144 research outputs found
Quantification of lignin oxidation products as vegetation biomarkers in speleothems and cave drip water
Discourse on disability: Main dichotomous dimensions
Nuestra posición es el discurso social sobre la discapacidad, el cual considera que la discapacidad se da por la interrelación de una condición de salud y las barreras del entorno, las cuales son fÃsicas, actitudinales y culturales. Asimismo, entendemos discurso como una forma de dar sentido a los fenómenos de la realidad y que puede guiar nuestros actos. Desde este enfoque, el estudio del discurso sobre la discapacidad puede explicar la forma de actuar de la sociedad respecto a la misma. Se analizan las principales dimensiones dicotómicas del discurso sobre la discapacidad en Actas del Plenario de la Asamblea Legislativa de Costa Rica en que se discute la aprobación de la CIDPCD, grupos de discusión con padres de niños con discapacidad e historias de vida de personas con discapacidad. Los resultados muestran una inestabilidad discursiva, porque enuncian construcciones de diferentes discursos sobre la discapacidad, lo que dificulta la inclusión social de esta población.Neste artigo, abordamos um discurso social sobre a deficiência, que considera que a deficiência se
deve à inter-relação entre uma condição de saúde e barreiras ambientais, que são fÃsicas, atitudinais
e culturais. Entendemos o discurso como um modo de conferir significado aos fenômenos da realidade e que pode guiar nossas ações. Nessa perspectiva, o estudo desse discurso pode explicar modos
de ação da sociedade em relação à deficiência. As principais dimensões dicotômicas do discurso
sobre a deficiência são analisadas na Ata Plenária da Assembléia Legislativa da Costa Rica, na qual
são discutidas a aprovação da CIDPCD, grupos de discussão com pais de crianças com deficiência
e histórias de vida de pessoas com deficiência. Os resultados mostram uma instabilidade discursiva,
pois enunciam construções de diferentes discursos sobre a deficiência, o que dificulta a inclusão
social dessa população.UCR::VicerrectorÃa de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Artes y Letras::Instituto de Investigaciones LingüÃsticas (INIL
El realce: una propuesta para su conceptualización e identificación
The elements highlighted in the texts have been approached from different theoretical perspectives within linguistics. In this article, after a critical review of different concepts that attempt to apprehend this phenomenon, we propose a new way to conceptualize and analyze (identify) the emphasis (realce). This is done from a perspective that considers: first, issuers are not conscious of all the linguistic and semiotic elements enunciated, secondly, not all linguistic and semiotic resource is associated with an individual(s) effect(s), and, thirdly, textual linguistic concepts should be applicable in multimodal texts and not exclusively on the verbal dimension. Finally, it emphasizes the need for further study to better delineate enhancement concept and make it more practical.Los elementos destacados en los textos se han abordado desde distintas perspectivas teóricas dentro de la lingüÃstica. En este artÃculo, luego de hacer una revisión crÃtica de diferentes conceptos que intentan aprehender este fenómeno, se propone una nueva forma de conceptualizar y analizar (identificar) el realce. Esto se efectúa desde una perspectiva que considera que: en primer lugar, los emisores no son conscientes de todos los elementos lingüÃsticos y semióticos que enuncian; en segundo lugar, no todo recurso lingüÃstico y semiótico se asocia con un(os) efecto(s) particular(es); y, en tercer lugar, los conceptos lingüÃsticos textuales deben poderse aplicar en textos multimodales y no exclusivamente en lo verbal. Finalmente, se señala la necesidad de profundizar en el estudio del realce para delimitar mejor el concepto y hacerlo más práctico
Exclusion, discrimination and disability: discourse about disability in the plenary session of the Costa Rican Legislative Assembly
En el presente artÃculo se busca analizar el discurso sobre la discapacidad que se manifiesta en Actas de Sesiones del Plenario de la Asamblea Legislativa de Costa Rica, con el fin de identificar aquellos componentes que puedan resultar excluyentes y discriminatorios para las personas con discapacidad. Se aplican fundamentos teóricos y categorÃas metodológicas del análisis crÃtico del discurso. Los resultados evidencian construcciones discriminatorias y menospreciativas hacia las personas con discapacidad por parte de diputados y diputadas.The objective of this article is to analyze the discourse of disability that is expressed in the Plenary Session of the Costa Rican Legislative Assembly, in order to identify those components that may be exclusionary and discriminatory for people with disabilities. Theoretical foundations and methodological categories of critical discourse analysis have been applied. The results show discriminatory and disparaging constructions towards
