Some instability puzzles in Kaleckian models of growth and distribution: A critical survey

We tackle the issue of the possible instability of the Kaleckian distribution and growth model and the consequences for the endogeneity of the equilibrium rate of capacity utilization and for the paradox of thrift and the paradox of costs. Distinguishing between Keynesian and Harrodian instability, we review various mechanisms that have been proposed to tame Harrodian instability while bringing back the rate of utilization to its normal rate. We find that the mechanisms that have been suggested are far from being convincing. We thus review some approaches arguing that the adjustment towards a predetermined normal rate should not be expected at all, either because the normal rate reacts to the actual rate, or because of other constraints on the behaviour of entrepreneurs. We conclude that Kaleckian models are more flexible than their Harrodian and Marxian critics suppose when attacking the simple textbook version.Kaleckian models, distribution, investment function, stability, utilization rate.

Molecular characterization of Salmonella Enteritidis : comparison of an optimized multi-locus variable-number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is a genetically homogenous serovar, which makes optimal subtype discrimination crucial for epidemiological research. This study describes the development and evaluation of an optimized multiple-locus variable number tandem-repeat assay (MLVA) for characterization of SE. The typeability and discriminatory power of this MLVA was determined on a selected collection of 60 SE isolates and compared with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using restriction enzymes XbaI, NotI, or SfiI. In addition, the estimated Wallace coefficient (W) was calculated to assess the congruence of the typing methods. Selection of epidemiologically unrelated isolates and more related isolates (originating from layer farms) was also based on the given phage type (PT). When targeting six loci, MLVA generated 16 profiles, while PFGE produced 10, 9, and 16 pulsotypes using XbaI, NotI, and SfiI, respectively, for the entire strain collection. For the epidemiologically unrelated isolates, MLVA had the highest discriminatory power and showed good discrimination between isolates from different layer farms and among isolates from the same layer farm. MLVA performed together with PT showed higher discriminatory power compared to PFGE using one restriction enzyme together with PT. Results showed that combining PT with the optimized MLVA presented here provides a rapid typing tool with good discriminatory power for characterizing SE isolates of various origins and isolates originating from the same layer farm

Introduction. Théâtre et philosophie : l’exemple du théâtre populaire viennois de Stranitzky à Nestroy

International audienc

Continuous mode of production for two classes of defective interfering influenza A virus particles as antiviral candidates

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major human pathogen with a high mutation rate that causes annual epidemics. Defective interfering particles (DIPs) are naturally occurring IAV mutants that are responsible for low influenza virus yields in continuous passaging. Due to that, previous research suggested that DIPs may be utilized as an antiviral agent [1]. In contrast to infectious influenza standard virus (STV), DIPs typically contain a large internal deletion in at least one of the eight genomic viral RNA (vRNA) segments. For such a DIP, named DI244, protection of ferrets against pandemic influenza A virus was shown [1]. Furthermore, we have recently reported on a novel type of IAV-derived DIP, called OP7 virus, which only contains nucleotide substitutions in segment 7 vRNA instead of large internal deletions [2]. Hence, the focus of this work was to evaluate cell-based production in continuous mode for both DI244 and the newly discovered OP7 DIP. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Xantusia Vigilis (Desert Night Lizard) and Sceloporus Magister (Desert Spiny Lizard). Predation and Diet.

Here, we report evidence of predation on Xantusia vigilis by Sceloporus magister. We collected a yearling female S. magister (71 mm SVL, mass = 13.6 g) on 24 July 1996, 5 km SE of Llano, Los Angeles County, California, USA (34°29\u27N, 117°46\u27W, elevation 1120 m). In the laboratory, on 29 July, the S. magister deposited a fecal pellet that contained part of a Xantusia vigilis body, including sections of dorsal and ventral integument and both hind limbs

Taming Detection Transformers for Medical Object Detection

The accurate detection of suspicious regions in medical images is an error-prone and time-consuming process required by many routinely performed diagnostic procedures. To support clinicians during this difficult task, several automated solutions were proposed relying on complex methods with many hyperparameters. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of DEtection TRansformer (DETR) models for volumetric medical object detection. In contrast to previous works, these models directly predict a set of objects without relying on the design of anchors or manual heuristics such as non-maximum-suppression to detect objects. We show by conducting extensive experiments with three models, namely DETR, Conditional DETR, and DINO DETR on four data sets (CADA, RibFrac, KiTS19, and LIDC) that these set prediction models can perform on par with or even better than currently existing methods. DINO DETR, the best-performing model in our experiments demonstrates this by outperforming a strong anchor-based one-stage detector, Retina U-Net, on three out of four data sets.Comment: BVM 2023 Oral. Marc K. Ickler and Michael Baumgartner contributed equall

Social Acceptance of Smoking Restrictions During 10 Years of Policy Implementation, Reversal, and Reenactment in the Netherlands:Findings From a National Population Survey

