic kidney disease, is unclear. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between resilience and therapeutic regimen compliance in ESRD patients, undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 107 hemodialysis patients referred to Besat and Shahid Beheshti Hospitals of Hamedan, Iran were selected through systematic sampling method from January to April 2013. The tool was Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The criteria for compliance were: mean of interdialytic weight gain less than 5.7% to the dry weight, serum potassium 5.5 mEq/L or less, serum phosphorus of 6 mg/dL or less and no more than 3 absences in dialysis sessions. For data analysis, statistical tests such as independent ttest and Logistic regression were performed. Results: Fifty-seven (53.3%) patients were males and the mean age of subjects was 49.96±17.39 years. The difference in the mean scores of resilience between compliance or non-compliance patients was statistically significant (p=0.032). Only resilience and age were significant factors related to regimen compliance. In those subjects with greater resilience for 1 score, the chance of compliance with the therapeutic regimen would be 5.4% higher (OR=1.054, CI 95%: 1.01-1.103). In addition, the elderly patients were more likely to comply with the regimen (OR=1.072, CI 95 %: 1.033, 1.113). Conclusion: According to the results, the patients with greater scores of resilience were more likely to comply with the therapeutic regimen

Marital satisfaction and therapeutic regimen compliance in hemodialysis patients in hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services in 1388- 89.

AbstractBackgrounds and aimTherapeutic regimen non compliance is a common problem in hemodialysis patients. It is associated withmany side effects. Marital satisfaction and conflictions in dyadic relationships have an important effect oncompliance of a complex regimen. This study aims to determine the correlation between marital satisfactionand therapeutic regimen compliance in hemodialysis patients in hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University ofMedical Sciences and Health Services in 1388-89.Materials and MethodsIn this descriptive correlatiional study 100 hemodialysis patients were selected through the judgmentalsampling method. Data gathering tool was a questionnaire consisting three parts: demographic data, diseaseand ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Inventory. The latter part is validated by content validity method. Thereliability of ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Inventory was determined by Chronbach’s = method. Thequestionnaires were completed by patients during hemodialysis. In order to determine the compliance oftherapeutic regimen, the researcher recorded the mean of the last three months’ values of P, K, interdialyticweight gain, and the numbers of missed dialysis sessions using patient’s documents. Data were analyzed bySPSS statistical softwareFindingsWhile 56% of patients had compliance in therapeutic regimen. 59% had low and very low and 41 % ofpatients had moderate and high marital satisfaction. There was a significant correlation between maritalsatisfaction and therapeutic regimen compliance and marital satisfaction in patients with therapeutic regimencompliance was high.ConclusionPlanning for counseling and supportive programs concerning marital satisfaction can be beneficial for patientsand their families in order to increase their therapeutic regimen compliance.Keywords: Marital satisfaction, Compliance, Hemodialysis, Chronic renal failur

Development and validation of the care challenge scale in family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease.

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and debilitating disorder that strongly affects people with AD and their families. The changes in signs of the disease and its treatment lead to many challenges in people with AD that affect the performance and the ability of caregivers, their social life, and physical, emotional, and psychological aspects of caregivers' health. Therefore, this study was designed to develop and validate the Care Challenge Scale (CCS) for family caregivers of people with AD in the care context of Iran.MethodThis is a cross-sectional study, and the primary scale was based on 14 semi-structured interviews with family caregivers of Iranian people with AD. In the next phase, the psychometric features were assessed, including the face validity (qualitative and quantitative), content validity (qualitative and quantitative), item analysis, structural validity (exploratory and confirmatory factors), and construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity). Finally, the reliability was assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega coefficient, and the average inter-item correlation), stability (intraclass correlation coefficient), and absolute reliability.ResultsTotally, 435 Iranian family caregivers filled out online questionnaires, with a mean age of 50.26(±13.24) years. Based on the results of the qualitative phase, an item pool was generated with 389 items, and after deleting overlapping and unrelated items, the CCS with 14 items was created. The results of the quantitative phase showed that the CCS consists of two factors with 10 items each, which are named effective role-play challenge and lack of social-financial support, and they explained 42.23% of the total variance. Furthermore, the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fitness of the scale structure model, and it had convergent and discriminant validity. The reliability indexes showed this scale has internal consistency and stability.ConclusionThe most care challenge among Iranian family caregivers of people with AD is effective role-play challenges and lack of social-financial support. The scale as designed has good validity, internal consistency, and stability that can be used by therapists, nurses, and researchers for the assessment of the challenges of this population

Psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale among Iranian population

BackgroundThe resilience construct is considered a personal trait composed of multiple aspects. Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale is a standard tool composed of five factors and 25 items. This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of this scale.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, after the scale translation, the factorial structural validity was assessed via the confirmatory factor analysis with 70 180 samples. Internal consistency, composite reliability, convergent validity were assessed by calculating Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, maximum reliability, and Average Variance Extracted. The discriminant validity was assessed using Heterotrait-monotrait ratio of correlations matrix and also, measure invariance was evaluated.ResultsThe original five-factor model had good model fit indices but due to low factor loading of item 2 and 20, the model was modified. The Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability for four factors were above 0.7 (except for factor 5). The convergent validity for all five factors were achieved. Between factors 1 with 2 and 4, 2 with 3 and 4 discriminant validity was not established (correlations > 0.9) and the results suggested that there might be a second-order latent construct behind these factors. Therefore, a second-order assessment was performed. The results of the second-order latent construct assessment showed a good goodness-of fit and strong measurement invariance for both men and women.ConclusionThe 23-item version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale is a reliable and valid scale to measure resilience as a complex construct in the Iran context

Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale: a systematic review psychometrics properties using the COSMIN

Background: Psychometrical evaluation of persons of diverse contexts and different populations, including general or clinical. Objective: This review study aimed to evaluate the psychometrics quality of resilience scales. Methods: International and Iranian databases were searched with MESH terms, including “psychometric”, “validity”, “reliability”, “Connor-Davidson resilience scale”, “Resilience scale”, for published articles up to 1 February 2023. For each of the selected studies, the risk of bias was evaluated using the COSMIN Risk of Bias Checklist. Then the COSMIN checklist was used to evaluate the entire text of the article for methodological quality. Results: Considering the inclusion criteria, 80 documents were evaluated. According to the COSMIN’s criteria for evaluating the risk of bias, the current study findings revealed the included studies’ limitations in assessing the three versions of CD-RISC cross-cultural and content validity as well as their stability (e.g. conducting test re-test), whereas the majority of psychometric studies of CD-RISC-25, and CD-RISC-2 rated as very good or adequate in terms of structural validity. In terms of quality assessment of the included studies, the current study indicated that investigating the structural validity of the CD-RISC was mainly done based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis was absent. Conclusion: The general result indicates the acceptability of the quality of the studies. However, concerns for measurement properties such as responsiveness and criterion validity as well as the standard error of measurement have been neglected.Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (Sari, Iran