people with disabilities by Legislative Assembly members.UCR::VicerrectorÃa de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Artes y Letras::Instituto de Investigaciones LingüÃsticas (INIL)UCR::VicerrectorÃa de Docencia::Artes y Letras::Facultad de Letras::Escuela de FilologÃa, LingüÃstica y Literatur
El discurso sobre la discapacidad: principales dimensiones dicotómicas
In this work our position is the social discourse on disability, which considers that disability is due to the interrelation of a health condition and the environmental barriers, which are physical, attitudinal and cultural. Likewise, we understand discourse as a way of giving meaning to the phenomena of reality, which can guide our actions. From this perspective, the study of the discourse on disability can explain the way society acts in relation to it. The main dichotomous dimensions of the discourse on disability are analyzed in Plenary Minutes of the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica, in which the approval of the CRPD, discussion groups with parents of children with disabilities, and narrative interviews of people with disabilities are discussed. The results show a discursive instability, because they state constructions of different discourses on disability, which makes social inclusion of this population difficult.Nuestra posición es el discurso social sobre la discapacidad, el cual considera que la discapacidad se da por la interrelación de una condición de salud y las barreras del entorno, las cuales son fÃsicas, actitudinales y culturales. Asimismo, entendemos discurso como una forma de dar sentido a los fenómenos de la realidad y que puede guiar nuestros actos. Desde este enfoque, el estudio del discurso sobre la discapacidad puede explicar la forma de actuar de la sociedad respecto a la misma. Se analizan las principales dimensiones dicotómicas del discurso sobre la discapacidad en Actas del Plenario de la Asamblea Legislativa de Costa Rica en que se discute la aprobación de la CIDPCD, grupos de discusión con padres de niños con discapacidad e historias de vida de personas con discapacidad. Los resultados muestran una inestabilidad discursiva, porque enuncian construcciones de diferentes discursos sobre la discapacidad, lo que dificulta la inclusión social de esta población.Neste artigo, abordamos um discurso social sobre a deficiência, que considera que a deficiência se deve àinter-relação entre uma condição de saúde e barreiras ambientais, que são fÃsicas, atitudinais e culturais. Entendemos o discurso como um modo de conferir significado aos fenômenos da realidade e que pode guiar nossas ações. Nessa perspectiva, o estudo desse discurso pode explicar modos de ação da sociedade em relação àdeficiência. As principais dimensões dicotômicas do discurso sobre a deficiência são analisadas na Ata Plenária da Assembléia Legislativa da Costa Rica, na qual são discutidas a aprovação da CIDPCD, grupos de discussão com pais de crianças com deficiência e histórias de vida de pessoas com deficiência. Os resultados mostram uma instabilidade discursiva, pois enunciam construções de diferentes discursos sobre a deficiência, o que dificulta a inclusão social dessa população
El discurso sobre la discapacidad: exclusión y auto-exclusión desde las familias de personas con discapacidad
Pese a que las personas con discapacidad corresponden a casi el 15% de la población mundial y
sufren la exclusión social, las investigaciones sobre el discurso sobre la discapacidad son
excepcionales. En el presente texto se presentan los resultados de una investigación en la que se
realizaron grupos de discusión con madres de niños con y sin discapacidad. Desde una perspectiva
crÃtica, se observó la recurrencia de construcciones sobre las personas con discapacidad que
reproducen valoraciones negativas, menospreciativas, la dependencia y la condición de salud como el
elemento distinto. Este discurso dificulta la inclusión social de esta población.Although people with disabilities account for almost 15% of the world's population and suffer from
social exclusion, research on discourse of disability is scarce. This text presents the results of a focus
group research with mothers of children with and without disabilities. From a critical perspective, we
observed recurrence in constructions about people with disabilities that reproduce negative
evaluations, dependence, and health condition as distinctive elements. Such discourse hinders social
inclusion of this populationUniversidad de Costa Rica/[]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::VicerrectorÃa de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Artes y Letras::Instituto de Investigaciones LingüÃsticas (INIL
El discurso alarmista en la televisión en Costa Rica: el discurso sobre la criminalidad en los textos informativos.
