Study of the Static and Dynamic Magnetization across the First Order Phase Transition in FeRh Thin Films

The equiatomic FeRh alloy undergoes a first-order phase transition from an antiferromagnetic (AFM) to a ferromagnetic (FM) state at about 370 K with a small thermal hysteresis of about 10 K around the phase transition. The transition is accompanied by a unit cell volume expansion about 1% in the c lattice parameter. During the transition the new phase nucleates in the matrix of the original phase by reaching the critical temperature followed by a growth in size upon increasing temperature further. Therefore, to understand the transition process with more details, it is desirable to investigate the nucleation and growth of both phases within the first order phase transition. In the present thesis the main focus is on the growth of FeRh thin films by means of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) technique and characterization of the magnetic and structural properties. To develop an understanding of the phase transformation in FeRh thin films the ways in which one can tune it were investigated. The following aspects concerning the FeRh system have been examined here: 1) influence of annealing temperature on the magnetic and structural response, 2) effect of film thickness on the first-order phase transition temperature as well as the saturation magnetization, 3) influence of chemical composition on the magnetic properties and 4) magnetic field-induced phase transition. To get insight to details of the transition process the magnetization dynamic has been addressed by performing Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) experiment across the phase transition. FMR measurements determined the existence of two areas with different magnetic properties inside the film. A huge temperature difference for the beginning of the phase transition in comparison with the static magnetization measurement was observed for the equiatomic FeRh thin film prepared by MBE. Tuning of the AFM to FM phase transition in the FeRh thin film by means of low-energy/low fluence Ne+ ion irradiation was studied. Ion irradiation technique offers a quantitative control of the degree of chemical disorder by adjusting the ion fluence applied, while the penetration depth of the disordered phase can be adjusted by the ion-energy. The main results of ion irradiation are the shifting of the phase transition temperature to lower temperature and irradiation with 3×1014 ion/cm2 leads to the disappearance the AFM phase completely

EFFECT OF SINGLE SESSION OF CIRCUIT RESISTANCE EXERCISE ON VISFATIN AND GROWTH HORMONE IN MALE COLLEGE STUDENTS

The effect of physical activity and exercise on disrupting negative energy balance is well documented. The body controls that with different functions such as activating the involved centers like central and boundary ones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of single session of circuit resistance exercise with different intensities on visfatin and Growth hormone in non-athletic male college students. In this study, 30 volunteer non-athletic students were selected and randomly divided into three groups: the first group with intensity of 40% 1RM and the second group with 60% 1RM and the third group with 80% 1RM were doing exercise protocol. Blood samples were taken before and after the exercise program and the level of visfatin and Growth hormone were measured. The results of the present research have shown that plasma visfatin concentration significantly reduced after a session of a single circuit resistance activity with different intensities. But growth hormone was significantly increased in three groups. The results have shown significant reduction of plasma visfatin and significant elevation of growth hormone after a single session of circuit resistance exercise in non-athletic male college student

Effect of quercetin on methotrexate-induced hepatic and renal damages in male rats

Abstract Background and purpose: Methotrexate as a chemotherapy drug causes chronic liver damage, infiltration of neutrophils, oxidative stress, and direct renal tubular damage. Quercetin is a flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of quercetin on eliminating the liver and kidney toxicity of methotrexate. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 32 rats were divided into 4 groups. Group I (control) was given regular diet. Group II received single-dose methotrexate. Group III received methotrexate + a single dose quercetin and the last group (positive control) received methotrexate + a single dose silymarin. After five days, blood samples were taken and the serum GOT, GPT, ALP, Cr, urea and antioxidant capacity of plasma were measured. Some parts of liver and kidney were removed to measure the liver and kidney SOD, MDA, catalase activity and histopathological studies. Results: Serum GOT, GPT, ALP, Cr, and liver and kidney MDA were significantly higher (P<0.05) in group II, compared with those of the control group. These parameters significantly decreased (P<0.05) in group III. Compared to the control group, antioxidant capacity of plasma, activity of the liver and kidney SOD, catalase and serum urea decreased significantly in group II (P<0.05). Administration of quercetin significantly increased these parameters (P<0.05) and decreased hepatic and renal lymphocyte infiltration. Conclusion: According to the results, administration of quercetin could have a protective role in preventing liver and renal toxicity induced by methotrexate which could be due to its antioxidant property

Suppressive impact of anethum graveolens consumption on biochemical risk factors of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits

