Erwartungen der Praxis an CAL:Ergebnisse einer Expertenbefragung

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Vorgehensmodelle bei der Entwicklung von CAL-Software

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Inhibition of Return after Color Singletons

Inhibition of return (IOR) is the faster selection of hitherto unattended than previously attended positions. Some previous studies failed to find evidence for IOR after attention capture by color singletons. Others, however, did report IOR effects after color singletons. The current study examines the role of cue relevance for obtaining IOR effects. By using a potentially more sensitive method – saccadic IOR – we tested and found IOR after relevant color singleton cues that required an attention shift (Experiment 1). In contrast, irrelevant color singletons failed to produce reliable IOR effects in Experiment 2. Also, Experiment 2 rules out an alternative explanation of our IOR findings in terms of masking. We discuss our results in light of pertaining theories of IOR

Der Produktkatalog als Bestandteil der Informationsarchitektur von Fachportalen - eine vergleichende Evaluation am Beispiel der GESIS-Website

"Durch die Entwicklung eines einheitlichen Modells zur Informationsarchitektur der rund 40 im Wissenschaftsportal vascoda eingebundenen Fachportale soll die Grundlage für eine strukturelle Angleichung und damit eine einheitliche Gestaltung auf ergonomischer und ästhetischer Ebene geschaffen werden. Das Modell vollzieht die Trennung von Website-Navigation (auf Ebene des User Interface) und inhaltlicher Navigation (auf Ebene der Informationsarchitektur) durch den Einsatz eines so genannten Produktkatalogs. Ein wesentlicher Aspekt des Modells, nämlich die Gegenüberstellung von statischem und dynamischem Menü, wurde am Beispiel der GESIS-Website prototypisch umgesetzt und einer vergleichenden Evaluation unterzogen. Der Arbeitsbericht stellt die Methoden und Ergebnisse dieses Benutzertests vor." (Autorenreferat

Large-scale assessment of organic contaminant emissions from chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing into Swiss surface waters

This study presents a nation-wide assessment of the influence of chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing (CPM) wastewaters on synthetic organic contaminant (SOC) emissions to Swiss surface waters. Geographic Information System (GIS) based analysis of the presence of CPM in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) catchments revealed wide distribution of this industrial sector across Switzerland, suggesting that one-third of the 718 Swiss WWTPs may be influenced by CPM wastewaters. To reflect the diversity of this type of wastewaters, we investigated the effluents of 11 WWTPs of diverse sizes and technologies, which treated 0-100% wastewater from a variety of CPM activities. In an extensive sampling campaign, we collected temporally high resolved (i.e., daily) samples for 2-3 months to capture the dynamics of CPM discharges. The > 850 samples were then measured with liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Non-target characterization of the LC-HRMS time series datasets revealed that CPM wastewaters left a highly variable and site-specific signature in the effluents of the WWTPs. Particularly, compared to WWTPs with purely domestic input, a larger variety of substances (up to 15 times more compounds) with higher maximum concentrations (1-2 orders of magnitude) and more uncommon substances were found in CPM-influenced effluents. Moreover, in the latter, highly fluctuating discharges often contributed to a substantial fraction of the overall emissions. The largely varying characteristics of CPM discharges between different facilities were primarily related to the type of activities at the industries (i.e., production versus processing of chemicals) as well as to the pre-treatment and storage of CPM wastewaters. Eventually, for one WWTP, LC-HRMS time series were correlated with ecotoxicity time series obtained from bioassays and major toxic components could be identified. Overall, in view of their potential relevance to water quality, a strong focus on SOC discharges from CPM is essential, including the design of situation-specific monitoring, as well as risk assessment and mitigation strategies that consider the variability of industrial emissions. Keywords: Chemical and pharmaceutical industry; High-resolution mass spectrometry; Industrial wastewater; Micropollutants; Non-target analysis; Temporal data

Recommendations for additional imaging of abdominal imaging examinations:frequency, benefit, and cost

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the frequency, determinants, clinical implications, and costs of recommendations for additional imaging (RAIs) in secondary interpretations of abdominal imaging examinations. METHODS: This retrospective study included 2225 abdominal imaging examinations from outside institutions that were reinterpreted as part of standard clinical care at a tertiary care center in a one-year time frame. RESULTS: Two hundred forty-six RAIs were present in 231 of 2225 reports (10.4%) of secondary abdominal imaging interpretations. Patient age and experience of the radiologist who performed the secondary interpretation were independently significantly associated with the presence of an RAI (both p = 0.002), with odds ratios of 0.99 per year increase in patient age (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98-1.00) and 1.06 per year increase in experience of the radiologist (95% CI, 1.02-1.10). If followed, RAIs changed clinical management in 31.2%. Total costs of all 246 RAIs, whether performed or not by the referring physicians, amounted to €71,032.21, thus resulting in €31.92 per secondary abdominal imaging interpretation. Total costs of the 140 RAIs that were actually performed by the referring physicians amounted to €42,683.08, resulting in €19.18 per secondary abdominal imaging interpretation. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of RAIs in reports of secondary interpretations of abdominal imaging examinations (which appear to be affected by patients' age and radiologists' experience) and associated costs are non-negligible. However, RAIs not infrequently change clinical management. The presented data may be helpful to radiology departments and healthcare policy makers to make well-informed decisions on the value and facilitation of the practice of secondary interpretations. KEY POINTS: • Frequency of recommendations for additional imaging (RAIs) in secondary interpretations of abdominal imaging examinations at a tertiary care center is approximately 10.4%. • RAIs appear to be more frequently issued in younger patients and by more experienced radiologists, and if followed by referring clinicians, change clinical management in about one third of cases. • RAI costs per secondary interpretation in the Dutch Healthcare system are €31.92 (considering all RAIs) or €19.18 (considering only those RAIs that are actually performed)

