Antibacterial activity of the released metabolites of sea anemone Stichodactyla gigantea (Forskal, 1775) from the coast of South Andaman, India

Marine sessile organisms produce unique bioactive metabolites, which render a defensive barrier against microbial threats and increase survivability in the middle of predators. The earlier studies focused on isolated metabolites from marine sources, composed to exhibit antibacterial, antiviral, and cytotoxic properties. The present study aims to evaluate the antibacterial property of the anemone-released metabolites. The crude and released mucoid metabolite obtained from the sea anemone Stichodactyla gigantea (Forskal, 1775) assayed against five human pathogens like Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 121), Listeria monocytogenes (MTCC 839), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC839), Bacillus cereus (MTCC 443), and Salmonella enterica typhimurium (MTCC 1252). The assay exhibited positive activity against two pathogens, viz. B. subtilis (MTCC 121) and L. monocytogenes (MTCC 839). Based on the demonstrated activity, the released metabolites were purified using Open Column chromatography. The fractions collected were subjected to an antibacterial assay, which showed a high inhibition zone of 39 mm and 23 mm in diameter against B. subtilis and L. monocytogenes. Followingly, the characterization of purified fractions through GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of 22 compounds. This study reveals the potential power of the released mucoid metabolites against antibiotic-resistive pathogens. Further studies are essential to elucidate the role of endosymbiont's contribution to mucoid production and their responsiveness towards tackling stressed conditions

Antibacterial activity of the released metabolites of sea anemone Stichodactyla gigantea (Forskal, 1775) from the coast of South Andaman, India

Marine sessile organisms produce unique bioactive metabolites, which render a defensive barrier against microbial threats and increase survivability in the middle of predators. The earlier studies focused on isolated metabolites from marine sources, composed to exhibit antibacterial, antiviral, and cytotoxic properties. The present study aims to evaluate the antibacterial property of the anemone-released metabolites. The crude and released mucoid metabolite obtained from the sea anemone Stichodactyla gigantea (Forskal, 1775) assayed against five human pathogens like Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 121), Listeria monocytogenes (MTCC 839), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC839), Bacillus cereus (MTCC 443), and Salmonella enterica typhimurium (MTCC 1252). The assay exhibited positive activity against two pathogens, viz. B. subtilis (MTCC 121) and L. monocytogenes (MTCC 839). Based on the demonstrated activity, the released metabolites were purified using Open Column chromatography. The fractions collected were subjected to an antibacterial assay, which showed a high inhibition zone of 39 mm and 23 mm in diameter against B. subtilis and L. monocytogenes. Followingly, the characterization of purified fractions through GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of 22 compounds. This study reveals the potential power of the released mucoid metabolites against antibiotic-resistive pathogens. Further studies are essential to elucidate the role of endosymbiont's contribution to mucoid production and their responsiveness towards tackling stressed conditions

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Bombay experience in intensive respiratory care over 6 years.

The experience of the intensive respiratory care in 930 cases treated from 1983 for 4 years and in 404 cases over the next 2 years is reported. The background operational problems are stressed. Those between age 10 and 50 years did significantly better (p less than 0.05). The survival over the first 4 years in IPPR cases was 16.3&#x0025; and in non IPPR group 71.8&#x0025;; over the next 2 years, the former group, survival was 32.4 and 36.3&#x0025;. The survival in asthmatic patients was high (76&#x0025;). In cases with organophosphorus poisoning (without IPPR), survival was 81&#x0025; while in IPPR group it was 29&#x0025;. In 1988, the results in this group were better due to more aggressive management. In autopsy data on 85 cases, infection was not a major feature in those dying within 24 hours. The survival in COPD cases showed significant relation to age (p less than 0.05), initial arterial pO2 below 60 mm (p less than 0.01) and arterial pH below 7.3 (p less than 0.01). In cases with pneumonia (also asthma) younger cases did better (p less than 0.05) as also those with pneumonia and initial pO2 above 60 mm (p less than 0.01) and pH above 7.3 (p less than 0.001). When pneumonia was community acquired, survival (64.8&#x0025;) was better than when it was hospital acquired (24&#x0025;; p less than 0.01). Only the need for IPPR affected survival in trauma group. The major cause of death was infection with Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococci and other gram--ve organisms. It is concluded that with proper planning and training, the IRCU does provide a useful mode of treatment in selected patients with respiratory problems

Atherosclerosis Treatment with Stimuli-Responsive Nanoagents: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives.

Atherosclerosis is the root of approximately one-third of global mortalities. Nanotechnology exhibits splendid prospects to combat atherosclerosis at the molecular level by engineering smart nanoagents with versatile functionalizations. Significant advances in nanoengineering enable nanoagents to autonomously navigate in the bloodstream, escape from biological barriers, and assemble with their nanocohort at the targeted lesion. The assembly of nanoagents with endogenous and exogenous stimuli breaks down their shells, facilitates intracellular delivery, releases their cargo to kill the corrupt cells, and gives imaging reports. All these improvements pave the way toward personalized medicine for atherosclerosis. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in stimuli-responsive nanoagents for atherosclerosis management and its progress in clinical trials