Introduction: Little is known about the extent to which smoking restrictions are socially accepted in a country such as the Netherlands where smoking restrictions have been implemented and reversed several times. The current study assessed trends as well as factors associated with two indicators of social acceptance of smoking restrictions in the Netherlands: acceptance of smoking in public places and implementation of home smoking bans. Methods: We used data from the Dutch Continuous Survey of Smoking Habits (DCSSH) between 2005 and 2014 (n = 182 826). The DCSSH is a national population survey with a cross-sectional design in which respondents aged 15 years and older are surveyed weekly. Results: Acceptance of smoking in public places decreased for six out of eight included venues, with the largest decrease for smoking in restaurants. The decrease in acceptance was larger among younger respondents and smokers. Smoking on terraces was an exception: decrease in acceptance there was larger among older respondents and ex-smokers. Implementation of home smoking bans increased over time. Having implemented a home smoking ban was associated with being male, being younger, having a high socioeconomic status, and being ex-or never smoker. Conclusions: Social acceptance of smoking restrictions has increased in the Netherlands, despite a suboptimal implementation process of smoking restrictions. However, there is still potential for improvement as acceptance of smoking is still quite high for some public venues like bars. It is important to strengthen smoking restrictions in order to further denormalize smoking in the Netherlands. Implications: We examined the extent to which smoking restrictions are socially accepted in the Netherlands where smoking restrictions have been implemented and reversed several times. Acceptance of smoking in public places decreased and implementation of home smoking bans increased between 2005 and 2014. Social acceptance of smoking restrictions increased in the Netherlands despite a suboptimal implementation process of smoking restrictions. However, acceptance of smoking in bars remains relatively high

Diel changes in bulk and single-cell bacterial heterotrophic activity in winter surface waters of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea

14 pages, 8 figures, 2 tablesTwo diel cycle studies were conducted to determine the effect of day–night light changes on winter bacterial activity in the coastal Mediterranean (Blanes Bay Microbial Observatory). Bacterial abundances, bacterial heterotrophic activity, and flagellate grazing counts were determined at 4-h intervals during two 3-d periods separated by 2 d. Twice a day, the single-cell activity of major bacterial groups was further analyzed by applying microautoradiography combined with catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization. During the first cycle, all the measured parameters (including the number of active cells in most groups) varied synchronously, with higher values at night and lower during the day. An episode of strong winds between the two studied periods disrupted this periodicity at the onset of the second cycle. The bulk incorporation of 3H-leucine recovered the diel pattern after 2 d, mostly driven by the activity of Gammaproteobacteria. Among the possibilities considered, the observed nighttime increases in the grazing activity of heterotrophic nanoflagellates appeared to partially drive the activity of all bacterial taxa through potential periodic release of dissolved organic matterThis work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN)through the projects ‘‘Fuentes de Materia Orgánica, Diversidad microbiana y funcionamiento (respiración y Uso del carbono) del ecosistema marino pelágico costero’’ (MODIVUS) (Ciencias y Tecnologías Marinas-CTM2005-04795/MAR) and ‘‘Surface Mixing Modulation of the Exposure to solar Radiation’’ (SUMMER) (Ciencias y Tecnologías Marinas-CTM2008-03309/MAR)Peer reviewe

Metal. Une culture de la transgression sonore

Marc Touché est sociologue au laboratoire Friedmann où il travaille pour le MuCEM(Musée des Civilistions Europe Méditerranée – ex. Musée National des Arts et Traditions Populaires). Il y est responsable de la collection « musiques amplifiées » (département de la musique). Il est aussi investi dans le musée des musiques populaires de Montluçon. Avant d’entamer courant 1994, des missions de collecte muséographique dans une optique patrimoniale, il avait effectué de nombreux travaux de terrain, dont une enquête fondatrice sur les conditions de répétition des groupes à la fin des années 1980. Cette dernière l’avait amené à proposer la notion de « musiques amplifiées » pour qualifier un ensemble de pratiques peu considérées et peu étudiées à l’époque (Touché, 1994). Par son travail, on savait que Marc Touché avait croisé les cultures metal lors de ses enquêtes mais aussi en tant que musicien au début des années 1970, c’est pourquoi nous avons estimé intéressant de lui laisser la parole dans le cadre du dossier de V©lume ! consacré au metal. Dans le temps qu’il nous a accordé, Marc Touché nous a principalement parlé, avec jubilation, de sa rencontre avec les sons amplifiés, en tant qu’auditeur mais aussi en tant que musicien (il est bassiste) au tournant des années 1970. Ses expériences musicales l’ont peut-être conduit à privilégier une sociologie technique des musiques populaires basée entre autres sur la puissance sonore, du hard rock et du heavy metal. Centrant très largement ses propos sur le son (texture, intensité, subversion, dangerosité, pratique collective…), Marc Touché a également évoqué d’autres éléments culturels liés à l’émergence du hard rock en France (disques, looks, concerts de Deep Purple ou de Black Sabbath…) avant de faire en quelque sorte le lien avec les pratiques plus confidentielles des musiciens de metal extrême (thrash, death, speed, grind…) qu’il a fréquentés et interrogés au début des années 1990. Dans le cadre des propos reproduits ci-dessous, nous avons préféré conserver le style oral, spontané et incarné du chercheur afin de retranscrire l’émulation d’une rencontre singulière