Background: We aimed to determine the effects of Anethum graveolens (Dill) powder on postprandial lipid profile, markers of oxidation and endothelial activation when added to a fatty meal. Methods: In an experimental study, 32 rabbits were randomly designated into four diet groups: normal diet, high cholesterol diet (1), high cholesterol diet plus 5 (w/w) dill powder and high cholesterol diet plus lovastatin (10 mg/kg, bw). The concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (alt), aspartate aminotransferase (ast), fibrinogen, factor VII, apolipoprotein B (ApoB), nitrite and nitrate were measured in blood samples following 15 h of fasting and 3 h after feeding. Results: Concurrent use of A. graveolens powder or lovastatin significantly decreased ALT, TC, glucose, fibrinogen and LDL-C values in comparison with hypercholesterolemic diet group (P < 0.05). Consumption of A. graveolens or lovastatin did not change factor VII, ApoB, nitrite and nitrate levels significantly in comparison with hypercholesterolemic diet group. Intake of A. graveolens significantly decreased serum AST compared to hypercholesterolemic diet. Conclusions: A. graveolens might have some protective values against atherosclerosis and that it significantly affects some biochemical risk factors of this disease. Our findings also confirm the potential harmful effects of oxidized fats and the importance of dietary polyphenols in the meal

Gallic acid mitigates diclofenac-induced liver toxicity by modulating oxidative stress and suppressing IL-1β gene expression in male rats

Context: Diclofenac (DIC) is an NSAID and consumption of this drug creates side effects such as liver injury. Gallic acid (GA), a natural component of many plants, is used as an antioxidant agent. Objective: This study assesses the hepatoprotective effects of GA in the rat model of DIC-induced liver toxicity. Materials and methods: In this research, the male Wistar rats were separated into five groups (n = 6). Group 1, control, received normal saline (1 mL/kg bw, i.p.); Group 2 received DIC-only (50 mg/kg bw, i.p.); Groups 3, received DIC (50 mg/kg bw, i.p.) plus silymarin (100 mg/kg bw, po), groups 4 and 5 received DIC (50 mg/kg bw, i.p.) plus GA (50 and 100 mg/kg, po, respectively). Results: The data demonstrated that the liver levels of the GSH, GPx, SOD, and CAT significantly reduced and the levels of the serum protein carbonyl, AST, ALP, ALT, total bilirubin, MDA, serum IL-1β, and the liver IL-1β gene expression were remarkably increased in the second group compared to control group. On the other hand, treatment with GA led to a significant elevation in GSH, GPx, SOD, CAT, and a significant decrease in protein carbonyl, AST, ALP, ALT, total bilirubin, MDA, serum IL-1β, and gene expression of IL-1β in comparison with the second group. Histological changes were also ameliorated by GA oral administration. Discussion and Conclusions: The data show that the oral administration of GA could alleviate the noxious effects of DIC on the antioxidant defense system and liver tissue

Serum levels of IL-32 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with TNF-α and IL-6

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important public health worldwide. The main underlying mechanism of T2DM is insulin resistance which is associated with chronic inflammation. Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which has been implicated in pro-inflammatory responses of several human diseases. Previous studies have reported higher levels of IL-32 in inflammatory disease and obesity. The present study aimed to evaluate the serum concentrations of IL-32 in patients with T2DM and its association with cardio-metabolic parameters. This study was undertaken on 93 patients with TDM and 74 healthy controls. T2DM was diagnosed based on ADA criteria. Serum levels of IL-32, adiponectin, TNF-α, and IL-6 were measured by ELISA technique. Our findings revealed independent elevated levels of IL-32 in T2DM group (1061 (841.9–1601) pg/mL) compared to the control (630.4 (331.1–830.9) pg/mL). Furthermore, it was associated with increased risk of T2DM incidence. IL-32 indicated a positive correlation with body mass index, fasting blood glucose, TNF-α, and IL-6 in patients with T2DM. Furthermore, linear regression showed independent association between IL-32 and IL-6 plus TNF-α in patients’ group. The results of the present study revealed higher levels of IL-32 in T2DM patients which have been associated with inflammatory markers. These results suggest the possible role of IL-32 in chronic inflammation in patients wit

Factors Associated with The Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease in The Mashad: A Cohort Study

