Vzpostavitev socialnega svetovalnega dela v avstrijskih solah - od projekta do redne ponudbe

The contribution introduces the present situation and the basic challenges of school social work in Austria. Starting with the perception of a developing “knowledge society” (Höhne, 2004), school is seen as a life place at which social subjects and problems occur and are made manifest. The analyses are based in particular on empirical studies by the University of Klagenfurt (Sting & Leitner, 2011) and the University of Graz (Gspurning, Heimgartner, Pieber, & Sing, 2011), which were carried out in school social work facilities of Carinthia and Styria, but they also include Austrian-wide research projects. A methodical view is presented along the main target groups “pupils”, “teachers” and “parents”, and the basic orientations are discussed. The thematic analysis characterizes school social work as a multi-thematic service (e.g., conflicts, love, problems at school, problems of the family) that needs to oppose the reduction to single problem areas such as drug abuse or violence. The structural analyses render visible the meaning of spatial conditions, personnel competence and the social-spatial network. Finally, the possibilities of a lasting implementation of empirical research in school social work are discussed. (DIPF/Orig.

Hetero-Diels–Alder reactions of hetaryl and aryl thioketones with acetylenic dienophiles

Selected hetaryl and aryl thioketones react with acetylenecarboxylates under thermal conditions in the presence of LiClO4 or, alternatively, under high-pressure conditions (5 kbar) at room temperature yielding thiopyran derivatives. The hetero-Diels–Alder reaction occurs in a chemo- and regioselective manner. The initially formed [4 + 2] cycloadducts rearrange via a 1,3-hydrogen shift sequence to give the final products. The latter were smoothly oxidized by treatment with mCPBA to the corresponding sulfones.The authors thank the National Science Center (Cracow, Poland) for generous financial support (Grant Maestro-3 (Dec- 2012/06/A/ST5/00219). Skilful performance of microanalyses by Ms Hanna Jatczak and Ms Agnieszka Cieślińska (University of Łódź) is gratefully acknowledge

Sind auch Bioprodukte GVO-verunreinigt?

Die Anwendung von GVOs ist für die Bioproduzenten verboten. Geringe Verunreinigungen mit unerwünschten Stoffen sind trotz weitgehenden und aufwändigen Qualitätssicherungsmassnahmen möglich. Eine FiBL-Arbeitsgruppe arbeitet an Methoden, mit denen diese Verunreinigungen vermieden werden sollen

Standards für die Produktion mit und ohne Agro-Gentechnik

Öko-Lebensmittel werden ohne Einsatz von Gentechnik hergestellt. Wie lässt sich gewährleisten, dass keine GVO in den Erzeugungs- und Verarbeitungsprozess gelangen? In der Schweiz wurden hierzu Vorschläge erarbeitet

Regio- and stereoselectivity in the Lewis acid- and NaH-induced reactions of thiocamphor with (R)-2-vinyloxirane

The reaction of the enolizable thioketone (1R,4R)-thiocamphor (=(1R,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-thione; 1) with (R)-2-vinyloxirane (2) in the presence of a Lewis acid such as SnCl4 or SiO2 in anhydrous CH2Cl2 gave the spirocyclic 1,3-oxathiolane 3 with the vinyl group at C(4’), as well as the isomeric enesulfanyl alcohol 4. In the case of SnCl4, an allylic alcohol 5 was obtained in low yield in addition to 3 and 4 (Scheme 2). Repetition of the reaction in the presence of ZnCl2 yielded two diastereoisomeric 4-vinyl-1,3-oxathiolanes 3 and 7 together with an alcohol 4, and a ‘1 :2 adduct’ 8 (Scheme 3). The reaction of 1 and 2 in the presence of NaH afforded regioselectively two enesulfanyl alcohols 4 and 9, which, in CDCl3 , cyclized smoothly to give the corresponding spirocyclic 1,3-oxathiolanes 3, 10, and 11, respectively (Scheme 4). In the presence of HCl, epimerization of 3 and 10 occurred to yield the corresponding epimers 7 and 11, respectively (Scheme 5). The thio-Claisen rearrangement of 4 in boiling mesitylene led to the allylic alcohol 12, and the analogous [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of the intermediate xanthate 13, which was formed by treatment of the allylic alcohol 9 with CS2 and MeI under basic conditions, occurred already at room temperature to give the dithiocarbonate 14 (Schemes 6 and 7). The presented results show that the Lewis acid-catalyzed as well as the NaH-induced addition of (R)-vinyloxirane (2) to the enolizable thiocamphor (1) proceeds stereoselectively via an SN2-type mechanism, but with different regioselectivity

Synthesis of Fluorinated and Fluoroalkylated Heterocycles Containing at Least One Sulfur Atom via Cycloaddition Reactions

Fluorinated heterocycles constitute an important group of organic compounds with a rap- idly growing number of applications in such areas as medicinal chemistry, agrochemicals produc- tion, polymer chemistry, as well as chemistry of advanced materials. In the latter case, fluorinated thiophenes are considered as a lead class of compounds with numerous spectacular applications. On the other hand, cycloaddition reactions offer a superior methodology for stereo-chemically con- trolled synthesis of heterocycles with a diverse ring size and a variable number of heteroatoms. A comprehensive review of methods based on cycloaddition reactions and applied for construction of fluorinated and/or fluoroalkylated S-heterocycles has not yet been published. For this reason, the main goal of the presented review was to fill the existing gap and to summarize the results pub- lished over last six decades. In this context, the [3+2]- and [4+2]-cycloadditions (Huisgen reactions, and Diels–Alder reactions, respectively) are of special importance. Some questions related to the discussed mechanisms of cycloaddition processes observed in reactions with electron deficient, fluorinated substrates (dipolarophiles and dienophiles), and electron-rich sulfur containing counter partners, are of fundamental importance for the development of interpretations of organic reaction mechanisms