CO oxidation on a single Pd atom supported on magnesia

The oxidation of CO on single Pd atoms anchored to MgO(100) surface oxygen vacancies is studied with temperature-programmed-reaction mass-spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. In one-heating-cycle experiments CO$_2$, formed from O$_2$ and CO preadsorbed at 90 K, is detected at 260 K and 500 K. Ab-initio simulations suggest two reaction routes, with Pd(CO)$_2$O$_2$ and Pd(CO$_3$)CO found as precursors for the low and high temperature channels, respectively. Both reactions result in annealing of the vacancy and induce migration and coalescence of the remaining Pd-CO to form larger clusters.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, scheduled for publication in PRL 18 June 200

Validity of Contracts Under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods

Under article 4(a) of the CISG, domestic law governs if a sales contract\u27s validity is at issue.\u27 One must consult the conflict of laws provisions of private international law to determine which domestic law is applicable. In contrast to the Convention, the Swiss Code of Obligations as well as relevant Swiss literature and jurisprudence clearly address the issue of contractual validity. Swiss contract law\u27s error provisions are characterized as contract validity rules. If, for instance, a buyer claims that he erred on a certain fact that was a necessary basis for him to enter into an international sales contract under which the parties stipulated that the Convention would provide the applicable law and Zurich would be the forum of litigation, a Zurich court would probably characterize the claim as an issue requiring application of domestic validity rules. In light of the Convention, would this characterization be correct? The interplay between Swiss contract law\u27s approach to a contract\u27s validity and that of the Convention gives rise to this Article\u27s central focus

Break-down of the density-of-states description of scanning tunneling spectroscopy in supported metal clusters

Low-temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy allows to probe the electronic properties of clusters at surfaces with unprecedented accuracy. By means of quantum transport theory, using realistic tunneling tips, we obtain conductance curves which considerably deviate from the cluster's density of states. Our study explains the remarkably small number of peaks in the conductance spectra observed in recent experiments. We demonstrate that the unambiguous characterization of the states on the supported clusters can be achieved with energy-resolved images, obtained from a theoretical analysis which mimics the experimental imaging procedure.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Sistema para la gestión de riegos en sedes regionales de ONG Visión Mundial Guatemala, Guatemala.

Diseña un sistema web adaptativo a cualquier tipo de dispositivo (computadores, tabletas, móviles) que facilita la gestión de evaluaciones de riesgos en sedes regionales de Visión Mundial

Supported magnetic nanoclusters: Softlanding of Pd clusters on a MgO surface

Low-energy deposition of neutral Pd_N clusters (N=2-7 and 13) on a MgO(001) surface F-center (FC) was studied by spin-density-functional molecular dynamics simulations. The incident clusters are steered by an attractive "funnel" created by the FC, resulting in adsorption of the cluster, with one of its atoms bonded atop of the FC. The deposited Pd_2-Pd_6 clusters retain their gas-phase structures, while for N>6 surface-commensurate isomers are energetically more favorable. Adsorbed clusters with N > 3 are found to remain magnetic at the surface.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figs, Phys.Rev.Lett., accepte

Synthesis of monodispersed model catalysts using softlanding cluster deposition

In nanocatalysis, clusters deposited on solid, well-defined surfaces play an important role. For the detection of size effects it is, however, important to prepare samples consisting of deposited clusters of a single size, as their chemical properties change with the exact number of atoms in the cluster. In this paper, the experimental tools are presented to prepare such model systems. The existence of monodispersed clusters is confirmed by various experimental findings. First, the carbonyl formation of deposited Nin clusters shows no change in the nuclearity when comparing the size of the deposited clusters with one of the formed carbonyls. Second, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies show that fragmentation of Sin clusters upon deposition can be excluded. In addition, the adsorption behavior of CO on deposited Pd atoms points to the existence of single atoms on the surface. Furthermore, CO oxidation results on Aun clusters confirm the existence of monodispersed clusters trapped on well-defined adsorption sites. Finally, we use Monte-Carlo simulations to define the range of clusters and defect densities, for which monodispersed clusters can be expecte

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