Unread Second-Opinion Radiology Reports:A Potential Waste of Health Care Resources

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to investigate how frequently second-opinion radiology reports are not read by clinicians and to identify reasons why reports are not read. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This retrospective study included 4696 consecutive second-opinion reports of external imaging examinations that were authorized by subspecialty radiologists at a tertiary care institution over a 1-year period. RESULTS. Of 4696 second-opinion reports, 537 were not read by a clinician, corresponding to a frequency of 11.4% (95% CI, 10.6-12.3%). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, five variables were significantly and independently associated with the second-opinion report not being read: Inpatient status (odds ratio [OR], 163.26; p < 0.001), sonography as the imaging modality (OR, 5.07; p = 0.014), surgery (OR, 0.18; p < 0.001) or neurology (OR, 2.82; p < 0.001) as the requesting clinician's specialty, and interventional radiology as the subspecialty of the radiologist who authorized the second-opinion report (OR, 3.52; p = 0.047). We found no significant independent associations between the clinician not reading the secondopinion report and patient age, patient sex, or time between submission of the second-opinion request and finalization of the report. CONCLUSION. A considerable proportion of second-opinion reports are not read by clinicians, which represents an appreciable but potentially reversible waste of health care resources. The reasons why clinicians do not read reports need to be investigated in future studies. If subspecialty radiologists and clinicians take the proven determinants into account, the amount of second-opinion readings with limited additional clinical value may be reduced

Parental food provisioning and nestling growth under Philornis downsi parasitism in the Galapagos Green Warbler-Finch, classified as 'vulnerable' by the IUCN.

In the Galapagos Islands, many endemic landbird populations are declining due to habitat degradation, food availability, introduced species and other factors. Given nestlings typically lack efficient defense mechanisms against parasites, hematophagous ectoparasites such as the larvae of the introduced Avian Vampire Fly, Philornis downsi, can impose high brood mortality and cause threatening population declines in Darwin finches and other landbirds. Here, we assess whether the food compensation hypothesis (i.e., the parents' potential to compensate for deleterious parasite effects via increased food provisioning) applies to the Green Warbler-Finch. We differentiated nests with low or high infestation levels by P. downsi and quantified food provisioning rates of male and female parents, time females spent brooding nestlings, and nestling growth. Male provisioning rates, total provisioning rates and female brooding time did not significantly vary in relation to infestation levels, nor by the number of nestlings. Opposed to the predictions of the food compensation hypothesis, females showed significantly reduced provisioning rates at high infestation levels. Nestling body mass was significantly lower and there was a reduction of skeletal growth, although not significantly, in highly infested nests. The females' response to high infestation may be due to parasites directly attacking and weakening brooding females, or else that females actively reduce current reproductive effort in favor of future reproduction. This life-history trade-off may be typical for Darwin finches and many tropical birds with long lifespans and therefore high residual reproductive value. Conservation strategies may not build on the potential for parental food compensation by this species

Unternehmensnachfolge im sächsischen Handwerk

Die Unternehmen des sächsischen Handwerks sehen sich vielseitigen Herausforderungen gegenüber. Das Verteidigen der Wettbewerbsposition gegenüber anderen Handwerkern aus dem Inland und dem osteuropäischen Ausland gestaltet sich schwierig. Zudem stehen viele Betriebe in den kommenden Jahren vor einem Generationswechsel. Das Thema Generationswechsel erhält vor dem Hintergrund der sich abzeichnenden demographischen Entwicklung noch zusätzlich Brisanz. Zur Problematik von Unternehmensnachfolgen in Sachsen erstellte die Niederlassung Dresden des ifo Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung eine Studie im Auftrag des Sächsischen Staatsministeriums für Wirtschaft und Arbeit. Der vorliegende Beitrag fasst die wesentlichen Ergebnisse speziell zu den sächsischen Handwerksunternehmen, die auch im sächsischen Mittelstandsbericht 2005/2006 veröffentlicht wurden, zusammen.Unternehmensnachfolge; Handwerk; Sachsen

Sozialer und städtebaulicher Ansatz zur Rehabilitation von Wohngebieten der 60er Jahre

Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 24. bis 26. Juni 1986 in Weimar an der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen zum Thema: 'Der wissenschaftlich-technische Fortschritt und die sozial-kulturellen Funktionen von Architektur und industrieller Formgestaltung in unserer Epoche