The effect of uncertainties in the design of complex structural systems by using FEM

In today's society increasingly complex structures are designed whilst at the same time the design of a single structure ought to occur in a shorter period of time. This fact has undoubtedly contributed to that computational strength calculation that often is based on the nite element method instead of the classical hand calculation methods, is applied more frequently. Therefore an important aspect to consider when analyzing the results is whether the end results vary between the dierent calculation methods or not and if the outcome dier between diverse FE-programs. The quality control procedure of the calculation process is also of interest to be analyzed in order to study how companies in the industry ensure themselves that the appearance of uncertainties is minimized

Use of a capacitive affinity biosensor for sensitive and selective detection and quantification of DNA—A model study

AbstractA capacitive DNA-sensor model system was used to monitor the capture of complementary single-stranded DNAs. The sensor chip consisted of a gold electrode, which was carefully insulated with a polytyramine layer and covalently tagged with 25-mer oligo-C. As low as 10−11 moles per liter of target oligo-G could be detected by injecting 250μL of sample. Elevated temperature was used to reduce non-specific hybridization. Less than 10% of non-target 25-mer oligo-T interacted nonspecifically with the oligo-C probes when hybridization process was performed at 50°C. Studying the relationship of length of the analyte to the signal strength, the output from the capacitive DNA-sensor increased to almost the double; from 50 to 88-nFcm−2, when a 25-mer oligo-G was used instead of a 15-mer. By sandwich hybridization at room temperature, it was possible to further increase the signal, from 78-nFcm−2 for the target 50-mer oligo-G alone, to 114-nFcm−2

Capacitive biosensor based on synthetic receptors for multiplex monitoring of amphetamine-type stimulants in the water system

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Author Correction:Charge disproportionate molecular redox for discrete memristive and memcapacitive switching (Nature Nanotechnology, (2020), 15, 5, (380-389), 10.1038/s41565-020-0653-1)

Correction to: Nature Nanotechnology. Published online 23 March 2020. In the version of this article initially published, there were presentation errors in the range of y-axis values displayed in Extended Data Figure 4a,b, and Extended Data Figure 5b. The errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.</p

Rapid short-duration hypothermia with cold saline and endovascular cooling before reperfusion reduces microvascular obstruction and myocardial infarct size

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the combination of a rapid intravenous infusion of cold saline and endovascular hypothermia in a closed chest pig infarct model.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Pigs were randomized to pre-reperfusion hypothermia (n = 7), post-reperfusion hypothermia (n = 7) or normothermia (n = 5). A percutaneous coronary intervention balloon was inflated in the left anterior descending artery for 40 min. Hypothermia was started after 25 min of ischemia or immediately after reperfusion by infusion of 1000 ml of 4°C saline and endovascular hypothermia. Area at risk was evaluated by in vivo SPECT. Infarct size was evaluated by ex vivo MRI.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Pre-reperfusion hypothermia reduced infarct size/area at risk by 43% (46 ± 8%) compared to post-reperfusion hypothermia (80 ± 6%, p < 0.05) and by 39% compared to normothermia (75 ± 5%, p < 0.05). Pre-reperfusion hypothermia infarctions were patchier in appearance with scattered islands of viable myocardium. Pre-reperfusion hypothermia abolished (0%, p < 0.001), and post-reperfusion hypothermia significantly reduced microvascular obstruction (10.3 ± 5%; p < 0.05), compared to normothermia: (30.2 ± 5%).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Rapid hypothermia with cold saline and endovascular cooling before reperfusion reduces myocardial infarct size and microvascular obstruction. A novel finding is that hypothermia at the onset of reperfusion reduces microvascular obstruction without reducing myocardial infarct size. Intravenous administration of cold saline combined with endovascular hypothermia provides a method for a rapid induction of hypothermia suggesting a potential clinical application.</p

Interplay of Cultures Studio – Sámi: Architecture that leaves no trace in the environment, Master's level course in Architecture

Who are the Sámi? What is Sámi culture? What is Sápmi? What can be called Sámiarchitecture? Who has the right to design in Sápmi? What is cultural appropriation? How can one experience Sápmi? Who has the right to own the land? How can we learn about indigenous culture, here Sámi, without perpetuating colonization? What have we learned about the way Sámi cultures relate to our material reality and how could this inform the way we build today in Western culture as we strive for a sustainable way to live on the planet? During the beginning of the year 2022 the multidisciplinary architecture master studio,Interplay of Culture introduced 16 students to Sámi culture. Here are a few questions that we asked ourselves, and tried to answer with more questions than definite answers. The focus of this course is on the thematic area of Global Sustainability and Cultural Locality. The aim was to gain insight on sustainable building solutions and culturally sensitive architecture in indigenous northern cultures context. This publication is the summary of our exploration on the extremely broad and fascinatingSámi cultures. It gives diversified insight on what students explored, learned and understood of Sámi culture and building knowledge.Peer reviewe

Experimental designs for identifying causal mechanisms

Experimentation is a powerful methodology that enables scientists to establish causal claims empirically. However, one important criticism is that experiments merely provide a black box view of causality and fail to identify causal mechanisms. Specifically, critics argue that, although experiments can identify average causal effects, they cannot explain the process through which such effects come about. If true, this represents a serious limitation of experimentation, especially for social and medical science research that strives to identify causal mechanisms. We consider several experimental designs that help to identify average natural indirect effects. Some of these designs require the perfect manipulation of an intermediate variable, whereas others can be used even when only imperfect manipulation is possible. We use recent social science experiments to illustrate the key ideas that underlie each of the designs proposed.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant SES-0849715)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant SES-0918968