Production and Maternal Report of 16- and 18-Month-Olds' Vocabulary in Low- and Middle-Income Families

Children\u27s vocabularies on the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories Words and Gestures form (CDI:WG; Fenson et al., 1993) with spontaneous production data in both low- and middle-income families. Method: As part of a longitudinal investigation, language samples were gathered from 23 mother-child dyads based on Stoel-Gammon\u27s (1987) protocol for the Language Production Scale when the children were 16 and 18 months of age. The mothers also completed the CDI:WG at both visits. The words that the children produced were compared with those the mothers reported on the vocabulary checklist, with family income and vocabulary size as grouping factors. Results: Maternal reporting did not differ as a function of socioeconomic status but did increase from 16 to 18 months. Conclusions: The vocabulary differences observed on the CDI:WG for children from lowincome families do not appear to be a reflection of inaccurate maternal reporting. Further research is needed to determine whether these findings will generalize more broadly. © American Speech-Language-Hearing Association

Forests and global change: what can genetics contribute to the major forest management and policy challenges of the twenty-first century?

The conservation and sustainable use of forests in the twenty-first century pose huge challenges for forest management and policy. Society demands that forests provide a wide range of ecosystem services, from timber products, raw materials and renewable energy to sociocultural amenities and habitats for nature conservation. Innovative management and policy approaches need to be developed to meet these often-conflicting demands in a context of environmental change of uncertain magnitude and scale. Genetic diversity is a key component of resilience and adaptability. Overall, forest tree populations are genetically very diverse, conferring them an enormous potential for genetic adaptation via the processes of gene flow and natural selection. Here, we review the main challenges facing our forests in the coming century and focus on how recent progress in genetics can contribute to the development of appropriate practical actions that forest managers and policy makers can adopt to promote forest resilience to climate change. Emerging knowledge will inform and clarify current controversies relating to the choice of appropriate genetic resources for planting, the effect of silvicultural systems and stand tending on adaptive potential and the best ways to harness genetic diversity in breeding and conservation programs. Gaps in our knowledge remain, and we identify where additional information is needed (e.g.;the adaptive value of peripheral populations or the genetic determinism of key adaptive traits) and the types of studies that are required to provide this key understanding. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

Writing lives : American biography and autobiography /

Introduction / Hans Bak and Hans Krabbendam; PART I: AUTOBIOGRAPHY. John Fitch and the origins of American autobiography / Stephen C. Arch; The Franklin-Stein monster: ventriloquism and missing persons in American autobiography / Richard Hardack; Posthumous life and the alibi of autobiography: the Adams memorial / Duco van Oostrum; Mary Antin's "Biomythography" / Kathleen Ashley; (Im)possible lives: Zelda Fitzgerald's 'Save me the waltz' as surrealist autobiography / Susan Castillo; Competing notions of American and artistic identity in visual and written autobiographies in the 1930s and early 1940s / Donna M. Cassidy; 'Dust tracks on a road': Zora Neale Hurston's autobiography and the rhetoric of "Feather-bed resistance" / Nicole E. Reith; Howard Fast and the shape of the political memoir / David Seed; From memories of childhood to intellectual memoirs, or from Mary McCarthy to "Mary McCarthy" / Isabel Durán; "True story" novels as autobiography: the influence of 'the shadow' on Jack Kerouac's 'Doctor Sax' / Ann Charters; Representing shame / Madeleine Sorapure; The autobiography of guilt: Tim O'Brien and Vietnam / Mary A. McCay; Ethnicities: the American self-tellings of Leslie Marmon Silko, Richard Rodriguez, Darryl Pinckney, and Garrett Hongo / A. Robert Lee; Native American autobiography as "Art" / Hartwig Isernhagen; Travel writing as autobiography: the case of Eddy L. Harris / Ineke Bockting;PART II: BIOGRAPHY. Biography as interdisciplinary art / Joan D. Hedrick; Forever riding with Stonewall: three approaches to Henry Kyd Douglas / Anneke Leenhouts; The Cabot lodges: A family portrait / Alfons Lammers; Making biography out of Mencken / Fred Hobson; Radical feminist or handmaiden? Fact and fiction in Susan Glaspell's life / Barbara Ozieblo; The quest for Bogart / Jeffrey Meyers; The missing civil rights in Eleanor Roosevelt's autobiographies / Mieke van Thoor; "Playing with the news": Jonathan Daniels on Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman / Hans Veldman; Discontinuity and coherence in the short biography: Arthur J. Goldberg and the OSS Labor Branch / Bob Reinalda; Creating a group identity: the New York intellectuals / Tity de Vries; Jimmy Carter: the missionary man / Douglas Brinkley; Oral biography in print and broadcast / David K. Dunaway; A telling existence: writing gay biography / Axel Nissen; 'Still' telling women's lives / Linda Wagner-Martin; notes on contributors; Index