Pakotettu muutto ja ontologisen turvallisuuden rakentuminen

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Suunnitelma liikennebiokaasun tuotannon ja käytön edistämiseksi Turun, Salon ja Kymenlaakson seuduilla

W-Fuel-hankkeen tavoitteena oli edistää biokaasuntuotantoa ja biometaanin liikennekäyttöä. Hankkeessa laadittiin neljälle kohdealueelle Suomessa ja kahdelle Virossa suunnitelmat vuodelle 2020 biojätteen määrän vähentämiseksi, biokaasuntuotannon edistämiseksi ja biometaanin liikennekäytön edistämiseksi. Hankkeen tulosten mukaan ruokajätteen vähentäminen 30 % vuoden 2009 tasosta vuoteen 2020 mennessä vähentäisi Turun, Salon ja Kymenlaakson seuduilla kasvihuonekaasupäästöjä yhteensä yli 100 000 tonnia hiilidioksidiekvivalentteina ilmaistuna (CO2-ekv) ja säästäisi jätteentuottajien rahaa noin 230 /asukas vuonna 2020. Tulokset osoittavat, että jätteen synnyn ehkäisy hillitsee ilmastonmuutosta ja on myös taloudellisesti kannattavaa. Turun, Salon ja Kymenlaakson alueilla biomassasta voitaisiin tuottaa yhteensä noin 2,8 TWh biokaasuenergiaa. Tämä vastaa noin 250 000 henkilöauton vuosikulutusta. Paikkatietojärjestelmän perusteella tehdyn biomassojen paikannuksen ja laitoskoon optimoinnin perusteella alueille voitaisiin rakentaa lähes 50 biokaasulaitosta, joiden kapasiteetti on 2,1 8,4 MW. Laitokset voisivat tuottaa energiaa noin 1,9 TWh, joka vastaa lähes 40 % alueiden henkilöautoliikenteen kulutuksesta. Toteuttamalla kaikki suunnitellut biokaasulaitokset ja tuottamalla niistä liikenteen polttoainetta voidaan kasvihuonekaasupäästöjä vähentää Turun, Salon ja Kymenlaakson seuduilla noin 430 000 tonnia CO2-ekv. Sama määrä kasvihuonekaasupäästöjä vähennettäisiin poistamalla noin 100 000 fossiilista polttoainetta käyttävää henkilöautoa liikenteestä. Tulokset osoittavat myös, että biometaanin tuotanto jätemateriaaleista on taloudellisesti kannattavaa, ja joissain tapauksissa biometaanin tuotanto voidaan kattaa raaka-aineesta saatavilla porttimaksuilla. Suurin biokaasun tuotantopotentiaali on maatalouden biomassoilla. Hankkeen tulosten mukaan maatalousmateriaaleista tuotetun biometaanin tuotantokustannus on alle 96 /MWhth. Se tarkoittaa, että biometaanin tuotanto maatalousmassoista on kannattavaa, jos kaasuautoilu alkaa yleistyä ja biometaanille on tarpeeksi kysyntää. Biometaanin tuotanto lisäisi myös alueen työllisyyttä.The main objective of the project was to promote biogas production and its use as transport fuel. The aims in the four Finnish and two Estonian case areas were to reduce the amount and improve the sustainable use of waste and sludge, to promote biogas production, to start biogas use as transport fuel and to provide tools for implementing the aims. The results of this study show that achieving the food waste prevention target (-30% from the 2009 biowaste amount) will decrease greenhouse gas emissions by 100 000 CO2-eq tons and result in monetary savings for the waste generators amounting to almost 230 /capita on average in Turku, Salo and Kymenlaakso case regions in 2020. The results show that waste prevention should be the first priority in waste management and the use of waste materials as feedstock for energy production the second priority. In total 2.8 TWh energy could be produced from available biomass in the Turku, Salo and Kymenlaakso regions. This corresponds to the fuel consumption of about 250 000 passenger cars. When a Geographical Information System (GIS) was used to identify suitable biogas plant site locations with particular respect to the spatial distribution of available biomass, it was found that a total of almost 50 biogas plants with capacity varying from 2.1 to 8.4 MW could be built in the case regions. This corresponds to 1.9 TWh energy and covers almost 40% of the passenger car fuel consumption in these regions. Using all produced biogas (2.2 TWh energy) for transport fuel GHG emissions would lead to a 450 000 t CO2-eq reduction. The same effect on emissions would be gained if more than 100 000 passenger cars were to be taken off the roads. On average, the energy consumed by biogas plants represents approximately 20% of the produced energy. The results also show that biomethane production from waste materials is profitable. In some cases the biomethane production costs can be covered with the gained gate fees. The cost of biomethane production from agricultural materials is less than 96 /MWhth, meaning that biomethane production from agricultural materials is profitable after the biomethane demand has become established. It is also notable that if the trend in biomethane consumption follows a 10% growth path, employment could increase.vokMTT, Viestintä- ja informaatiopalvelutKV

