Friderike Klauner (1916–1993) Director of the Picture Gallery and First Director of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien A biographical sketch

50 years ago, a woman headed Austria’s largest art museum for the first time. For eight years, Friderike Klauner managed the affairs of the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna with untiring commitment. She introduced some innovations, but also preserved traditions in order to make the valuable, formerly imperial art collection accessible to the interested public in various forms. This essay attempts a biographical approach to the successful art historian. It explores her career and her professional achievements. It wonders why so little has been published about her so far and finally asks what still remains of Friderike Klauner to this day

Das Menschenbild in der Skulptur in Österreich zwischen 1938 und 1945

Die Arbeit untersucht die kunst- und kulturpolitischen Rahmenbedingungen für die bildhauerische Arbeit in Österreich in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus. Die gravierenden Auswirkungen auf die Bildhauer werden untersucht, insbesondere ihre Abhängigkeit von politischen Aufträgen bzw. Großaufträgen. Die Untersuchung des Menschenbildes in der Plastik von 1938-1945 wird unterteilt in die Darstellung der Frau, des Mannes und des Porträts. Einerseits werden die Kontinuitäten zur Plastik in der Zwischenkriegszeit dargestellt, aber auch die Differenzen zwischen NS-Plastik und der Zeit davor herusgearbeitet

A distinct lineage of giant viruses brings a rhodopsin photosystem to unicellular marine predators.

Giant viruses are remarkable for their large genomes, often rivaling those of small bacteria, and for having genes thought exclusive to cellular life. Most isolated to date infect nonmarine protists, leaving their strategies and prevalence in marine environments largely unknown. Using eukaryotic single-cell metagenomics in the Pacific, we discovered a Mimiviridae lineage of giant viruses, which infects choanoflagellates, widespread protistan predators related to metazoans. The ChoanoVirus genomes are the largest yet from pelagic ecosystems, with 442 of 862 predicted proteins lacking known homologs. They are enriched in enzymes for modifying organic compounds, including degradation of chitin, an abundant polysaccharide in oceans, and they encode 3 divergent type-1 rhodopsins (VirR) with distinct evolutionary histories from those that capture sunlight in cellular organisms. One (VirRDTS) is similar to the only other putative rhodopsin from a virus (PgV) with a known host (a marine alga). Unlike the algal virus, ChoanoViruses encode the entire pigment biosynthesis pathway and cleavage enzyme for producing the required chromophore, retinal. We demonstrate that the rhodopsin shared by ChoanoViruses and PgV binds retinal and pumps protons. Moreover, our 1.65-Å resolved VirRDTS crystal structure and mutational analyses exposed differences from previously characterized type-1 rhodopsins, all of which come from cellular organisms. Multiple VirR types are present in metagenomes from across surface oceans, where they are correlated with and nearly as abundant as a canonical marker gene from Mimiviridae Our findings indicate that light-dependent energy transfer systems are likely common components of giant viruses of photosynthetic and phagotrophic unicellular marine eukaryotes

A distinct lineage of giant viruses brings a rhodopsin photosystem to unicellular marine predators

Significance: Although viruses are well-characterized regulators of eukaryotic algae, little is known about those infecting unicellular predators in oceans. We report the largest marine virus genome yet discovered, found in a wild predatory choanoflagellate sorted away from other Pacific microbes and pursued using integration of cultivation-independent and laboratory methods. The giant virus encodes nearly 900 proteins, many unlike known proteins, others related to cellular metabolism and organic matter degradation, and 3 type-1 rhodopsins. The viral rhodopsin that is most abundant in ocean metagenomes, and also present in an algal virus, pumps protons when illuminated, akin to cellular rhodopsins that generate a proton-motive force. Giant viruses likely provision multiple host species with photoheterotrophic capacities, including predatory unicellular relatives of animals. Abstract: Giant viruses are remarkable for their large genomes, often rivaling those of small bacteria, and for having genes thought exclusive to cellular life. Most isolated to date infect nonmarine protists, leaving their strategies and prevalence in marine environments largely unknown. Using eukaryotic single-cell metagenomics in the Pacific, we discovered a Mimiviridae lineage of giant viruses, which infects choanoflagellates, widespread protistan predators related to metazoans. The ChoanoVirus genomes are the largest yet from pelagic ecosystems, with 442 of 862 predicted proteins lacking known homologs. They are enriched in enzymes for modifying organic compounds, including degradation of chitin, an abundant polysaccharide in oceans, and they encode 3 divergent type-1 rhodopsins (VirR) with distinct evolutionary histories from those that capture sunlight in cellular organisms. One (VirRDTS) is similar to the only other putative rhodopsin from a virus (PgV) with a known host (a marine alga). Unlike the algal virus, ChoanoViruses encode the entire pigment biosynthesis pathway and cleavage enzyme for producing the required chromophore, retinal. We demonstrate that the rhodopsin shared by ChoanoViruses and PgV binds retinal and pumps protons. Moreover, our 1.65-Å resolved VirRDTS crystal structure and mutational analyses exposed differences from previously characterized type-1 rhodopsins, all of which come from cellular organisms. Multiple VirR types are present in metagenomes from across surface oceans, where they are correlated with and nearly as abundant as a canonical marker gene from Mimiviridae. Our findings indicate that light-dependent energy transfer systems are likely common components of giant viruses of photosynthetic and phagotrophic unicellular marine eukaryotes

