Improving information retrieval with dialogue mapping and concept mapping tools : training university teachers to use a new method and integrate information searching exercises into their own instruction

The Library of Helsinki University of Technology (TKK) has almost 40 years' experience in teaching information retrieval, but has recently revised its training methods. During autumn 2006 the library and the Department of Computer Science and Engineering started an interesting co-operation. New software for making mind maps, concept maps and dialogue maps are being used for structuring information retrieval. This project got a warm reception because it can be adapted throughout the university and will benefit several departments. Teachers can also update their knowledge of information searching and retrieval skills

Concept mapping and dialogue mapping in information seeking practices : a case study

There are huge possibilities for using concept and dialogue mapping tools in information retrieval. With the help of the software the subjects can be analysed and divided into smaller conceptual parts. Then the actual task is easier to carry out. In the past two years the Helsinki University of Technology TKK library and the Department of Computer Science and Engineering have co-operated with an interesting project. New software for making mind maps, concept maps and dialogue maps are being used for structuring information retrieval. These methods have been studied together, taught on separate courses and presentations about the methods have been given. This project has got a warm reception because the idea can be adapted throughout the university and therefore several departments may benefit. The paper will discuss the experiences of the project and highlight the possibilities incorporating the concept and dialogue mapping techniques in information literacy activities. Visualization of information seeking increases creativity. Illustrations can also capture complex entities, as demonstrated in Figure 1.reviewe

Accuracy of prehospital clinicians' perceived prognostication of long-term survival in critically ill patients : a nationwide retrospective cohort study on helicopter emergency service patients

Objectives Prehospital critical care physicians regularly attend to patients with poor prognosis and may limit the advanced therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of poor prognosis given by prehospital critical care clinicians. Design Cohort study. Setting We performed a retrospective cohort study using the national helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) quality database. Participants Patients classified by the HEMS clinician to have survived until hospital admission solely because of prehospital interventions but evaluated as having no long-term survival by prehospital clinician, were included. Primary and secondary outcome The survival of the study patients was examined at 30 days, 1 year and 3 years. Results Of 36 715 patients encountered by the HEMS during the study period, 2053 patients were classified as having no long-term survival and included. At 30 days, 713 (35%, 95% CI 33% to 37%) were still alive and 69 were lost to follow-up. Furthermore, at 1 year 524 (26%) and at 3 years 267 (13%) of the patients were still alive. The deceased patients received more often prehospital rapid sequence intubation and vasoactives, compared with patients alive at 30 days. Patients deceased at 30 days were older and had lower initial Glasgow Coma Scores. Otherwise, no clinically relevant difference was found in the prehospital vital parameters between the survivors and non-survivors. Conclusions The prognostication of long-term survival for critically ill patients by a prehospital critical care clinician seems to fulfil only moderately. A prognosis based on clinical judgement must be handled with a great degree of caution and decision on limitation of advanced care should be made cautiously.Peer reviewe

Hole misalignment and gain performance of Gaseous Electron Multipliers

It is well known and has been shown that the gain performance of Gaseous Electron Multipliers (GEM) depends on the size of the holes. With an optical scanner it is possible to measure the dimensions of the holes, and to predict the performance of GEMs. However, the gain prediction of GEMs that are manufactured with a double mask etching technique is not straightforward. With the hole size information alone, it is not possible to make precise prediction of the gain. We show that the alignment of the photo-masks between the two sides of the GEM foils plays a crucial role. A misalignment of a few microns can lower the gain substantially. The study is performed by using the Helsinki high definition optical scanner for quality control of GEM foils, and this will show its true potential.Peer reviewe

Improved stability of black silicon detectors using aluminum oxide surface passivation

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 ESA and CNESWe have studied how high-energy electron irradiation (12 MeV, total dose 66 krad(Si)) and long term humidity exposure (75%, 75 °C, 500 hours) influence the induced junction black silicon or planar photodiode characteristics. In our case, the induced junction is formed using n-type silicon and atomic-layer deposited aluminum oxide (Al2O3), which contains a large negative fixed charge. We compare the results with corresponding planar pn-junction detectors passivated with either with silicon dioxide (SiO2) or Al2O3. The results show that the induced junction detectors remain stable as their responsivity remains nearly unaffected during the electron beam irradiation. On the other hand, the SiO2 passivated counterparts that included conventional pn-junction degrade heavily, which is seen as strongly reduced UV response. Similarly, after humidity test the response of the induced junction detector remains unaffected, while the pn-junction detectors passivated with SiO2 degrade significantly, for instance, the response at 200 nm reduces to 50% from the original value. Interestingly, the pn-junction detectors passivated with Al2O3 exhibit no degradation of UV response, indicating that the surface passivation properties of Al2O3 are more stable than SiO2 under the studied conditions. This phenomenon is further confirmed with PC1D simulations suggesting that the UV degradation results from increased surface recombination velocity. To conclude, the results presented here suggest that black silicon photodiodes containing Al2O3-based induced junction are highly promising alternatives for applications that require the best performance and long-term stability under ionizing and humid conditions.Peer reviewe