From Waste to Traffic Fuel (W-Fuel)

The EU directive on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (Directive 2009/28/EC) sets a mandatory minimum target for the use of fuels produced using renewable energy sources of 10% of total petrol and diesel consumption in the transport sector by the year 2020. In addition, it states that production of renewable fuels should be consistent with sustainable development and must not endanger biodiversity. In the INTERREG IVA Southern Finland - Estonia Sub-programme, efforts towards finding solutions to the tasks set by the EU were undertaken in co-operation with Finnish and Estonian researchers. The purpose of the From Waste to Traffic Fuel (W-Fuel) project was to promote the sustainable production and use of biogas using locally-sourced biodegradable waste materials from the food and beverage industry and the agricultural and municipal sectors. The ultimate aim of the project was to upgrade the biogas (produced based on anaerobic digestion of biodegradable wastes, sludge, manure, slurry and energy crops) to biomethane with a methane content similar to natural gas, to be further used as transport fuel with the aim of reducing traffic-borne emissions, in particular CO2. The project combined waste, energy and traffic solutions in order to decrease emissions, costs and the use of materials. Six case areas in southern Finland and northern Estonia were selected. The two case areas in Estonia were the counties of Harju and Lääne-Viru in northern Estonia. The project aimed to promote waste and sludge prevention and to commence biogas production and its subsequent upgrading to biomethane for use as a renewable fuel. The project promoted regional businesses and employment in waste treatment and green energy production. On basis of the gathered data, the biogas potentials and prerequisites of each case county were analysed. Furthermore, the environmental, economic and other regional effects of the different options were compared. By developing research-based feasibility plans, the project partners provided solutions for public and private companies, local governments and research institutes. The project was implemented in close co-operation with municipal waste and sewage companies as well as stakeholders in industry and the agricultural and transport sectors. This report presents the project results for Estonia.vokMTT Viestintä- ja informaatioryhm

From Waste to Traffic Fuel -projects Final report

The main objective of the project was to promote biogas production and its use as traffic fuel. The aims in the four Finnish and two Estonian case regions were to reduce the amount and improve the sustainable use of waste and sludge, to promote biogas production, to start biogas use as traffic fuel and to provide tools for implementing the aims. The results of this study show that achieving the food waste prevention target will decrease greenhouse gas emissions by 415 000 CO2-eq tons and result in monetary savings for the waste generators amounting to almost 300 / capita on average in all case regions in 2020. The results show that waste prevention should be the first priority in waste management and the use of waste materials as feedstock for energy production the second priority. In total 3 TWh energy could be produced from available biomass in the studied case regions. This corresponds to the fuel consumption of about 300 000 passenger cars. When a Geographical Information System (GIS) was used to identify suitable biogas plant site locations with particular respect to the spatial distribution of available biomass, it was found that a total of 50 biogas plants with capacity varying from 2.1 to 14.5 MW could be built in the case regions. This corresponds to 2.2 TWh energy and covers from 5 to 40% of the passenger car fuel consumption in these regions. Using all produced biogas (2.2 TWh energy) for vehicle fuel GHG emissions would lead to a 450 000 t CO2-eq reduction. The same effect on emissions would be gained if more than 100 000 passenger cars were to be taken off the roads. On average, the energy consumed by biogas plants represents approximately 20% of the produced energy. The results also show that biomethane production from waste materials is profitable. In some cases the biomethane production costs can be covered with the gained gate fees. The cost of biomethane production from agricultural materials is less than 96 /MWhth, meaning that biomethane production from agricultural materials is profitable after the biomethane demand has become established. It is also notable that if the trend in biomethane consumption follows a 10% growth path, employment could increase from 84 to 178% depending on the studied case region.vokMTT, Viestintä- ja informaatiopalvelut. Yksikön huom.: KAT, KVIKV