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, and specifically in Iran. Accurate assessments of Coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence is very necessary for public health. In current study we aimed to investigate the incidence of CHD and importance of several classical, modifiable and un-modifiable risk factors for CHD among an urban population in eastern Iran after 6 years of follow-up. Methods The population of MASHAD cohort study were followed up for 6 years, every 3 years in two step by phone and who reported symptoms of CVD were asked to attend for a cardiac examination, to estimate the incidence of CHD with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) as well multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of several baseline characteristics with incidence of CHD event. Evaluation of goodness-of-fit was done using ROC analysis. CHD cases divided into four different classes which include: stable angina, unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. Results In the six years\u27 follow-up of Mashhad study, the incidence rate of all CHD event in men and women in 100,000 people-years with 95% confidence intervals were 1920 (810-3030) and 1160 (730-1590), respectively. The areas under ROC curve (AUC), based on multivariate predictors of CHD outcome, was 0.7825. Conclusion Our findings indicated that the incidence rate of coronary heart diseases in MASHAD cohort study increases with age as well as our final model designed, was able to predict approximately 78% of CHD events in Iranian population

Study of the Static and Dynamic Magnetization across the First Order Phase Transition in FeRh Thin Films

The equiatomic FeRh alloy undergoes a first-order phase transition from an antiferromagnetic (AFM) to a ferromagnetic (FM) state at about 370 K with a small thermal hysteresis of about 10 K around the phase transition. The transition is accompanied by a unit cell volume expansion about 1% in the c lattice parameter. During the transition the new phase nucleates in the matrix of the original phase by reaching the critical temperature followed by a growth in size upon increasing temperature further. Therefore, to understand the transition process with more details, it is desirable to investigate the nucleation and growth of both phases within the first order phase transition. In the present thesis the main focus is on the growth of FeRh thin films by means of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) technique and characterization of the magnetic and structural properties. To develop an understanding of the phase transformation in FeRh thin films the ways in which one can tune it were investigated. The following aspects concerning the FeRh system have been examined here: 1) influence of annealing temperature on the magnetic and structural response, 2) effect of film thickness on the first-order phase transition temperature as well as the saturation magnetization, 3) influence of chemical composition on the magnetic properties and 4) magnetic field-induced phase transition. To get insight to details of the transition process the magnetization dynamic has been addressed by performing Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) experiment across the phase transition. FMR measurements determined the existence of two areas with different magnetic properties inside the film. A huge temperature difference for the beginning of the phase transition in comparison with the static magnetization measurement was observed for the equiatomic FeRh thin film prepared by MBE. Tuning of the AFM to FM phase transition in the FeRh thin film by means of low-energy/low fluence Ne+ ion irradiation was studied. Ion irradiation technique offers a quantitative control of the degree of chemical disorder by adjusting the ion fluence applied, while the penetration depth of the disordered phase can be adjusted by the ion-energy. The main results of ion irradiation are the shifting of the phase transition temperature to lower temperature and irradiation with 3×1014 ion/cm2 leads to the disappearance the AFM phase completely

Study of the Static and Dynamic Magnetization across the First Order Phase Transition in FeRh Thin Films

The equiatomic FeRh alloy undergoes a first-order phase transition from an antiferromagnetic (AFM) to a ferromagnetic (FM) state at about 370 K with a small thermal hysteresis of about 10 K around the phase transition. The transition is accompanied by a unit cell volume expansion about 1% in the c lattice parameter. During the transition the new phase nucleates in the matrix of the original phase by reaching the critical temperature followed by a growth in size upon increasing temperature further. Therefore, to understand the transition process with more details, it is desirable to investigate the nucleation and growth of both phases within the first order phase transition. In the present thesis the main focus is on the growth of FeRh thin films by means of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) technique and characterization of the magnetic and structural properties. To develop an understanding of the phase transformation in FeRh thin films the ways in which one can tune it were investigated. The following aspects concerning the FeRh system have been examined here: 1) influence of annealing temperature on the magnetic and structural response, 2) effect of film thickness on the first-order phase transition temperature as well as the saturation magnetization, 3) influence of chemical composition on the magnetic properties and 4) magnetic field-induced phase transition. To get insight to details of the transition process the magnetization dynamic has been addressed by performing Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) experiment across the phase transition. FMR measurements determined the existence of two areas with different magnetic properties inside the film. A huge temperature difference for the beginning of the phase transition in comparison with the static magnetization measurement was observed for the equiatomic FeRh thin film prepared by MBE. Tuning of the AFM to FM phase transition in the FeRh thin film by means of low-energy/low fluence Ne+ ion irradiation was studied. Ion irradiation technique offers a quantitative control of the degree of chemical disorder by adjusting the ion fluence applied, while the penetration depth of the disordered phase can be adjusted by the ion-energy. The main results of ion irradiation are the shifting of the phase transition temperature to lower temperature and irradiation with 3×1014 ion/cm2 leads to the disappearance the AFM phase completely