"... das Schmerzenskind der letzten Jahre...". Ein Arbeitsbericht zur Provenienzforschung in der Bibliothek des Kunsthistorischen Museums

This article is a first and incomplete report about the provenance research at the library of the Kunsthistorisches Museum. After a short survey of the library’s history, we discuss the sources and methodology for this study. Finally we outline first traces that we have found in our research since January 2011

Rezension | Thomas Kübler/Jörg Oberste (Hg.): Das achte und neunte Stadtbuch Dresdens (1535–1598)

Thomas Kübler/Jörg Oberste (Hg.): Das achte und neunte Stadtbuch Dresdens (1535–1598), bearbeitet von Mandy Ettelt und Sandra Knieb, Leipzig: Leipziger Universitätsverlag 2015, ISBN: 978-3-86583-95967, 858 Seiten, 16 Farbabbildungen, € 55 Susanne Hehenberger (Wien) Quelleneditionen sind zweifellos nützlich. Sie ermöglichen einem erweiterten Kreis an Interessierten die Lektüre von Texten, die sonst nur jenen zugänglich wären, die erstens von den Texten wissen, die zweitens das entsprechende Ar..

Rezension | Thomas Kübler/Jörg Oberste (Hg.): Das achte und neunte Stadtbuch Dresdens (1535–1598)

Thomas Kübler/Jörg Oberste (Hg.): Das achte und neunte Stadtbuch Dresdens (1535–1598), bearbeitet von Mandy Ettelt und Sandra Knieb, Leipzig: Leipziger Universitätsverlag 2015, ISBN: 978-3-86583-95967, 858 Seiten, 16 Farbabbildungen, € 55 Susanne Hehenberger (Wien) Quelleneditionen sind zweifellos nützlich. Sie ermöglichen einem erweiterten Kreis an Interessierten die Lektüre von Texten, die sonst nur jenen zugänglich wären, die erstens von den Texten wissen, die zweitens das entsprechende Ar..

Rezension: Irene Kubiska-Scharl/Michael Pölzl: Die Karrieren des Wiener Hofpersonals 1711–1765

Irene Kubiska-Scharl/Michael Pölzl: Die Karrieren des Wiener Hofpersonals 1711–1765. Eine Darstellung anhand der Hofkalender und Hofparteienprotokolle (= Forschungen und Beiträge zur Wiener Stadtge­schichte 58). Innsbruck: Studienverlag 2013, 756 Sei­ten, mit zahlreichen s/w-und Farbabbildungen, EUR 58,90, ISBN: 978-3-7065-5324-7 Von Susanne Hehenberger (Wien) Rund 2.000 Männer und Frauen arbeiteten im 18. Jahrhundert für den Wiener Hof. Diese Zahl beeindruckt und die vorliegende Studie, die ..

Rezension: Irene Kubiska-Scharl/Michael Pölzl: Die Karrieren des Wiener Hofpersonals 1711–1765

Irene Kubiska-Scharl/Michael Pölzl: Die Karrieren des Wiener Hofpersonals 1711–1765. Eine Darstellung anhand der Hofkalender und Hofparteienprotokolle (= Forschungen und Beiträge zur Wiener Stadtge­schichte 58). Innsbruck: Studienverlag 2013, 756 Sei­ten, mit zahlreichen s/w-und Farbabbildungen, EUR 58,90, ISBN: 978-3-7065-5324-7 Von Susanne Hehenberger (Wien) Rund 2.000 Männer und Frauen arbeiteten im 18. Jahrhundert für den Wiener Hof. Diese Zahl beeindruckt und die vorliegende Studie, die ..

"... das Schmerzenskind der letzten Jahre...". Ein Arbeitsbericht zur Provenienzforschung in der Bibliothek des Kunsthistorischen Museums

This article is a first and incomplete report about the provenance research at the library of the Kunsthistorisches Museum. After a short survey of the library’s history, we discuss the sources and methodology for this study. Finally we outline first traces that we have found in our research since January 2011.Der vorliegende Beitrag versteht sich als Werkstattbericht zur Provenienzforschung in der Bibliothek des Kunsthistorischen Museums. Neben einer kurzen Darstellung der Geschichte der Bibliothek werden Quellen und Methodik vorgestellt sowie die ersten Spuren der Recherchen, die mit Beginn des Jahres 2011 einsetzten, präsentiert