Oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products and residual renal function in the rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction: effects of phlogenzym and losartan

Aim. Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of ureteral obstruction. Methods. We studied parameters of oxidative status, levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and contralateral (CL) kidney function in the rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The effect of Phlogenzym (12 mg/day orally); losartan (20 mg/l in drinking water), and their combination was studied. Results. In placebo-administered UUO rats AGEs and malondialdehyde levels were higher than in the sham operated controls. Function of the CL kidney was slightly impaired, its collagen content and protein/deoxyribonucleic acid ratio (P/DNA) in the glomeruli increased. All treatments prevented the rise in collagen content, P/DNA ratio, and improved CL kidney function. Phlogenzym ameliorated lipid peroxidation and AGE levels. Conclusions. In the model of UUO systemically increased oxidative stress may play a role in development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis and in the functional impairment of the CL kidney. Suppression of the oxidative stress and blockade of angiotensin-1 receptors might mitigate the progression of obstructive uropathy.Оксидативний стрес відіграє значну роль у патогенезі обструкції сечоводу. Мета роботи полягала у вивченні параметрів оксидативного статусу, оцінюванні рівня кінцевих продуктів глікації і функціонування контралатеральної нирки на моделі щурів з унілатеральною обструкцією сечоводу (УОС). Методи. На моделі УОС досліджували ефекти флогензиму (12 мг в день орально) і лосартану (20 мг/л у питній воді), а також їхньої комбінації. Результати. У щурів з УОС, які отримували плацебо, рівень накопичення кінцевих продуктів глікації та малондіальдегіду виявився вищим, ніж у несправжньооперованих контрольних щурів. Функціонування контралатеральної нирки незначно погіршилося, концентрація колагену і співвідношення вмісту білок/дезоксирибонуклеїнова кислота (P/ DNA) у клубочку нирки підвищені. Обробка досліджуваними лікарськими засобами запобігала збільшенню вмісту колагену, зростанню показника співвідношення P/DNA та покращувала функціонування колатеральної нирки. Флогензим сприяв підвищенню рівня перекисного окиснення ліпідів та кінцевих продуктів глікації. Висновки. У моделі УОС систематичне збільшення оксидативного стресу може відігравати важливу роль у розвитку тубулоінтерстиційного фіброзу і порушенні функціонування контралатеральної нирки. Супресія оксидативного стресу та блокування рецептора ангіотензину-1 можуть послаблювати прогресію обструктивної уропатії.Оксидативный стресс играет значительную роль в патогенезе обструкции мочеточника. Цель работы состояла в изучении параметров оксидативного статуса, оценке уровня конечных продуктов гликации и функционирования контралатеральной почки на модели крыс с унилатеральной обструкцией мочеточника (УОМ). Методи. На модели УОМ исследовали эффекты флогензима (12 мг в день орально) и лосартана (20 мг/л в питьевой воде), а также их комбинации. Результаты. У крыс с УОМ, получавших плацебо, уровень конечных продуктов гликации и малондиальдегида оказался выше, чем у ложноооперованных контрольных крыс. Функционирование контралатеральной почки незначительно ухудшилось, концентрация коллагена и соотношение содержания белок/дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота (P/DNA) в клубочке почки повысились. Обработка исследуемыми лекарственными средставами предотвращала увеличение содержания коллагена, показателя соотношения P/DNA и улучшала функционирование колатеральной почки. Флогензим способствовал возрастанию уровня перекисного окисления липидов и конечных продуктов гликации. Выводы. В модели УОМ систематическое увеличение оксидативного стресса может быть причиной развития тубулоинтерстиционного фиброза и нарушения функционирования контралатеральной почки. Супрессия оксидативного стресса и блокирование рецептора ангиотензина-1 можгут ослаблять прогрессию обструктивной уропатии

Improvement of renal oxidative stress markers after ozone administration in diabetic nephropathy in rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Several complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) e.g. nephropathy (DN) have been linked to oxidative stress. Ozone, by means of oxidative preconditioning, may exert its protective effects on DN.</p> <p>Aim</p> <p>The aim of the present work is to study the possible role of ozone therapy in ameliorating oxidative stress and inducing renal antioxidant defence in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Six groups (n = 10) of male Sprague Dawley rats were used as follows: Group C: Control group. Group O: Ozone group, in which animals received ozone intraperitoneally (i.p.) (1.1 mg/kg). Group D: Diabetic group, in which DM was induced by single i.p. injections of streptozotocin (STZ). Group DI: Similar to group D but animals also received subcutaneous (SC) insulin (0.75 IU/100 gm BW.). Group DO: In which diabetic rats received the same dose of ozone, 48 h after induction of diabetes. Group DIO, in which diabetic rats received the same doses of insulin and ozone, respectively. All animals received daily treatment for six weeks. At the end of the study period (6 weeks), blood pressure, blood glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA_1c), serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), kidney tissue levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxide (GPx), aldose reductase (AR) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were measured.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Induction of DM in rats significantly elevated blood pressure, HbA_1c, BUN, creatinine and renal tissue levels of MDA and AR while significantly reducing SOD, CAT and GPx activities. Either Insulin or ozone therapy significantly reversed the effects of DM on all parameters; in combination (DIO group), they caused significant improvements in all parameters in comparison to each alone.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Ozone administration in conjunction with insulin in DM rats reduces oxidative stress markers and improves renal antioxidant enzyme activity which highlights its potential uses in the regimen for treatment of diabetic patients.</p

The prevalence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD): A meta-analysis of European literature and prevalence evaluation in the Italian province of Modena suggest that ADPKD is a rare and underdiagnosed condition

ADPKD is erroneously perceived as a not rare condition, which is mainly due to the repeated citation of a mistaken interpretation of old epidemiological data, as reported in the Dalgaard's work (1957). Even if ADPKD is not a common condition, the correct prevalence of ADPKD in the general population is uncertain, with a wide range of estimations reported by different authors. In this work, we have performed a meta-analysis of available epidemiological data in the European literature. Furthermore we collected the diagnosis and clinical data of ADPKD in a province in the north of Italy (Modena). We describe the point and predicted prevalence of ADPKD, as well as the main clinical characteristics of ADPKD in this region

Mechanisms and clinical significance of cell volume regulation

A wide variety of factors challenge constancy of cell volume. Alterations of cell volume activate diverse cell volume regulatory mechanisms including ion transport, osmolyte accumulation, metabolism and expression of appropriate genes. A wealth of cellular signalling pathways link cell volume to the respective regulatory mechanisms. Cell volume emerges as a pathophysiologically important parameter in several diseases including diabetes mellitus, uraemia, hepatic insufficiency and hypercatabolic states. The role of altered cell volume in disease is a challenge which requires more experimental research and clinical investigation

Inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease—potential therapeutic role of minerals, vitamins and plant-derived metabolites

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a debilitating pathology with various causal factors, culminating in end stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation. The progression of CKD is closely associated with systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, which are responsible for the manifestation of numerous complications such as malnutrition, atherosclerosis, coronary artery calcification, heart failure, anemia and mineral and bone disorders, as well as enhanced cardiovascular mortality. In addition to conventional therapy with antiinflammatory and antioxidative agents, growing evidence has indicated that certain minerals, vitamins and plant-derived metabolites exhibit beneficial effects in these disturbances. In the current work, we review the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of various agents which could be of potential benefit in CKD/ESRD. However, the related studies were limited due to small sample sizes and short-term follow‐up in many trials. Therefore, studies of several anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant agents with long-term follow-ups are necessary