According to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for the year 2005 among Costa Rican population there was a disproportionate perception of their chances of becoming victims of certain crimes, mainly against life. In addition, the results of a survey of 2, 270 people who claimed to watch news about crime, showed that 78.3% believed that Costa Rica is poco seguro (not very safe) or nada seguro (not safe at all). This leads to the conclusion that television and the manner in which criminal activity is presented plays a fundamental role in generating the sense of insecurity in the country. These findings led us to conduct a discourse analysis on crime in Costa Rican television news. The aim of our study was to analyze the discourse on crime and see if its composition may favor the generation of fear in viewers. In order to carry out this analysis, we built a theoretical constructivist basis (Neuroscience and Cognitive Science), which was the base for a new definition of the concept of discourse as a knowledge system, which, in turn, determined the method of analysis, a critical discourse analysis. From our constructivist (social) approach, the textual analysis turns out to be a very fine and very complex one. For that reason our corpus is composed of six television news pieces about crime from the most viewed TV channels in Costa Rica (Noticias Repretel and Telenoticias). These television news shows were transcribed in detail, for which we build a transcription system that allowed us to approach the texts as a whole unit. The main categories of analysis are propositions, implications, themes, actors, realce (similar to emphasis) and quotations. Among the most important findings we have that: a) The most widely watched television news in Costa Rica meet the criteria of sensationalism; b) The structure of television news is not characterized by narrative sequencies, because we found an argumentative or explanatory structure; c) The media present themselves as experts and judges, a strategy of self-legitimation; d) The discourse on crime presented in television news has enough features to (potentially) produce fear in society; and e) the discourse on crime can crack the foundations of society, so we can all be potential victimaries
Semiotics resources in advertisements on disabilities in the Costa Rican print media
La investigación presenta el resultado del análisis multimodal de 68 anuncios publicitarios sobre discapacidad que fueron publicados durante el perÃodo 2014-2016 en los tres periódicos de mayor difusión en Costa Rica (La Nación, Diario Extra y La Teja). Se recolectaron los anuncios, se catalogaron y se empleó la metodologÃa de Kress y Van Leeuwen (2001, 2002, 2006) para determinar los modos que se interrelacionan en la construcción de discursos sobre discapacidad. Se establecen los recursos semióticos que se emplean en los anuncios analizados para la caracterización de las personas con discapacidad (PCD). Se concluye que los anuncios crean los significados mediante la interrelación semiótica, es decir, mediante la multimodalidad y para su comprensión total deben valorarse los recursos lingüÃsticos y paralingüÃsticos que componen los anuncios. Además, tras el análisis se determina que los anuncios promueven todavÃa un discurso discriminatorio que se evidencia en la discrepancia del componente icónico del anuncio y del lingüÃstico, ya que en el primero se le da protagonismo parcialmente a las PCD, mientras que la lingüÃstica demuestra que el protagonismo lo tienen los anunciantes y que las PCD quedan relegadas a roles secundarios.This research shows the results of the multimodal analysis of 68 advertisements on disability published from 2014 to 2016 in the three newspapers of largest circulation in Costa Rica (La Nación, Diario Extra and La Teja). The advertisements were collected, catalogued and analyzed using the theory of multimodality by Kress and Van Leuwen (2001, 2002, 2006) to determine how semiotic modes question the construction of discourses on disability. The semiotic resources used in the ads are established to determine the characterization of people with disabilities. The study concludes that the advertisements create meaning through semiotic interrelation, that is, through multimodality, and the linguistic and paralinguistic resources that compose the advertisements must be valued for them to be fully understood. Furthermore, after the analysis, the study determines that the advertisements continue to promote a discriminatory discourse evidenced by the discrepancy between the iconic component of the advertisement and the linguistic one, since the former gives prominence to the PwD, but the linguistic component shows that advertisers play a predominant role and PwD are relegated to secondary roles.UCR::VicerrectorÃa de Docencia::Artes y Letras::Facultad de Letras::Escuela de FilologÃa, LingüÃstica y LiteraturaUCR::VicerrectorÃa de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Artes y Letras::Instituto de Investigaciones LingüÃsticas (INIL
Quantification of lignin oxidation products as vegetation biomarkers in speleothems and cave drip water
Here we present a sensitive method to analyze lignin oxidation products
(LOPs) in speleothems and cave drip water to provide a new tool for
paleo-vegetation reconstruction. Speleothems are valuable climate archives.
However, compared to other terrestrial climate archives, such as lake
sediments, speleothems contain very little organic matter. Therefore, very
few studies on organic biomarkers in speleothems are available. Our new
sensitive method allows us to use LOPs as vegetation biomarkers in speleothems.Our method consists of acid digestion of the speleothem sample followed by
solid-phase extraction (SPE) of the organic matter. The extracted polymeric
lignin is degraded in a microwave-assisted alkaline CuO oxidation step to
yield monomeric LOPs. The LOPs are extracted via SPE and finally analyzed via
ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to electrospray
ionization (ESI) and high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HRMS). The
method was applied to stalagmite samples with a sample size of 3–5 g and
cave drip water samples with a sample size of 100–200 mL from the
Herbstlabyrinth-Advent Cave in Germany. In addition, fresh plant samples,
soil water, and powdered lignin samples were analyzed for comparison. The
concentration of the sum of eight LOPs (Σ8) was in the range of
20–84 ng g−1 for the stalagmite samples and
230–440 ng L−1 for the cave drip water samples. The limits of
quantification for the individual LOPs ranged from 0.3–8.2 ng per
sample or 1.5–41.0 ng mL−1 of the final sample solution.Our method represents a new and powerful analytical tool for paleo-vegetation
studies and has great potential to identify the pathways of lignin
incorporation into speleothems.</p
Una propuesta de análisis textual a partir de los postulados del Análisis CrÃtico del Discurso
En este trabajo se presenta el modelo de análisis textual provisto por el análisis crÃtico del discurso (ACD). Se discuten sus principios teóricos y metodológicos para luego aplicarlos a un texto sobre el tema de la transparencia. Esto con miras a despertar el interés de investigadores, en el área de las ciencias sociales, por este modelo de análisis textual
- …