785 research outputs found
Preliminary Overview of Institutional Structures and Models: Information Systems for Energy/Environmental Planning and Management in GDR, Rhone-Alpes, and Wisconsin
This paper is one of a series describing a multidisciplinary IIASA research program on Integrated Energy System Modelling and Policy Analysis. The initial phase of this research program is focused on the energy systems of three regions: the State of Wisconsin in the U.S.A.; the German Democratic Republic; and the Rhone-Alpes Region in France.
The primary purposes of the study are at least three-fold: (1) To identify existing patterns of regional energy use and supply at appropriate levels of disaggregation. (2) To compare alternative methodologies for regional energy forecasting, planning, and policy development. (3) To use the ,above methodologies to examine alternate energy policy strategies for each of the regions, to explore their implications from various perspectives using sets of indicators related to environmental impacts, energy use efficiency, etc., and to evaluate the adequacy of the alternative methodologies as policy tools.
Out of these above three items should evolve improved methodologies for energy systems research and policy analysis. The comparative method, intersecting the different disciplines and nations which would be involved in this project, should serve as a powerful tool to the mutual benefit of the participating nations as well as to other countries facing similar energy problems. It could also serve as a prototype for similar studies on other resources such as materials, water, air, i.e. as a vehicle for development of an approach for improved resource management
Parabolic diamond scanning probes for single spin magnetic field imaging
Enhancing the measurement signal from solid state quantum sensors such as the
nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is an important problem for sensing and
imaging of condensed matter systems. Here we engineer diamond scanning probes
with a truncated parabolic profile that optimizes the photonic signal from
single embedded NV centers, forming a high-sensitivity probe for nanoscale
magnetic field imaging. We develop a scalable fabrication procedure based on
dry etching with a flowable oxide mask to reliably produce a controlled tip
curvature. The resulting parabolic tip shape yields a median saturation count
rate of 2.1 0.2 MHz, the highest reported for single NVs in scanning
probes to date. Furthermore, the structures operate across the full NV
photoluminescence spectrum, emitting into a numerical aperture of 0.46 and the
end-facet of the truncated tip, located near the focus of the parabola, allows
for small NV-sample spacings and nanoscale imaging. We demonstrate the
excellent properties of these diamond scanning probes by imaging ferromagnetic
stripes with a spatial resolution better than 50 nm. Our results mark a 5-fold
improvement in measurement signal over the state-of-the art in scanning-probe
based NV sensors.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
Polymer Structures on Surface Acoustic Wave Biosensors
The influence of surface structuring on surface acoustic wave (SAW) biosensor signals has been investigated. Polymer structures on the sensor surfaces were applied by lithography or by self-assembling of polystyrene microparticles. In first experiments, structured and unstructured sensors led to similar results in a model affinity assay using streptavidin and biotinylated protein. On the other hand, structuring had a strong effect on SAW sensor signals obtained by protein adsorption on parylene C coated sensors. Depending on the protein, both decreased (albumin, streptavidin) and increased (fibrinogen) signals were observed with structured SAW sensors. Particularly the latter could contribute to facilitated blood analysis in the future
Efficient single nucleotide polymorphism discovery in laboratory rat strains using wild rat-derived SNP candidates
BACKGROUND: The laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) is an important model for studying many aspects of human health and disease. Detailed knowledge on genetic variation between strains is important from a biomedical, particularly pharmacogenetic point of view and useful for marker selection for genetic cloning and association studies. RESULTS: We show that Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in commonly used rat strains are surprisingly well represented in wild rat isolates. Shotgun sequencing of 814 Kbp in one wild rat resulted in the identification of 485 SNPs as compared with the Brown Norway genome sequence. Genotyping 36 commonly used inbred rat strains showed that 84% of these alleles are also polymorphic in a representative set of laboratory rat strains. CONCLUSION: We postulate that shotgun sequencing in a wild rat sample and subsequent genotyping in multiple laboratory or domesticated strains rather than direct shotgun sequencing of multiple strains, could be the most efficient SNP discovery approach. For the rat, laboratory strains still harbor a large portion of the haplotypes present in wild isolates, suggesting a relatively recent common origin and supporting the idea that rat inbred strains, in contrast to mouse inbred strains, originate from a single species, R. norvegicus
Energy/Environment Models: Relationship to Planning in Wisconsin, GDR, Rhone Alps
This report is a description and cross-regional comparison of the institutional structures and modeling methodologies of the three regions participating in the IIASA Research Program on Management of Regional Energy/Environment Systems. Descriptions are presented for the state of Wisconsin (USA), the German Democratic Republic, and the Rhone-Alpes Region (France), by specialists and policy makers from the respective regions. These descriptions demonstrate quite vividly the relationships between the institutional structure of a region and its use of models and planning tools
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Ρ Ρ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ (Π’ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ)
Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Ρ Ρ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Π°.There are analisys of existing methods of struggle with hydrate formations in this work.
An experimental aeromechanical method without the use of methanol is proposed
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