Pohjaveden puhdistaminen reaktiivisella seinämällä – Koekohteena Oriveden Asemanseudun pilaantunut pohjavesialue

Reaktiivisella seinämällä tarkoitetaan maaperään asennettua, reaktiivista materiaalia sisältävää seinämärakennetta tai –vyöhykettä, jonka läpi pilaantunut pohjavesi johdetaan muuttamatta pohjaveden luonnollisia virtausreittejä. Pohjavesi puhdistuu, kun seinämän läpi kulkevat haitta-aineet reagoivat reaktiivisen materiaalin kanssa ja muuntuvat samalla haitattomiksi tai alkuperäistä vähemmän haitallisiksi yhdisteiksi tai pidättyvät seinämään. Menetelmän toistaiseksi yleisin sovellus on ollut klooratuilla liuottimilla pilaantuneen pohjaveden puhdistaminen raemuotoisen metalliraudan avulla. Menetelmän toimivuutta Suomen olosuhteissa tutkittiin asentamalla koeseinämä Oriveden Asemanseudun pilaantuneelle pohjavesialueelle. Koeseinämässä käytettiin kotimaista rautamateriaalia. Oriveden koekohteen kokemukset seinämän asentamisesta Suomen hydrogeologisissa olosuhteisissa osoittivat, että seinämä saadaan sekä hydraulisesti että puhdistumisprosessin kannalta toimivaksi myös tyypillisissä vedenhankinnan kannalta tärkeissä pohjavesimuodostumissa

The development of emergency medical services benefit score : a European Delphi study

Publisher Copyright: © 2021. The Author(s).BACKGROUND: The helicopter emergency services (HEMS) Benefit Score (HBS) is a nine-level scoring system developed to evaluate the benefits of HEMS missions. The HBS has been in clinical use for two decades in its original form. Advances in prehospital care, however, have produced demand for a revision of the HBS. Therefore, we developed the emergency medical services (EMS) Benefit Score (EBS) based on the former HBS. As reflected by its name, the aim of the EBS is to measure the benefits produced by the whole EMS systems to patients. METHODS: This is a four-round, web-based, international Delphi consensus study with a consensus definition made by experts from seven countries. Participants reviewed items of the revised HBS on a 5-point Likert scale. A content validity index (CVI) was calculated, and agreement was defined as a 70% CVI. Study included experts from seven European countries. Of these, 18 were prehospital expert panellists and 11 were in-hospital commentary board members. RESULTS: The first Delphi round resulted in 1248 intervention examples divided into ten diagnostic categories. After removing overlapping examples, 413 interventions were included in the second Delphi round, which resulted in 38 examples divided into HBS categories 3-8. In the third Delphi round, these resulted in 37 prehospital interventions, examples of which were given revised version of the score. In the fourth and final Delphi round, the expert panel was given an opportunity to accept or comment on the revised scoring system. CONCLUSIONS: The former HBS was revised by a Delphi methodology and EBS developed to represent its structural purpose better. The EBS includes 37 exemplar prehospital interventions to guide its clinical use. Trial registration The study permission was requested and granted by Turku University Hospital (decision number TP2/010/18).Peer reviewe

Accuracy of prehospital clinicians' perceived prognostication of long-term survival in critically ill patients: a nationwide retrospective cohort study on helicopter emergency service patients

Objectives Prehospital critical care physicians regularly attend to patients with poor prognosis and may limit the advanced therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of poor prognosis given by prehospital critical care clinicians.Design Cohort study.Setting We performed a retrospective cohort study using the national helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) quality database.Participants Patients classified by the HEMS clinician to have survived until hospital admission solely because of prehospital interventions but evaluated as having no long-term survival by prehospital clinician, were included.Primary and secondary outcome The survival of the study patients was examined at 30 days, 1 year and 3 years.Results Of 36 715 patients encountered by the HEMS during the study period, 2053 patients were classified as having no long-term survival and included. At 30 days, 713 (35%, 95% CI 33% to 37%) were still alive and 69 were lost to follow-up. Furthermore, at 1 year 524 (26%) and at 3 years 267 (13%) of the patients were still alive. The deceased patients received more often prehospital rapid sequence intubation and vasoactives, compared with patients alive at 30 days. Patients deceased at 30 days were older and had lower initial Glasgow Coma Scores. Otherwise, no clinically relevant difference was found in the prehospital vital parameters between the survivors and non-survivors.Conclusions The prognostication of long-term survival for critically ill patients by a prehospital critical care clinician seems to fulfil only moderately. A prognosis based on clinical judgement must be handled with a great degree of caution and decision on limitation of advanced care should be made cautiously.</p

TOTEM Physics

This article discusses the physics programme of the TOTEM experiment at the LHC. A new special beam optics with beta* = 90 m, enabling the measurements of the total cross-section, elastic pp scattering and diffractive phenomena already at early LHC runs, is explained. For this and the various other TOTEM running scenarios, the acceptances of the leading proton detectors and of the forward tracking stations for some physics processes are described.Peer reviewe